Umuntu ufunda izwe elizungezile, okokuqala, ngokusebenzisa izinzwa, ukuhlukaniswa okuyizinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ngenxa yabo, ithonya labo ema-receptors emzimbeni womuntu ngamunye, sifunda ngezakhiwo zezinto ezihlukahlukene, izimo zeqiniso, njll.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinzwa ezengqondo
Ososayensi abavela emhlabeni jikelele baye bazama iminyaka eminingi bezama ukunikeza izinzwa ukuhlukaniswa okunembile, ngokusekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezimfundiso, izimiso. Enye yezingqinamba kunazo zonke yilawo okusetshenziselwa indlela yezinga (umsunguli we-English neurologist G. Head):
- Ukuzwela kohlobo lwe-protopathic kubhekwa njengokuqala esikhathini sokuvela futhi okudala kakhulu. Ixhumano eliseduze namazwe angokomzwelo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ayinalo okufana kakhulu nezinqubo zokucabanga. Lezo zindlela ezibhekisela kuzo, kubhekwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngamazwi.
- Ukuzwela kwe-epicritic yiyona ehluke ngokuphelele yezinhlobo zangaphambilini. Siyabonga ukuthi kunezinhlobo zamagama okuzwa (ngokwesibonelo, ophuzi, ompunga, kodwa hhayi "iphunga lekhofi", "iphunga elimnandi").
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwezinzwa ngezinga lobuchwepheshe bomzimba ngamunye kungathandwa kakhulu:
- Ukusakaza kubonakala njengomphumela wokuvezwa kokukhanya. Isitho esibona lezi zizwa yilona i-retina yegobolondo leso.
- Okucacile kubonisa iphunga nakho konke okuhlobene nabo. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezidakayo ziyangena ku-nasopharynx, ngokuqondile ngqo engxenyeni yayo engenhla, isebenza kumhlaziyi we-analyzer.
- I-Auditory ibona sengathi ikhona yamandla ahlukene (ukuthula noma okuzwakalayo), ikhwalithi (umsindo, ukudlala ithuluzi lomculo), nokuphakama (phezulu nokuphansi).
- Izinzwa ezithinta inhliziyo zibonisa imiphumela ebuhlungu ebangelwa izinto zangaphandle, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinto ezizungezile.
- Ama-flavour adlulisa ezinye zezinto zamakhemikhali ezithintekayo kumathe noma amanzi.
Izinhlobo nokuhlelwa kwezinzwa zisathuthuka, ngoba phakathi neminyaka embalwa edlule, izimiso ezintsha ze-systematization yazo zenziwe, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ulwazi lwesayensi lwenqubo ngayinye yesistimu yezinzwa lande.
Ukuhlukaniswa nezindawo zokuzwa
Inzwa ngayinye inezakhiwo ezilandelayo:
- isimilo noma isici (ngakho-ke, ukuzwa kwefomu elibukwayo lokhu kungaboniswa ngethoni yombala);
- indawo yangakini (ukuhlushwa, ukuhlushwa kwengqondo endaweni ethile yomzimba);
- ukuxhuma;
- ukushintshashintsha kwenzwa (ukuguquguquka ezingeni lokubonakaliswa kwesimo esithile ngokuya komthelela wesimo esithile kuso).