Amavithamini amakhemikhali abalulekile ehilelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni. Ukuze uthathe amavithamini awusizo kuwe, udinga ukwazi ukuthi bangubani.
Ziyini izinhlobo zamavithamini?
Ngokusekelwe kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamavithamini:
- amavithamini atholakala emikhiqizweni yemvelo ngokususa umswakama kanye namafayili ahlukahlukene (lawa amalungiselelo abiza kakhulu nakwezemvelo);
- amavithamini atholakala emikhiqizweni ngosizo lwe-crystallization nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali;
- amavithamini wokwenziwa - ama-analogue akhiqizwa ngamakhemikhali amavithamini emvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amavithamini ahlukaniswe ngamafutha namancibilika amanzi. Uhlobo lokuqala luyi-vithamini A, D, E ne-K, ziguzwa emathisini a-hepatic and fatty. Amavithamini asele ahlakazeka emvelweni wamanzi, ukuze asheshe aqedwe emzimbeni.
Izinkampani zokwelapha zikhiqiza amavithamini ngendlela yokujola, amaphilisi, amaswidi, i-syrups, njll. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuyingozi hhayi kuphela ukungabi namavithamini, kodwa futhi nokuningi kwabo.
Zingaki izinhlobo zamavithamini ezikhona?
- I-Vitamin A ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni okugcwele kwezitho eziningi, umbono omuhle nokusebenza okujwayelekile kokuzivikela. Ukuntuleka kwevithamini A kuyithinta kabi isimo sesikhumba nezinwele, futhi kubangele ukukhathala ngokomzimba.
- I-Vitamin B1 iyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yamangqamuzana omzimba nesisindo somzimba, ibuye iqhaza ezinkambisweni ezithile zemithi. Ukungabi nalutho kwe-vitamin B1 kubangela ukukhubazeka komsebenzi wesimiso sezinzwa kanye nokusho okungacabangi kwengqondo (ukuntuleka kokulala, i-migraine, ukucasula).
- I-Vitamin B2 ibalulekile ekwenzeni ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli nokugaya okujwayelekile kwezakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile, futhi kuthinta umbono futhi kuvikela amehlo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Ukungabi nalutho kwe-vitamin B2 kubangela izifo zamehlo, ukuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana amancane nokuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala.
- I-Vitamin B6 ibalulekile ezinkambisweni zemethamo, kanye nangomsebenzi wobuchopho. Ukuntuleka kwevithamini B6 kuyithinta kabi izinhlelo zezinzwa nezisifo senhliziyo.
- I-Vitamin B12 ibalulekile ekuqaliseni amino acid ebalulekile, ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwendlela yokujikeleza kanye ne-hematopoiesis, nokusebenza kwesibindi. I-Hypovitaminosis ibangela izinkinga ngesimiso sezinzwa zesintu.
- I-Vitamin C ibalulekile ekuzivikelweni okunamandla kanye nesimo esihle semithwalo yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le vithamini iyanciphisa umonakalo wezifo ezithile. Ukuntuleka kwevithamini C kungathathwa ngokukhathala okwandayo.
- I-Vitamin D iyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe ukujikelezwa kwe-phosphorus ne-calcium, futhi ukuntuleka kwayo kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo (ama-rickets).
- I-Vitamin E iyadingeka ekukhuleni kwentsha nobuhle, kuthinta umsebenzi wezinhlayiya, ikakhulukazi - ucansi. Ukuntuleka kwevithamini E , phakathi kwezinye izinto, kungabangela uketshezi lwe-vitamin A.
- I-Vitamin PP ilawula umsebenzi ophakeme wezinzwa, kubalulekile kumaprotheni umzimba kanye nokuphefumula kwamaselula. Ukuntula i-vitamin PP kubangela isifo esiyingozi - i-pellagra.
- I-Vitamin F ine-anti-effect effect, inciphisa ukuvuvukala, ithinta kakhulu ukubunjwa kwesidoda. Ukuntuleka kwayo kubangela ukwehla kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi nokuphulwa komzimba.
- I-Vitamin H ibandakanyeka ekufakeni umzimba, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-enzyme okugaya nokulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
- I-Vitamin K ibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamathambo namasipha, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni kanye nokujwayelekile kwe-oxydation nezinqubo zokunciphisa.
Wonke amavithamini anezimfanelo zawo ezikhethekile kakhulu. Ukuze uthole zonke izinhlobo ezidingekayo zamavithamini ngangokunokwenzeka, bona itafula labo lokuqukethwe kwimikhiqizo.
