Ukuzwa ukwesaba kungokwemvelo futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yengqondo yomuntu. Ukwesaba okwavela ngenxa yokubhekana nengozi, kwaholela ekubenileka futhi kulondolozwe impilo. Ngezinye izikhathi kubangelwa noma yikuphi, "ukunamathela" kumuntu, kukhula isikhathi esiningi njengebhola le-snowball, lizithoba ngokuphelele. Ukwesaba abantu ngenye yezinkathazo ezinjalo, okwenqabela intando.
Iyini igama lokwesaba kwabantu?
Ukwesaba kunegama lesayensi - i-anthropophobia, eyakhiwe kusuka emazwini amabili asendulo esiGreki: ἄνθρωπος - umuntu, φόβος - ukwesaba. Ukwesaba abantu - uhlobo lwe-phobia yomphakathi oluhlobene neuroses, ku-International Directory of Classification of Diseases, lubhalwe ngaphansi kwekhodi F 40 - phobic anxiety disorders. Umhlengikazi waseMelika u-G. Sullivan ukholelwa ukuthi ukuze aqonde isizathu esabangele ama-phobia, kubalulekile ukuba "uhlukanise umthamo" wobuhlobo bomuntu obhekene nokwesaba nabanye abantu abasendaweni yakhe eseduze.
Izizathu zokuthi kungani kubonakala ukungezwani kwemvelo:
- umama onamahloni, ohlala esesimweni sokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, unikeza uphawu lwakhe engqondweni yengane yengane "ukwesaba kungokwemvelo!";
- ubudlova, ukuhlukunyezwa ebuntwaneni;
- ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi ebuntwaneni;
- izici zobuntu (ukusola okwandayo, ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka);
- uhlobo lwe-psychasthenic yobuntu;
- i-psychotrauma;
- ukuhlekwa usulu ebuntwaneni nasekukhuleni.
Ukwesaba abantu - ama-phobia
Wonke ama-phobias abonakala ngesifo esithile esifanayo, esivela ekuphenduleni okwenzekayo endaweni yento yokwesaba. Kulokhu, ukucwaswa kwemvelo kuhlongozwa ezindaweni eziningana (kuzo zonke, kunezingu-100 zazo):
- ohlofobiya (demophobia) - ukwesaba izixuku zabantu noma ukuxubana kwabantu kwabantu endaweni eyodwa;
- I-Haptophobia - ukuthinta abantu abangabazi kubangela ukwesaba;
- gomilofobiya - ukwesaba ukukhuluma nabantu abangabazi;
- ukuhlukumezeka - ukwesaba ukubuka amehlo;
Kukhona nezinhlobo ezingavamile ze-anthropophobia:
- ukwesaba abantu abakhuluphele;
- ukwesaba okubomvu nokwehliswa;
- ukwesaba asebekhulile;
- ukwesaba abantu besizwe esithile;
- ukwesaba kulabo abagqoka intshebe namadevu noma ngokuphambene nalokho bahlambulukile.
Izibonakaliso ezivamile zokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nokuhlukahluka kwe-anthropophobia:
- ukuzithokozisa komuntu ngaphakathi kuye;
- indlela yokuphila yodwa;
- inzondo kubantu abangabazi;
- Ungathandi futhi ungathandeki uma uhlasela isikhala somuntu ongenabantu abaningi.
Izimpawu ezingokwemvelo ku-anthropophobia:
- ukuthuthumela emzimbeni wonke;
- izikhukhula;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanza;
- ukuhlasela kwe-panic attack;
- imicabango engapheliyo.
Ukwesaba isixuku esikhulu
I-Demophobia iyinkimbinkimbi encane yokufunda i-neurotic ebonisa ukuthi ukwesaba inani elikhulu labantu. Imithombo yalokhu kwesaba ingaba yinoma yikuphi inkumbulo yobuntwana ehambisana nezimo ezingathandeki ezenzeka nabantu abaningi. Ukwesaba ukuxubana kungase kwakha futhi lapho umuntu esekhulile, lapho isenzo samaphekula endaweni egcwele abantu, ukulwa noma ngisho nokubulala, kungase kube yisisusa sokwesaba okukhulu.
Ukwesaba ukuthinta abantu abangabazi
Ukwesaba kwabantu kuhluka kakhulu kangangokuthi izindlela ezenza lokhu noma ukuthi ukwesaba akugcini ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umuntu angakhula emndenini ojabulayo, onothando, kodwa lokhu akuqinisekisi ukuthi uyokhululeka ekuthusheni okukhulu. I-Haptophobia - uhlobo olunqabile lwe-anthropophobia, lubonakala njengokwesaba kokuthinta abantu abasondelene nabangaphandle. Amanye amagama alokhu kwesaba:
- i-gaffefobia;
- i-aphenmosfophobia;
- I-Haptophobia.
Izimbangela ze-haptophobia:
- i-autism i-spectrum disorders;
- schizophrenia eqhubekayo;
- ukufisa okukhulu komuntu ukuvikela isikhala sakhe;
- ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi;
- nyanyisa njengendlela yokuziphatha komlingiswa;
- Ukuhlukunyezwa (ukwesaba ukungcola umlomo ngethinta).
