I-gland yegciwane iyisitho esincane esisezintanyeni, okubhekisela ezigodini zokuvimba kwangaphakathi. Phakathi kwezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana nesimiso se-endocrine, izifo, ikakhulukazi izicubu, zalesi sitho zitholakala kaningi. I-tumor ye-gland ye-gland ingaba yilezi zinhlobo ezibi (i-adenoma) neyingozi.
Izimbangela ze-adenoma ye-thyroid
I-adenoma ye-thyroid iyisisu esibi esivela emathisheni we-thyroid futhi uphawu (i-node) ehlanganiswe nezicubu ezixhunyiwe. I-Adenoma ingaba yedwa noma eminingi (goiter multinodular). Isifo ngokuvamile sibonakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala, futhi abesifazane bangaphezu kwamathuba amane ngaphezu kwamadoda.
Isimbangela saleso sifo asibonakalwanga, kepha ezimbangela ezingayiphakamisa, zihlanganisa isimo esingavumelani nesimo sezinto eziphilayo, ukungabi khona kwe-iodini emzimbeni, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone engafanelekile nge-pituitary gland.
Izinhlobo ze-adenoma ye-thyroid
I-adenomas ye-thyroid ihlukaniswe yaba:
- i-follicular;
- i-papillary;
- isilawuli esicacile;
- ukusebenza (isifo sikaPlamer);
- kusuka kumaseli e-Gurtle;
- ezinye izinhlobo ezingasetshenzisiwe.
Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo:
- I-adenoma ye-follicular ye-gland yegciwane. Iqukethe ama-node ajikelezayo noma ama-oval asendaweni ye-capsule colsuidal. Okuhlukile yi-adenoma ye-microfollicular, engenayo i-colloid. Esikhathini salo, i-adenoma follicular ifana kakhulu ne-tumor ebulalayo, ngakho-ke, uma itholakele, ngokuvamile kudingekile ukwenza ukugcoba kwegciwane lesifo segciwane ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile. Amaphesenti angama-15% lapho kungekho khona ukwelapha i-adlicoma follicular ingaba yisifo esibi kakhulu.
- I-papillary adenoma ye-gland yegciwane. Unesakhiwo esivamile se-cystic. Ngaphakathi kwama-cysts, ukukhula kwe-papilliform okuzungezwe umthamo obomvu kubonakala.
- Oxifil adenoma (kusuka kumaseli e-Gurtle). Iqukethe amaseli amakhulu ane-nucleus enkulu, ayinayo i-colloid. Ifomu elihlukumeza kakhulu futhi eliqhubekela phambili, elingaba ngamaphesenti angama-30% liphenduka libe lonya.
- Ubuthi (ukusebenza) i-adenoma ye-gland gland. Izifo, lapho igulane le-thyroid lifaka khona ngokuzenzakalelayo likhiqiza inani elikhulu lamahomoni. Ngenxa yalokho, kune-overabundance egazini futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni athile e-pituitary obhekene nokusebenza okujwayelekile kwegciwane le-thyroid. I-adenoma enobungozi ingabonakala kokubili ngokwayo futhi ithuthuke kwi-node yangaphambili engeyona enobuthi emgodini wegciwane.
Izimpawu ze-adenoma ye-thyroid
Uma i-tumor encane, khona-ke ayikwazi ukuzibonakalisa yona futhi ibonise ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. I-Adenomas yobukhulu obukhulu iyabonakala ngokubonakalayo: iphoyisa intamo, ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula, ukujikeleza kwegazi, ubuhlungu.
Futhi, uma kukhona i-adenoma ye-thyroid (ikakhulukazi ishukela), kungenzeka kube khona:
- ukujuluka okukhulu, ngisho nesimo sokuthula;
- ukulahlekelwa isisindo, lapho kungekho khona izinguquko ekudleni nasekuzivocavoca umzimba;
- ukubekezelela ukushisa okuncane;
- izinhliziyo zomzimba;
- ukucasula;
- ukhathala okwandayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-adenoma ye-thyroid
Ukwelashwa kwe-adenoma kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: imithi kanye nokuhlinzwa.
Esikhathini sokuqala, ngezingcingo ezincane kuphela, noma uma lesi sifo sibangelwa ukuphulwa kwesizinda se-hormonal, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziswa.
Njengoba ukwanda kwamakhemikhali, ukusongelwa kwe-tumor ebulalayo futhi kulawo maqiniso lapho ukwelashwa kwe-hormone kunganikezi imiphumela, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe i-node, futhi ube nomonakalo omkhulu - lonke igciwane le-thyroid. Esikhathini esilandelayo, isiguli kufanele sithathe amalungiselelo ama-hormone konke ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa ukubikezelwa kwesibindi kusalokhu kulungile.
Ukwelashwa kwe-adenoma ye-thyroid ye-toxic ngokuvamile kuvulwa, lapho ingxenye ethintekile yelungu isuswe khona.
Njengoba i-adenoma ye-gland gland ingokwalabo abahlambalaza, uma izinyathelo zithathwa ngesikhathi esifanele, izibikezelo ziyavuma, nakuba zingadinga ushintsho oluthile endleleni yokuphila. Isibonelo, ngokususwa okuphelele kwegciwane le-thyroid, isiguli siyodinga ukuthatha imithi yama-hormone njalo.