I-dystrophy yama- musculazi iyigciwane lesifo esingelapheki esingenasifo esithinta izidumbu zomuntu. Lezi zifo zibhekene nobuthakathaka obuthakathaka bemisipha, kanye nokwehla kwemisipha. Balahlekelwa ikhono lokuthola inkontileka, bashintshe ngezicubu ezixhumene namanoni futhi baze bahlukane.
Izimpawu ze-dystrophy yemisipha
Ezigaba zokuqala, i-muscular dystrophy ibonakala ngokuncipha kwezwi le-muscle. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-gait ingahle iphulwe, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye amakhono omzimba alahlekile. Ngokushesha ngokushesha lesi sifo siqhubeka ezinganeni. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje bangayeka ukuhamba, behlezi noma bephethe ikhanda.
Futhi izimpawu ze-dystrophy yemisipha yilezi:
- i-atrophy yemisipha yamathambo;
- ukukhathala okuqhubekayo;
- ukuwa njalo;
- ukwanda ngobukhulu bemisipha ngenxa yokwanda kwezicubu ezihlangene (ikakhulukazi i-gastrocnemius);
- ukungabikho ubuhlungu besisu.
Izinhlobo ze-dystrophy yemisipha
Izinhlobo eziningi zalesi sifo ziyaziwa namuhla. Ake siwahlole ngokuningiliziwe.
I-duchenne i-dystrophy yemisipha
Leli fomu libizwa nangokuthi i-pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy, futhi ivame ukubonakaliswa ebuntwaneni. Izimpawu zokuqala zokugula zivela eminyakeni engu-2-5. Ngokuvamile, iziguli zizwa ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka emaqenjini ama-muscle webhande lesigwegwe namagatsha aphansi. Khona-ke zithinteka izidumbu zesigamu esiphezulu somzimba, futhi kuphela ezinye izingxenye zama-muscle.
Ukunyuka kwama-muscular kwaleli fomu kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi uma uneminyaka engu-12 ingane izolahlekelwa ngokuphelele ikhono lokuhamba. Kuze kube iminyaka engu-20, iziguli eziningi azihlali.
I-dystrophy ye-muscular progression ye-Erba-Rota
Olunye uhlobo lwalesi sifo. Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zibonakala ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engu-14-16, ezimweni ezingavamile - eminyakeni engu-5-10 ubudala. Izibonakaliso zokuqala ezibonakalayo ziyi-pathological muscle ukukhathala kanye noshintsho olubucayi ku-"duck".
I-dystrophy yama-muscular ka-Erba-Rota
Lesi sifo sitholakala kuqala emaqenjini ama-muscle emigqeni ephansi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuthinta kokubili amahlombe kanye nemisipha ye-pelvic ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha futhi sibangela ukukhubazeka.
I-Becker i-dystrophy yemisipha
Ngokufanayo nezimpawu ezinefomu langaphambilini lesifo, kodwa leli fomu liqhubeka kancane. Isiguli singasetshenziswa ukusebenza amashumi eminyaka.
I-Emery-Dreyfus i-dystrophy yemisipha
Olunye uhlobo lwesifo esicatshangelwayo. Leli fomu liboniswa phakathi kweminyaka engu-5 no-15 yokuphila. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-muscular dystrophy yilezi:
- ukuphazanyiswa komsebenzi ohlangene we-elbow;
- i-atrophy ye-biceps yemisipha yemisipha, futhi kamuva emisipha ye-deltoid;
- ukuhamba emaphethelweni angaphandle ezinyaweni.
Iziguli zingase zibe nokuziphatha komzimba kanye nokushaya inhliziyo .
Ukwelashwa kwe-dystrophy yemisipha
Ukuze uhlolisise i-muscular dystrophy, ukuhlolwa nomtholampilo no-orthopedist kwenziwa, futhi i-electromyography nayo yenziwa. Ungakwazi ukuqhuba isifundo sezinto eziphilayo esiyinkimbinkimbi esizosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kungenzeka yini lesi sifo ezinganeni.
Ukwelashwa kwe-muscular dystrophy kuyisinyathelo esenzelwe ukunciphisa nokuyeka inqubo ye-pathological, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuphilisa lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ze-dystrophic emisipha, isiguli sinikezwa izijovo:
- i-vitamin B1;
- i-adenosine triphosphate;
- i-corticosteroids .
Isiguli kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi senze massage yokwelapha.
Futhi, wonke umuntu obhekene ne-muscular dystrophy, kudingeka wenze ukuvocavoca okuphefumulayo. Ngaphandle kwalo, iziguli zizohlakulela izifo ezinjalo zokuphefumula njenge-pneumonia nokuhluleka kokuphefumula, bese kungase kube nezinye izinkinga:
- ukukhathazeka komsebenzi wenhliziyo;
- ukushintsha imemori imisebenzi kanye nekhono lokufunda.