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Haptophobia:
- Gwema noma yikuphi ukuthinta komzimba (ukuxhaphaza, ukumbamba, ukumanga);
- abesifazane nabesilisa abasinda ubudlova bangagwema ukuthinta umuntu ocansi owenze izenzo zobudlova;
- ukuzwa imizwa eminingi emibi uma uzama ukubathinta;
- ngokusho kwezincazelo ze haptophobes, kuthinta imbangela phakathi kwazo izibonakaliso ezizwakalayo zokushisa noma ezibandayo.
Ukwesaba ukuxhumana nabantu
Ukwesaba ukuxhumana komphakathi kufaka phakathi wonke ama-phobias ezenhlalakahle. Umuntu ohlala emphakathini uyesaba konke okuhlobene nabanye abantu. Ukwesaba ukuxhumana nabantu kwakha ebuntwaneni ngenxa yokungaqhathanisi noontanga, phakathi nokubonakala komphakathi, okuphelile ekuhlulekeni, konke lokhu kushicilela ekutheni ingane yengqondo yenzeke kuyo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-sociopath yesikhathi esizayo kanye neurotic.
Ukwesaba abantu ababukeka emehlweni
Ukwesaba abantu nomphakathi kungabonakaliswa ngokwesaba, njengoba i-ommatophobia - ukwesaba amehlo. Le phobia engaqondakali futhi engafundile ibonakala ngokwesaba ukubheka i-interlocutor futhi lapho i-interlocutor efunda futhi ebuka ngokucophelela i-anthropophobe. Umbono womuntu ovela ngaphandle ubonakala njengesihluku kanye nokufakwa ngaphakathi kwesikhala somuntu siqu, okubangela ukwesaba nokwesaba. Uhlobo lwesaba "okubi" luhlobo lwe-ommatophobia, umuntu wesaba ukuthi uzoba jinxed noma impango.
Ukwesaba ukukhuluma nabantu
I-Homilophobia - ukwesaba abantu esimweni esibucayi, esiyingozi ngenxa yenkomba engalungile. Ukwesaba ukukhuluma nabantu kungabangelwa ukwesaba ukukhungatheka noma ukunakwa. Umuntu ojwayele i-gomilophobia uhlangabezana nokukhathazeka okukhulu kanye nenjabulo, ngisho nalapho umuntu ebuza umbuzo olula, isibonelo, ukucela iziqondiso - ucabanga ukuthi uzobhekwa njengengqondo futhi engenangqondo. Indlela yokuvela kwe-gomilophobia ayiqondi kahle.
Ukwesaba abantu abangabazi
Le phobia ihambelana nezinga lofuzo kubantu bonke emhlabeni. Ukucwaswa kobulili - kwezinye izinto kuboniswa ngenguqulo ephathelene ne-hypertrophied: inzondo yamanye amaqembu ezizwe, abantu abangamasiko ajwayelekile. Esibonisweni esivamile, umuntu omesaba umphakathi wezihambi uyamesaba futhi wesaba bonke abangesibo izihlobo zakhe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu kumuntu ngokwakhe futhi kuholele ekuzihlukaniseni komphakathi nokulahlekelwa umphakathi.
Ungabhubhisa kanjani ama-phobia social?
Ukuziphathisa ukuphathwa kwe-phobias kungenzeka kuphela uma umuntu ebona ukuthi unenkinga. Phakathi kwama-sociophobes kukhona abaningi abathola ngokuzumayo iqiniso futhi baqonde ukuthi banenkinga yokuphefumula, futhi beqaphela, kunezimpendulo: yini okufanele yenziwe nokuthi ungabeka kanjani ukwesaba abantu? Uma kungekho ithuba lokuvakashela ochwepheshe, esigabeni sokuqala ungalandela izincomo ezilandelayo ukuthi ungabe usaba abantu futhi ube namahloni:
- ukuthola imbangela - kuzosiza ukubona ukugqwetshwa kokwesaba kanye nesipiliyoni esisodwa esingalungile akufanele kube yinkinga yabo bonke impilo;
- umsebenzi oqaphelayo ngemicabango engafanele - ukufaka esikhundleni sabo ngokuhle;
- ukuthatha ukulawula ukwesaba;
- ukuthuthukisa ukuziphatha okusha (ukuqala izinyathelo ezincane ekuqondeni kokwesaba, esikhundleni sokuphendula okujwayelekile kwezindiza).
I-anthropophobia - ukwelashwa
Ezimweni ezimbi, lapho imicabango ekhukhumezayo yenza ukuba ukwesaba kuqede umuntu - indlela yokunqoba ama-phobia ezomphakathi? Ukwesaba abantu - kubhekisela ezinkingeni zokukhathazeka nge-neurotic, ngakho-ke uphathwa njenganoma iyiphi i- neurosis . Ukwelashwa ngokwemithi kuhlanganisa ukubeka isiguli iqembu lezidakamizwa:
- sedative (Validol, Novo-Passit);
- izidakamizwa (Giperecin, isiyaluyalu esisekelwe eSt John's wort);
- izinxushunxushu (Afobazol, Phenazepam).
I-Psychotherapy ekwelapheni kwe-anthropophobia isebenze kahle kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- Inhloso yokuziqhenya - into esemqoka yale ndlela ihlanganisa ukuzama ukufisa lokho umuntu okwesabayo, ukuletha ukwesaba kuze kube yilapho kungenangqondo.
- Ukwelashwa kweqembu ukuqonda-indlela yokuziphatha kuyindlela yokwehliswa okuhleliwe, lapho kunciphisa kancane kancane ekuthintweni ngokomzwelo ezintweni ezibangela ukwesaba.