I-pituitary gland ifihla amakhemikhali ambalwa amakhemikhali alawula umsebenzi wezingqungquthela ze-endocrine, ukugaya umzimba nokuthuthukiswa komzimba. Omunye wala mahomoni yi-somatotropin (somatropin). Ukugxila kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana, intsha, abesifazane kanye nabagijimi.
Iyini i-hormone enesibopho?
Ngesikhathi esencane (kuze kube yiminyaka engu-20), i-chemical compound echazwe ikhishwa ngenani elikhulayo. Kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni okujwayelekile kwamathambo amakhulu, ngakho-ke lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-hormone yokukhula i-hormone. Emva kweminyaka engama-20, lapho isimiso se-musculoskeletal sakhiwa, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kunciphise kakhulu. I-hormone yokukhula (STH) ikhiqiza ezinye imiphumela:
- ivuselela futhi isekele i-T-cell immunity;
- kuqinisa ukujuluka;
- ukwandisa ukuqina kwezimpawu;
- kunciphise inqubo yokuguga;
- kuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla kwe-calcium emathunjini.
Umphumela we-hormone yokukhula ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi
Abagijimi bayayilalela i-STG ngoba ikhono layo lokusheshisa ukushiswa kwamafutha kanye nokwakha imisipha. I-hormone yokukhula ikhiqizwa ngamangqamuzana e-adenohypophysis (ama-somatotrophe), ngokwemvelo yamangqamuzana ifana ne-prolactin ne-lactogen ephansi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abesifazane kufanele futhi balawule ukuhlushwa kwe-STH. Uyathuthukisa umdwebo, uhlinzeka ukwesekwa kwemigqa endaweni yezinhlayiya ze-mammary, kusiza ukugcina intsha nomzimba ofanelekile.
Isenzo se-hormone ye-somatotropic ngezinqubo zokuxuba:
- ukuthuthukisa amaprotheni synthesis nokunciphisa ukubola kwabo;
- isithiyo ekuthunjweni kwezicubu ze-adipose;
- amazinga weglucose wegazi;
- ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-sodium ne-potassium emzimbeni.
I-Assay ye-hormone yokukhula
Ukunquma ngokufanele ukuhlushwa kwezinto ezikulo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukwenza isifundo sebhorithri segazi elibizayo. Kanjani ngokufanele ukunikeza uketshezi oluphilayo kwi-hormone ye-somatotropic yomzimba we-pituitary:
- Usuku ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, susa konke ukudla okunamafutha kusuka kwimenyu.
- Ngokubonisana nodokotela, yeka ukuthatha imithi yamahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokuya esibhedlela.
- Ngesonto lokufunda, gwema ngokweqile ngokomzwelo nangokwenyama. I-hormone yokukhula ikhula ngokuqinile ngemva kokucindezeleka.
- Amahora angu-12 ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, ungadli, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenza ukuhlaziywa ekuseni.
- Ungapheli amahora amathathu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
I-STG ingaphansi kokushintshashintsha phakathi nosuku, iguquka ngokumelene nesizinda sokuhlushwa kwamanye ama-hormone ngisho nesimo sengqondo. Kunconywa ukuba unikele ngegazi izikhathi eziningana futhi ubale inani elilinganiselwe lemiphumela. Okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwe-somatotropin kuxhomeke kocansi:
- abesifazane - kuze kube ngu-8-10 ng / ml;
- amadoda - kufika ku-2-3 ng / ml.
I-hormone yokukhula iyinhlangano evamile ezinganeni
Inani lempahla echazwe egazini lomntwana lihambisana nesikhathi sakhe, izindinganiso eziphezulu zibonakala ngesikhathi sokuthomba. I-hormone yokukhula iyinhlangano evamile ngobudala:
- kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu - 0.43-3.03 ng / ml abafana, 0.37-2.07 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- Iminyaka engu-3-6 - 0,1-1.9 ng / ml yabafana, 0,07-2,17 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- Iminyaka engu-6-9 - 0.13-4.67 ng / ml kubafana, 0.13-2.77 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- kusukela eminyakeni eyi-9 kuya kweyengu-10 - 0.07-0.27 ng / ml kubafana, 0.07-1.7 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- Iminyaka eyi-10-11 - 0.1-5.97 ng / ml kubafana, 0.07-4.07 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- Iminyaka engu-11-12 - 0.13-9.7 ng / ml kubafana, 0.1-7.7 ng / ml emantombazaneni;
- Iminyaka engu 12-13 - 0.17-15.43 ng / ml abafana, 0.1-6.83 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- Iminyaka eyi-13-14 - 0,13-8,57 ng / ml yabafana, 0,1-6,17 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- Iminyaka eyi-14-15 - 0.2-8.67 ng / ml yabafana, 0.1-6.77 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- Iminyaka engu-15-16 - 0.23-10.13 ng / ml abafana, 0.07-9.87 ng / ml yamantombazane;
- Iminyaka engu-16-17 - 0.27-9.37 ng / ml abafana, u-0.2-10.57 ng / ml amantombazane;
- Iminyaka eyi-17-19 - 0,23,73 ng / ml yabafana, 0,83-4,07 ng / ml yamantombazane.
