Escapism (kusukela ekuphumeni kwesiNgisi, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi ukuphunyuka, ukuphunyuka empeleni) kuyisifiso somuntu noma iqembu labantu ukuphunyuka ezindinganisweni zokuphila ezivunyelwe ngokuvamile. Ekuqondeni okuncane kakhulu, isigaba somzwelo sokuphunyuka kwesifiso isifiso sokubalekela izinkinga ngokungena emicabangweni. Indlela yokuphunyuka ingaba yinkambiso, inkolo, ubulili, imidlalo yekhompiyutha - noma yini esetshenzisiwe njengenxephezelo yezinye izinkinga zomuntu ezingaxazululwa.
Escapism: umlando omncane
Ngomqondo obanzi welizwi, ukuphunyuka kungumbuzo wokuziphendulela kanye nomzamo wokucubungula izimiso ezamukelwa emphakathini. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kuhloswe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngezinga eliphakeme lokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, ngoba ukuhlukana okuhlukile emzimbeni jikelele akunakwenzeka, ngoba kuholela ekufeni.
Izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu eziveza umqondo wokuphunyuka komqondo ngomqondo omkhulu kunazo zonke yizinto ezilandelwayo ngabantu abathandwayo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki uHeraclitus (540-480 BC) sabhekana nokuhlambalaza izakhamuzi zase-Efesu, ngenxa yalokho ashiya kulo muzi futhi wasungula ikhaya lakhe ezintabeni, edla ngamagilebhisi nezitshalo. Isibonelo sokungaphumeki singakhonza futhi isazi sefilosofi esidumile uDiogenes, owathi, nakuba ayehlala phakathi kwabantu, kodwa wabonisa ukuthi wayehlukaniswa nemikhuba evunyelwe ngokuvamile ngokulala emgqonyeni.
Kusukela kuleso sikhathi kuze kube yilolu suku, kunezibonelo eziningi zokuphunyuka, okwakubhekwa njengento engalungile: ukuphunyuka ekuqinisweni, okungekho muntu okwakungenakukwazi ukubhekana nezinye izindlela.
Isenzakalo esamukelekayo nesekhulu sokuphunyuka kwemvelo kwaba ukuvela kwezinkolo zamasonto amaningi - UbuBuddha nobuKristu. I-monasticism empeleni iyindlela yokuphunyuka, kodwa leli fomu lihlonishwa. Ngokufanayo, sikhumbula izikhathi zomlando zokushushiswa kwabahlubuki - futhi baphila ngemithetho ehlukene futhi, eqinisweni, futhi bamele omunye wemibonakaliso yokuphunyuka.
Esikhathini sethu, kusukela ekhulwini lama-20, lapho imboni ibilokhu ikhula ngokushesha, izinhlobo ezintsha zokuphunyuka ziye zavela. Manje abakwazi ukubhekwa ngokuzilibazisa okuhlukahlukene kanye nokuzilibazisa okungahambi kahle njengamageyimu okudlala indima, kodwa futhi nezinto ezinzulu njengezidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibonelo esingokomfanekiso sokuphunyuka, esasimfashisa, kwakuyi-movement yama-hippy, amalungu ayo asebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilula nokuphila kwemiphakathi yonke esifubeni semvelo.
Escapism esikhathini sethu
Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka lama-20, ukuphunyuka kwemvelo kuye kwathatha amafomu amasha - manje wonke umuntu angangena ezweni lomdlalo wekhompiyutha, okuvumela ukuba uzwele imizwelo ehlukahlukene futhi uphelele phezulu ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi elingenalutho nezinkinga zangaphandle. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngisho nokujoyina amaqembu akhethekile nemiphakathi yenethiwekhi kungabuye kuthiwe uhlobo lokuphunyuka.
Ukubonakaliswa okungekho ngaphansi kwempahla yokuphunyuka - ukwehla phansi (ngesiNgisi kusho ukuhamba phansi). Kusho
Abanye bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi ukuphunyuka kwempilo kudinga ukwelashwa futhi kuyisifo sengqondo. Abantu abathandekayo ekuholeni indlela enjalo yokuphila bacabanga ukuthi bamane benqabe ukubambisana kwezwe, ngoba bakhathele impilo ejwayelekile, ukucindezeleka okugcwele, ukungaboni kahle, ukusheshisa, ukuphikisana nokuxoshwa.
Eqinisweni, kunzima ukunikeza ukuhlola okungaqondakali kulokhu okwenzekayo - kwakungukuthi, futhi, mhlawumbe kuzohlala kube njalo, okusho ukuthi lokhu kuyinto okumele umphakathi udinge ngezinga elithile.