Ulwazi olunengqondo lomhlaba jikelele - namafomu ayisisekelo

Sekuyiminyaka eminyaka, ososayensi nabafilosofi bephikisana, kungenzeka yini ukufezekisa iqiniso eliphelele, ingabe isintu sikwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele izwe elihlala kulo? Ukuze sithole ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa mayelana nezwe elisizungezile, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa insimu (ukuqondiswa kwemimoya) noma i-rationalism (ukuqonda okuqondakalayo). Amakhophi amaningi aphulwa ngamadoda afundiwe, ngomzamo wokuqonda ukuthi yikuphi okulungile kakhulu, kodwa isinqumo sokugcina asikadluli. Kuyini ukuhlelwa kwemicabango?

Kuyini ukuqonda okuqondakalayo?

Ukuhlelwa kwemicabango noma ukuqonda ngendlela enengqondo kuyindlela yokuthola ulwazi, ngokusekelwe kolwazi olutholakala ngosizo lokucabanga. Lona umehluko ovela ekungqondweni, okubeka ukugcizelela imizwa. Igama livela kulesi-Latin elithi ratio. Manje iphuzu lombono lamukelwa, ngokusho ukuthi izwe liyaziwaphi, futhi ukucabanga ngendlela ezwakalayo nokuzwela yizingxenye ezidingekayo zalolu hlelo.

I-Rational Knowledge Philosophy

Ukwaziswa okunengqondo kwifilosofi kuyindlela yokwenza inqubo yokutadisha into yokucwaninga ngokungakhethi, ngokuzimela ngesimo sengqondo somuntu oyiphrofayli, abalandeli bezinhlelo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakuyi-Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Hegel nezinye izazi zefilosofi. Bathi umbono wezinzwa ungahlinzeka ngolwazi oluqala kuphela olungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokoqobo, ngakho-ke ingqondo kufanele isetshenziswe emazingeni aphezulu okuqonda.

Izinhlobo zokwazi okunengqondo

Izinga langokomqondo lokuqondisisa lingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili, ngokutadisha ngokuhlukile into.

1. Inani-usizo lomuntu . Njengoba igama lisho ukuthi, lezi zingqungquthela ze-rationalism zihlotshaniswa nezinto ezinjengokungacabangi njengesiko kanye nezincazelo ezifakwe kuso isintu. Kodwa lokhu kuyimbono yokubuka nje. Ukuze uzwisise incazelo endalweni ethize, ukuqonda umlayezo womdali, noma, ngokuphambene, ukunamathisela le ncazelo futhi wenze umyalezo uqondeke, kuyadingeka, kufaka phakathi ukuqonda komqondo.
2. Okuqondakalayo nomqondo . Lolu hlobo lwolwazi lusebenza ngezinto ezingabonakali, "ezihle" futhi luhlose ukuveza ukuxhumana nezici ezivamile. Ukuphumelela kakhulu kusetshenziswe kwezobuchwepheshe, izibalo, ezemvelo nezenhlalakahle.

Ukuqashelwa okunembile kwezimpawu

Ulwazi olunengqondo lwezwe lusebenza ngamathuluzi alandelayo:

• ukuhlonza izici ezivamile zezinto ezibonakalayo;
• ukungaqondakali kusuka eziciweni zabo;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zolwazi oluhambisana nenqubo yokucabanga;
• ukuxhumana nolimi.

Amafomu wolwazi olunengqondo

Ngisho nososayensi basendulo bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisisekelo zokwazi okunengqondo: umqondo, isahlulelo, inkulumo. Ngamunye wabo ubalulekile futhi ophawulekayo, kodwa kusukela ekubukeni kwinkimbinkimbi yezinqubo zengqondo, indlela ephakeme kakhulu yokuqonda okungenangqondo iyincazelo.

1. Umqondo yigama lento yokutadisha, enezici: ivolumu - yonke into ephethe leli gama, nokuqukethwe - zonke izimpawu ezizichaza. Umqondo kufanele ube oqondile, ongaqondakali futhi ungathwali izici zokuhlola.
2. Isiphakamiso . Ixhuma imiqondo komunye nomunye, imelela umcabango ophelele ongaba yiqiniso (i-Sun iyinkanyezi), amanga (i-Sun ijikeleze umhlaba) noma ahambisani nhlangothi (uhambo ngemoto). Isiphakamiso ngasinye kufanele sibe nezakhi ezintathu: isihloko sokwahlulelwa - lokho okushiwoyo kungaboniswa yincwadi S; Isibikezelo - okukhulunywe ngakho ngale ndaba kuboniswe nguP; isiqhema, ngesiRussia kaningi sishiywa noma sithathwe esikhundleni sedashi.
3. I-inference iyinhlangano ephakeme kunazo zonke futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yokuqonda, emele iziphetho ezifanele ekuxhumaneni kwezigwebo eziningana. Into enzima kunazo zonke ukuthi isiphetho kufanele senziwe ngawo wonke ama-nuances angase abe khona kanye nobuhlobo bezigwebo ezicatshangelwe futhi kufanele ziboniswe. Izahlulelo ngesisekelo esiphethweni esenziwe ngazo kuthiwa amaphakheji.

Izindlela zokwaziswa okunengqondo

Izinhlobo ezintathu zokuqaphela okuqondakalayo zisebenza ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokutadisha izinto ezitholakala kuphela ekufundiseni.

1. I-Idealizing - enikeza into ekhona ezweni langempela elihle kakhulu into enjalo, izici.
2. Ukufometha kuyindlela yokudala izithombe ezingabonakali ngosizo lokucabanga okunengqondo. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha amafomula achaza izinto ezithile zangempela.
3. Indlela ye-axiomatic isekelwe ekwakheni okushiwo yizitshalo ezingadingi ubufakazi.
4. Indlela ye-hypothetico-deductive isitatimende esithathwe ezitatimendeni ezingavumelekile.
5. Ukuhlolwa . Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda okuqondakalayo endleleni yokuzama kwengqondo ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwento enhle eyenziwa engqondweni.
6. Izindlela zomlando nezengqondo zithintana ngokuqondile futhi zimelela ukutadisha into kusuka ekubukeni komlando wayo, njll. Lokho ayekuyo ngesikhathi esithile ngesikhathi esithile, futhi logical, okungukuthi, imithetho yentuthuko yayo.