I-hormone yokukhula iphakanyisiwe
Ukuxilongwa ngokweqile kwe-STH kubangelwa ukwelashwa okujulile nokusongela ukuphila. Uma i-hormone ye-somatotropic yanda ezinganeni, i-gigantism iqala. Ukukhula kwengane kuphuthumayo futhi kuhluke kakhulu ezinkomba zontanga. Ngokufanayo, izitho zangaphakathi zanda usayizi. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, i-hormone eyingozi ngokweqile ye-somatotropic iholela ku-acromegaly kanye nezifo nezibonakaliso zayo zezikhonzi:
- ukuqina nokuqina kwesikhumba;
- ukuphunga ngokweqile;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-fat epithelium;
- i-cholesterol eyengeziwe kanye ne-arteriosclerosis yemithwalo yegazi;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus ;
- ukutholakala kwe-calcium emzimbeni;
- ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sezinzwa;
- ukukhuliswa kwezici zobuso kanye nezingxenye zomzimba;
- i-migraines;
- ukunciphisa amandla okubukwa;
- isithuthwane ;
- i-gynecomastia;
- iphunga elibi;
- ukushintshashintsha komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini;
- i-apnea;
- ukungasebenzi kocansi;
- sishintsha ekudleni kanye nekhwalithi yokulala.
Kungani i-hormone yokukhula yanda?
Isizathu esiyinhloko senkinga echazwe yi-tumor ye-pituitary gland, ngakho-ke i-endocrinologists ehlongozwayo iyalulekwa ukuba iqale ukwenza i-magnontic imaging of the brain. Ngezinye izikhathi i-STH ikhuphuka ngenxa yokungahleleki kwezakhi zofuzo:
- I-McCune-Albright Syndrome;
- inkimbinkimbi kaCarney;
- I-Vermeer's syndrome;
- umndeni ongasodwa u-acromegaly.
Uma i-hormone yokukhula iphakanyisiwe enganeni, imbangela ingase ibe izici zesikhashana:
- i-predominance yamaprotheni ekudleni;
- umsebenzi omzimba ojulile;
- indlala;
- ukulala ngokweqile;
- ukwehla ekuhlungeni ushukela egazini;
- isifo sokubamba izakhi emathunjini;
- ukucindezeleka.
Indlela yokunciphisa i-hormone yokukhula?
Ezigaba zokuqala zenkinga ngaphandle kokucindezeleka, imithi ekhethekile imisiwe. Indlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa i-hormone yokukhula ithatha noma iqondise izidakamizwa ezivimbela i-pituitary futhi ikhulule i-STG. Iningi lalezi zidakamizwa zisekelwe ku-somatostatin. I-hormone eyenza i-hypothalamus. Linciphisa ukufihla kwe-chemical compound ehlongozwayo futhi kusiza ukujamisa ukuhlushwa kwayo egazini.
Uma i-hormone yokukhula emntwaneni noma kumuntu omdala ingumphumela wokukhula kwesifo esibuchosheni , ukwelashwa okunamandla kuningi kunganconywa:
- Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa . Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, lesi sifo sinqunywe ngokugcwele noma kancane, ngezinye izikhathi - sinendawo encane ye-pituitary gland.
- Irradiation. Isetshenziswa ezimweni ezikhethekile uma ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungamukeleki.
I-hormone yokukhula iyancipha
Ukungabi nalutho kwalokhu kubhekene nezinkinga, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kunokwedlula ngokweqile. Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula kubantu abadala kubangela:
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukunganakwa;
- ukusheshisa ukuguga;
- izifo ezingenasifo sengqondo;
- kunciphise libido;
- ukucindezeleka;
- i-muscle hypotrophy;
- i-atherosclerosis.
I-hormone yokukhula iyanconywa ezinganeni (i-pituitary nanism) iholela ekulibazisekeni ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba:
- ukukhula okuphansi;
- izici ezincane;
- izinyawo ezinciphile nezandla;
- isikhumba esibi;
- izwi elincane;
- ukungabi khona kwezici zesondo zobunikazi ze-libido ebusheni;
- ukuqala kwesikhathi kokuya esikhathini;
- umuthi osathuthukisiwe.
Kungani i-hormone yokukhula iyancipha?
I-Pituitary Nanism ingaba yindlala futhi izuzwe. Ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa kwengculaza kucatshangelwa yizofuzo, ikakhulukazi uma i-hormone yokukhula iyancipha emntwaneni kusukela ebuntwaneni. Esinye isici sifana nesimo ngokweqile kwe-STH. Ukushintshashintsha kokugonywa kwalo kubangelwa ukukhula kwama-neoplasms esifundeni se-pituitary. Ukunciphisa i-hormone yokukhula kubantu abadala kutholakala ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukuhlinzeka kwangaphambili kokuhlinzwa ebuchosheni;
- i-head irradiation;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- i-craniocerebral trauma;
- ukungalingani kwe-endocrine.
Indlela yokwandisa i-hormone yokukhula?
Ukuxazulula kahle inkinga echazwe, kubalulekile ukusungula ukuthi yini eyabangela. Uma ukwanda kwe-hormone yokukhula kubangelwa ukuba khona kwesisu esinobuthi emgodini we-pituitary, ukukhishwa kwayo kuyodingeka. Kwamanye amacala, ukujwayela kokumaketha kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa ngezindlela ezizimele. Imithi ingakwazi ukuqinisa ngokushesha futhi unomphela i-hormone yokukhula, izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kulokhu:
- Somatropin;
- I-biosome;
- Rastan;
- I-Genotropin;
- I-Humatrop;
- I-Norditropin ne-analogues.
Ukwelashwa kwezingane ngaphezu kwalokho kusetshenziswa amanye amahomoni adingekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwegciwane le-thyroid nokukhulelwa:
- i-estrogens;
- i-testosterone;
- glucocorticosteroids;
- i-progesterone;
- Abalawuli be-thyroid.