I-Sinusitis, izimpawu ezingase zibe khona futhi zibonwe njengezibonakaliso zezinye izifo, ezingathí sina, izifo, zingasheshe zenze izinkinga ezingenangqondo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa izifo ezivela e-rhinitis elula bese uphendula ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa okubuhlungu.
Kuyini isonousitis futhi kuyingozi kangakanani?
Ukuze siqonde kahle umbuzo walokho okwenziwe yi-genyantritis, ake siphendule ekutheni sisetshenziswe kanjani nesimo semvelo futhi sicabange okwesikhashana isakhiwo sangaphakathi sekhaleni nezakhiwo eziseduze ezixhunywe nakho. Isigxobo somswakama, esivela phakathi kwesigxobo somlomo, izisekelo zeso kanye ne-anterior cranial fossa, ukuqala kwendlela yokuphefumula. Ixhumana nemvelo ngokusebenzisa amaconsi kanye ne-choana - nge-pharynx, ehlanganiswe ne-membrane emangcwabeni futhi ihlukaniswe yi-septum ibe ngamashumi amabili.
Imisebenzi esemqoka yempumpi yilezi: ukufudumala nokugxilisa umoya ngokuphefumlelwa, ukuvikelwa ezigulini, ukubunjwa kwezwi kanye nabanye. Ukusebenza okuvamile kwalesi sitho akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kosizo lweminyango exhunyaniswe nayo - iziphambeko ze-paranasal (okutholakala kuzo) ezisezintanjeni ezingxenyeni zobuso be-skull. Enye yamagama abo yisono. Izono ziyimifantu evelele yomoya, futhi ihlanganiswe nezicubu ezinamaqabunga, ezihlangene namavesi emanzini ngokusebenzisa ama-anastomoses amancane. Ingqikithi kunezono ezingu-4 - ezintathu zihanjiswa futhi ezingu-1 zingasebenzi.
Izono ezinkulu kunabo bonke ohlangothini lwempumu emgqeni ongaphezulu futhi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-maxillary sinuses. Ukuvuvukala kwendwangu yamangqamuzana yesinus maxillary, okuyinto ethize ye- sinusitis (ukuvuvukala kwesono), kuthiwa yi-sinusitis. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenxa yesikhukhuni, ukukhanya kwe-anastomosis kunciphisa futhi kutholakala isikhala sendawo, ukuvuthwa kwayo nokuhlanzwa kuyaphazanyiswa, okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic.
Izinqubo zokuvuvukala kule ndawo ziyingozi ngenxa yokusondela kwezitho ezinjalo ezibalulekile njengobuchopho namaso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka ngegazi le-lymph kungathathwa ezifwini ezikude. Futhi uma i-pathology iqalwa, kungenzeka ukubhubhisa izindonga zethambo zesinasi, enemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Izinkinga ezivamile zesinusitis, izimpawu zazo ezitholakale ziphuzile kakhulu, zingukuthi:
- i-otitis media;
- i-tonsillitis ;
- i-meningitis;
- ubunzima bobuchopho ;
- i-phlegmon cellulose orbit;
- i-sepsis;
- i-pyelonephritis;
- i-myocarditis.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-genyantritis?
Kuye ngokusabalalisa kwenqubo, uhlobo lwezinkambo zayo nezici zokubangela, ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezinjalo zesinusitis:
- eyodwa-eceleni - ngokuvuvukala kwesinye sinus;
- emazweni amabili - ngokunqotshwa kokubili kwezono zama-maxillary;
- i-acute - ayidluli ngaphezu kwamaviki angu-3-4;
- sinusitis engapheli - ngeklasi elide ngezikhathi zokukhuphula nokukhululwa;
- i-catarrhal - ekhonjiswe ukuphuma kwe-mucus-serous;
- ukuphefumula - ukuvutha kwamagciwane nokubunjwa kwe-pus;
- i-cystic-polypous-inflammation, ebonakala ngokukhula kwesifo samathambo.
Catarrh we-maxillary sinusitis
I-sinusitis yama-single noma yamazwe amabili angamazwe angama-soyingi ngokuvamile isigaba sokuqala sokuvuvukala kwe-mucosa, lapho ikhula futhi iveza inani elidlulele le-mucoid-serous exudate ebonakalayo. Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa noma ukukhishwa okuncane kwendlela yokudoba, ukukhishwa akukhambeli emgodini wezintambo, kodwa kuhlanganisa, okwenyuka ukwanda kwezingcindezi.
