Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, ukhukhamba ngokuvamile uhlushwa izifo ezihlukahlukene - ezithathelwanayo, ezifubeni, ezinamagciwane. Lezi zifo zidala umonakalo omkhulu emasikweni, ukunganaki yonke imizamo yabalimi beloli nokunciphisa isivuno.
Ukuze uphumelele ngokumelene nengozi futhi ngesikhathi esifanele uyiqaphele, udinga ukwazi ngezifo ezikhona zekhukhamba bese uzilwa nazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi iziphi ukhukhamba zikhona , futhi uthole ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.
Izifo eziyinhloko zamakhukhamba namalungiselelo ezivela kubo
Ngakho, ezivame kakhulu izifo ezilandelayo:
- Umkhuhlane we-powdery uthinta amahlumela ekhukhamba ngokuvamile kaningi. Kubonakala sengathi isiko eligulayo kanje: amaqabunga neziqu zamakhukhamba ahlanganiswe ne-patch emhlophe noma enomzimba njengamabala okugcina ekugcineni. Khona-ke leli qabunga liqala ukuphuzi futhi lome, futhi i-fruiting iphela. Umkhuhlane we-powdery uthinta izitshalo ezibhekene nokungabi nomswakama noma ukushisa, kanye nokudla okungaphezulu komanyolo we-nitrogen. Ngokumelene nalesi sifo, ama-fungicide "I-Topaz", "Topsin", i-sulfur colloidal, i-oxychloride yethusi, isisetshenziswa somuthi: i-mullein ukumnika, ubisi obomuncu obuxutshwe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo ngamanzi, isisombululo samasobho okugqoka i-soda kanye nesafensi.
- I-Peronosporosis, noma i-downy isikhutha , isifo esiyingozi se-fungal. Kungacasulwa ngokuphuza isitshalo ngamanzi abandayo, ukuqina kwezitshalo, ukungabikho kwemigomo yezolimo. Lapho i-peronosporose emaqabunga amakhukhamba avela izindawo ezincane zombala ophuzi okhanyayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani labo liyakhula, njengoba kwenza ubukhulu bamabala ngokwabo, futhi amaqabunga agqamile futhi abune. Isifo se-Downy powdery singathinta isitshalo kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Njengoba "i-ambulensi" ekutholeni izibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo, yeka noma yikuphi ukondla nokuphuza ukhukhamba, kanti lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngesisombululo esifudumele se-chloride yethusi noma i-Bordeaux fluid (ingxube ye-copper sulfate ne-lime).
- Enye isifo esikulesi sifo samakhukhamba , kokubili ukushisa nokuhlanzwa ezindaweni ezivulekile, yi- cladosporium . Ithinta izithelo neziqu zesitshalo, ezimbozwe izilonda ezinombala obomvu, izinsuku eziningana ziba mnyama futhi zikhula ngobukhulu. Amaqabunga amakhukhamba ahlanganiswa nezincane ezincane, ezomile futhi ziwa. Ngoba le cladosporium ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi indawo yomnqumo emnyama. Isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwe-cladosporium yizinhlamvu ze-fungus, ezithintekayo ezitshalweni zezitshalo zeminyaka edlule. Ukuze usize ukhukhamba unqobe lesi sifo esiyingozi, esingalimaza sonke isivuno, udinga ukuthatha lokhu okulandelayo. Yeka ukuchelela izinsuku ezimbalwa, lapho uzama ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa (ukuvala ukushisa ebusuku noma ukumboza izitshalo ngefilimu). Kudingeka ukhukhamba ogulayo kanye nokwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile: kungaba "Oksihom", podzazol, isisombululo se-0,4% se-chloride yethusi noma isixazululo se-1% se-Bordeaux liquid.
- Ukubola okumhlophe, noma i-sclerotinia , kulula kakhulu ukubona. Esitshalweni esithintekile siqala ukuvela emzimbeni omhlophe wokuvela emangcwabeni, okwenza kube mnyama. Iziqu zimbozwe ngezingubo ezimhlophe eziqhubekayo, ziba buthaka futhi zilula, bese zibola. Njengokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukusika izindawo ezithintekayo zibe izicubu ezinempilo, futhi usike izingxenye ngamalahle. Isixazululo somsoco (ingxube ye-urea, i-copper sulfate, i-zinc sulphate namanzi) nayo inqunyelwe amakhukhamba agula.
- Lapho kwenzeka ukubola okwempunga, izingxenye zesitshalo zigcwele izindawo ezimnyama ngezingubo ezimpunga. Lesi sifo se-bacterial sibonakala ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi kanye nokunciphisa okushisa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma kutholakala i-gray grey, wonke amaqabunga abathintekile, iziqu nezithelo kufanele zisuswe, kanti izingxenye ziphathwa nge-fungicide "Bayleton" noma "Rovral".
Manje uyakwazi ukuvikela ukhukhamba ezifweni. Futhi ukuthi izinkinga ezinjalo azikukhathazi nokutshala kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi ugcine ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, ungatshala ukhukhamba endaweni efanayo (zingabuyiselwa embhedeni omdala hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-4), futhi uchithe izitshalo njalo ngamanzi afudumele.
