Izifo ezihambisana nokubhujiswa kwama-erythrocyte ezingeni le-intracellular noma le-intravascular lihlangene neqembu elibizwa ngokuthi i-hemolytic anemia. Kubonakala ukufa kwangakapheli kwe-erythrocyte ngenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene. Ukuzinza kwama-erythrocyte kuxhomeke kuma-protein amangqamuzana, i-hemoglobin, izakhiwo zomzimba zegazi nezinye izingxenye. Ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa kwezingxenye zomphakathi noma izingcezu ze-erythrocyte, iqala ukuhlakazeka.
I-hemolytic anemia - ukuhlukaniswa
I-anemia kufanele ihlukaniswe ibe yi-congenital futhi itholakale.
Ukutholakala kukhona izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- ama-immune izinhlobo ze-anemia, zifaka i-autoimmune i-hemolytic anemia kanye ne-immune;
- Akungena-mzimba, okubangelwa ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa noma ngenxa yezifo nezifo.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuthola i-anemia kungase ibe yinto yesikhashana, abanye bangangena esigabeni esingavamile.
I-Heditary hemolytic anemia
Bavuka ngenxa yeziphambeko zemizimba ebomvu ngokwabo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ingase isencane, uma unakekelwa i-hemoglobin encane, ukubonakala kwe-jaundice kanye nokuba khona kwezifo ezihlotsheni.
I-anemia ye-congenital ihlotshaniswa ne:
- ukuphazanyiswa emsebenzini we-enzyme yamaseli abomvu egazi;
- izinkinga ezingxenyeni ze-hemoglobin (i-sickle-cell anemia);
- ukungajwayelekile esimweni sekhanda le-erythrocyte (i-microspherocytic anemia hemolytic).
Enye i-anemia yokuzalwa ingase ivele ngisho nalapho kungabikho ukuphazanyiswa kwamaseli abomvu, kodwa kubhujiswa ngaphansi kwesifo sesifo esibi.
I-hemolytic anemia - izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-anemia ye-hemolytic zivame ukufana nokubonakaliswa kwesinye isifo semvelo. Kodwa kufanele ubone udokotela uma uthola enye yezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ikhanda, ukukhathala , ubuthakathaka, ukushaya inhliziyo;
- i-pallor, ithoni lesikhumba eliphuzi, iso, ngenxa yokwanda kwamakhambi ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu we-bilirubin;
- Ukwandiswa kwengubo, ngoba kulesi sitho ukuthi ukufa kwamaseli abomvu kwenzeka, ubuhlungu ohlangothini lwesobunxele ngaphansi kombambo luvame ukugcinwa;
- ukumnyama komchamo ngenxa yokuthi ugcwele imikhiqizo yokubola kwe-hemoglobin.
I-hemolytic anemia - ukuxilongwa
Okokuqala, udokotela kufanele enze i-anamnesis eningiliziwe yesifo. Kumelwe athole ukuthi ngabe omunye wezihlobo zakhe uhlangabezane ne-anemia ye-hemolytic, noma ngabe yizakhamuzi zezintaba. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izakhamuzi zaseDagestan nase-Azerbaijan zine-anemia yokuzalwa.
Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, lochwepheshe kufanele azi ukuthi iminyaka lapho izimpawu zokuqala ze-anemia zibonwa khona.
Uma kwenzeka ukusola kokuthola i-anemia, udokotela uzozama ukuthola imbangela eyabangela lesi sifo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kukhona i-anemia yokuthola ifa, kubalulekile ukuba unake ezinye izinto ezingokwemvelo (ukuguqulwa kwamazinyo, ukukhula okungavamile).
Ngemuva kokwenza i-anamnesis ekunqumeni i-anemia ye-hemolytic, udokotela uzokunikeza ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Iveza ukunciphisa izinga le-hemoglobin kanye nokwanda kwenani lama-reticulocytes. Lapho uhlola amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ngaphansi kwe-microscope,
I-hemolytic anemia - ukwelashwa
Ukulwa nokuntula i-anemia kuncike esimweni sokubonakaliswa kwayo nokuqina kwesifo. Manje sebenzisa lezi zindlela:
- Nika ukwemukelwa kwe-glucosteroids, okuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwama-antibodies abhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
- Uma ukwelashwa kwe-hormone kungasebenzi, i-spleen isusiwe.
- Ukulwa nesifo se-anemia, i-plasmapheresis isetshenziswa.