Sinusitis ephuthumayo
Ifomu le-purulent liqala ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwe-catarrhal engalashwa noma enganaki. Esikhathini samakhemikhali aqoqayo esonus, amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic aqala ukuthuthukisa, ngokuphendula ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenze kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwama-leukocyte angena ekugxilweni kokutheleleka ukulwa nawo. Umphumela walokhu ukubunjwa kwe-pus kwi-sinus maxillary. Okuyingozi ikakhulukazi i-maxillary sinusitis yamazwe amabili.
I-cystic-polyposis sinusitis
Izinhlobo ezinjalo zesifo esinokukhubazeka okungavamile kwezicubu zesinasi, njenge-cystic noma i-polyposis sinusitis, kuvame ukuqhubeka nezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezingapheli. Ukutholakala kwendawo ye-lesion ezimweni eziningi kunhlangothi eyodwa. Ama-polyps kanye nama-cysts, okuyiziqu ezikhula kahle, angakhula iminyaka, agcwalise isikhala sonke sesisithi, avimbele i-anastomosis futhi enze kube nzima ukuphefumula.
I-Sinusitis - izimbangela
Sihlonza izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-sinusitis:
- Izifo zokuphefumula (i-viral, ibhaktheriya, i-fungal);
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukungafani okuzalwa noma okutholakele kokusebenza komzimba wesisu (isb. ukuvuthwa kwe-septum );
- ukulimala kwendlela yokuphefumula;
- Izifo zamazinyo omhlathi ophezulu (caries, periodontitis, granulomas yezimpande zamazinyo).
Ezimweni eziningi, ukuvuvukala kwe-sinus sinuses kuvela ngemuva kwezifo zokuphefumula eziyingozi zomsuka wegciwane, lapho umqubu we-nasal cavity uphatheka khona. Ngokwezibalo, zonke i-ARVI yeshumi iyinkimbinkimbi yi-sinusitis. Njengoba ukwelashwa okungalungile, ukwehlisa amandla omzimba, ukuguqulwa kwe-bacterium, isisindo sesisindo sesifo sifaka le flora.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-sinusitis?
Izimpawu zesinusitis zixhomeke esimweni sesifo. Uma i-sinusitis ekhulayo ikhula, izimpawu zayo zizwakala kakhulu, zikhula ngokushesha ngemva kwesici esicasulayo (ukuhlukumezeka, ukutheleleka ngegciwane). Izimpawu zesifo se-sinusitis ezingapheliyo zivame ukuba nezithambile, ezizungezile, kodwa zisekhona isikhathi eside. Ifomu elingapheli lifana nemibonakaliso yemitholampilo enesisindo esibucayi, esakhiwa ngesikhathi se-hypothermia, umphumela we-irritants emphefumulweni wokuphefumula, njalonjalo.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-maxillary sinusitis
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-sinusitis, izimpawu zingabonakala kakade ngosuku lwesibili lwesithathu lesi sifo. Lokhu kufaka:
- ukuhlanganiswa kwamanoni okuhlala unomphela, ubunzima bokuphefumla komzimba;
- ukuphuma emakhaleni ahlukile;
- ukugeleza kwe-mucus phansi kodonga olungasemva kwe-nasopharynx, okubangela ukuphefumula nokukhwehlela;
- izwi elimsindo;
- umkhuhlane;
- i-malaise jikelele;
- ikhanda;
- ukuhlukumeza endaweni yesono esivuthayo;
- ukwephula iphunga, ukunambitha izinzwa.
Izimpawu zesinusitis, izimpawu - lapho zibuhlungu khona?
Ubuhlungu ku-genyantritis bugxila endaweni ebusweni komunye oyedwa noma zombili izinhlangothi zamacala amaphiko ekhaleni, ngaphansi kwamehlo, lapho kukhona khona amasono maxillary. Kule ndawo, kungase kube nokuvuvukala okuncane, futhi ngokucindezela, ukwanda kwezinzwa ezibuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlungu buthatha umlingiswa ocacile lapho ikhanda likhonjiswe phansi, ngenkathi ligoqa. Ukuzizwa kuvame ukubonakala njengokucindezela, ukuqhuma, ukudonsa, ukudonsa. Iziguli eziningi zikhononda ngekhanda elivamile, ubuhlungu endaweni phakathi kwamashiya, emgodleni oweduze eduze nemikhosi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukushisa kwe-genyantritis njalo?
Kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi ukushisa kwama-genyantritis akusiyo njalo, ngakho-ke ngisho lapho kungekho khona umkhuhlane, umuntu akakwazi ukucabanga ukuthi akukho lutho olubi olwenzekayo. Ngokuvamile ukwanda kwe-thermometer kumamaki angu-37-38.5 ºC kubhalwe ngendlela ehlukumezayo ye-pathology, ebonisa umzabalazo osebenzayo wezinto eziphilayo nezifo zokutheleleka. Esikhathini senqubo ye-catarrhal futhi uma kwenzeka sinusitis engapheli, izinga lokushisa lingase lihlale ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile.
Khipha ekhaleni ngegenyantritis
I-Sinusitis, izimpawu ezibandakanya ukubonakala kokukhishwa emakhaleni, zihlukaniswa ngokwemvelo yazo. Ngokuya ngesibangela nesigaba sesilonda, ukuphuma okuvela emgodini ongasese kungaba:
- inqwaba - ibonisa ukuthi izono azivinjelwe, futhi kukhona ukuphuma kwe-mucus okukhiqizwayo;
- abampofu-ukhuluma ngokuvinjelwa okuphelele noma okuncane kwamadaysi amancane;
- obala - oboniswe enqubo ye-catarrhal;
- oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - luvame ukunamathiselwa kwe-bacterium pathogenic microflora;
- ophuzi - uphawu lokucubungula;
- nokuphuma kwegazi emakhaleni ne-genyantritis, equkethe imivimbo yamanzi, kungenxa ye-fragility yezingodo ezithweni (ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile izidakamizwa ze-vasoconstrictive noma ukushaya okukhulu).
Ukuxilongwa kwegenyantritis
Njengoba izimpawu ze-genyantritis zingasuswa, ukuhlola udokotela we-ENT akukuvumeli njalo ukuba uthole ukuhlonza okuqondile, ukuqonda uhlobo lwendalo yesifo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izifundo ze-instrument and laboratory ziqokwe:
- I-X ray - ku-genyantritis, lena yindlela ejwayelekile yokuxilongwa, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uthola ukuqina okungavamile kwendwangu yamangqamuzana yesimiso, ngeso lengqondo ubuhle obungasetshenzisiwe futhi unqume izinga lamanzi aqoqiwe kuzo ngokuya ngobukhulu bemithunzi esithombeni.
- I-tomography ehlanganisiwe - le ndlela inconywa uma kucatshangwa nge-sinusitis, izimpawu zazo eziqinisekiswa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kepha ukuxilongwa kwe-X akuyikuqinisekisa lokhu. Le ndlela inembile kakhulu futhi inolwazi, ngendlela isimo sesimo sinesimo esingcono ngayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele - kungabonisa i-leukocytosis kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation, esibonisa inqubo yokuvuvukala.
- I-Bakposev kwi-microflora ye-punctate ye-sinilla maxillary - isifundo sihlose ukukhomba i-agent causative yokutheleleka nokunquma ubuzwe be-pathogen emithi ethile. Le nqubo encane inqunywe ezimweni ezihlukile uma kunezifo ezinzima, ingozi enkulu yezinkinga, kanye nokuphumelela kwemithi yokwelashwa.
Sinusitis - yini okufanele uyenze?
Esikhathini lapho isithombe somtholampilo sibonisa ukuthi ukuvuvukala kwesono se-maxillary kuthuthukiswe ngemuva kwesifo sokuphefumula kwesifo senhliziyo esiyingozi (ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwe-pathology kwakungaphambi kwezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, impumu egijima, ukukloloda, njll), akudingeki ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Into eyinhloko okufanele uyenze uma i-genyantritis isesiteji se-catarrhal ukuqhuba njalo ukuhlanzeka kwesigxobo somswakama usebenzisa izixazululo ze-saline nokuqapha i-microclimate egumbini ukuze kuvinjelwe i-mucus ekumeni nokuqina.
Isimo se-bacterial and fungal lesi sifo sidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial and antitifungal, okumele udokotela abekwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa okulondolozayo kungabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa:
- amaconsi e-vasoconstrictive (Pharmazoline, Naphthysine , i- Vibrocil );
- ama-antihistamine (u-Erius, i-Loratadin, i-Cetrin);
- izixazululo ze-antiseptic (Chlorfillipt, i-Miramistin);
- i-mucolytics (i-Ambroxol, i-ATSTS).
Kwezinye izimo, ukukhipha amanzi kanye nokuhlanza izimonyo kunqunywe yi-"cuckoo" noma ukukhishwa kwesono, i-physiotherapy (i-ultraphonophoresis, inhalation nezinye). Uma ukwelashwa okunjalo kungabangeli imiphumela, ukukhishwa kwe-sinus okuhlinzekwayo kusetshenziselwa ukukhipha uketshezi lwe-pathogenic fluid nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo.