I- Psychological Cognitive ingenye yezici ezithandwa kakhulu kwengqondo yezesayensi yangaphandle. Uma sikhuluma ngokuhunyushwa kwangempela kwegama layo, kusho "ukuqonda". Ivela ema-60s kwekhulu lama-XX e-USA futhi yenza njengento ehlukile yokuziphatha.
Isiqondiso sokuqondisisa sihlola ukuthi umuntu uthola kanjani, uthola ulwazi mayelana nezwe elikuzungezile, njengoba kubonakala kuye, ligcinwe enkumbulo yakhe, liguqulwe libe ngolwazi futhi, ekugcineni, ukuthi amakhono atholakalayo ekuziphatheni kwakhe kwengqondo kuthonya kanjani ukuziphatha komuntu siqu, ukunakekelwa. Lezi ziqondiso zihlanganisa izinqubo eziningi zokucabangela: ukuqala ngezinzwa, ukuqaphela izithombe ezungeze ngamunye wethu nokuphelelwa inkumbulo, ukwakha ukucabanga, izethulo ezithile.
The Revolution of Foreign Psychology
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi lokhu, kunalokho okusha, ukuqondiswa kwengqondo. Kukhona izimpikiswano ezinzima zalokhu. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ema-20-yekhulu le-XX, abambalwa be-intelligentsia besayensi bafunda ukuqonda, ukucabanga, ukumelwa, njll. Izazi zengqondo ze-United States ngaleso sikhathi zikhohliwe ngakho. Kanti, umsunguli we-behaviorism Watson wabheka ukuthi akufanelekile ukusebenzisa lemigomo engenhla, futhi abameleli be-psychoanalysis bahlanganyela ekucwaningeni izidingo, izinhloso, izimo zomuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, abacwaningi abaningi bathatha ukuvela kwegatsha elisha ekhanda lokusebenza kwengqondo ngenkuthalo enkulu nangomdlandla omkhulu, okwaholela ekwandeni kokutholakala kulo mkhakha.
Okubalulekile kwe-Psychology engqondweni
Zakhiwe yi-American psychologist Bek, umhleli we-Center for Cognitive Psychotherapy, e-University of Pennsylvania. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lesi siqondiso sibona umuntu njengesistimu eqhubekayo ekufuneni okuqhubekayo ngolwazi ngazo zonke lezo zihloko, izenzakalo ezakha izwe elizungezile. Ulwazi olutholwa yilowo nalowo luqhutshwa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezehlukene zokulawula (ukunakekelwa, ukuphindaphinda nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha etholiwe engqondweni yabo).
Imemori ku Psychology Engqondweni
Inkumbulo yabantu ifaniswa nememori yekhompyutha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ucwaningo lwakhe lunikeze imiphumela engaphezulu kakhulu iminyaka eminingana kunayo yonke yangaphambili ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi. Mayelana nalokhu, "isichazamazwi sekhompyutheni" samukelwa, esiletha izakhiwo eziningi ezihlobene phakathi kwememori yomuntu kanye nekhompyutha. Ngakho, inkumbulo, kanye nokucabanga kwengqondo yokucabanga, kubonakala njengento ebalulekile yenqubo yonke yokucubungula noma yiluphi ulwazi. I-Cognitivists ibeke umgomo wokufunda ukuthi lolu lwazi, olutholakala kumemori we-episodic, luya kolwazi oluyisisekelo.
Isazi sezengqondo saseMelika uNaisser sasikholelwa ukuthi inkumbulo yokukhumbula (ehlala cishe imizuzwana engu-25 futhi emele ukulondolozwa kwezithombe ezitholakala ngendlela yamathonya anomqondo) kuqala kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo zememori zendawo.
Psychology Humanistic and Cognitive
I-Humanistic, njenge-psychology engqondweni, ivele, ngokungafani nezimfundiso zokuziphatha kanye ne-psychoanalysis. Isihloko socwaningo lwayo ngumuntu onempilo onomgomo onomgomo wokuziphendulela. Ummeli ocacile walo mkhuba unguMaslow. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umthombo oyinhloko womsebenzi womuntu ngamunye yisifiso sakhe esiqhubekayo sokuziveza.