Ukutshala ugwayi ekhaya, naphezu kokujwayele ukuyeka ukubhema, kuyawuthandwa. Iphuzu eliphelele ukuthi ugwayi obhulwa othulini ngumuthi osebenzayo wendalo wokulawula izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezithile zemithi yendabuko zincoma ukuthi amaqabunga ogwayi asetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yokwelapha ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke abalimi abaningi umbuzo ungokoqobo: kanjani ukutshala ugwayi ekhaya?
Njengoba unqume ukuqala ugwayi okhulayo ekhaya, kufanele ukhunjulwe ukuthi izici zokunambitheka komkhiqizo zincike endaweni kanye nenhlabathi lapho isiko sikhula khona. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukuthungwa kwamaqabunga esitshalo akhulile emhlabathini onomswakama ophansi kanye nokuqukethwe okuncane kwezinsafula zamaminerali kuzoba mncane kakhulu, futhi ama-lekhorka ngeke abe mnandi. Futhi, ngokuphambene, ehlathini elikhulile emhlabathini we-silt noma wobumba, amaqabunga ayoba amancane, kodwa anesisindo futhi anempepho.
Ukutshala ugwayi kusuka imbewu ekhaya
Ngokuphambene nokwesaba kwabasanda kufika endabeni yokukhula ugwayi ekhaya, akulula. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukhetho olufanele lomlimi. Ezindaweni ezifudumele lapho kusetshenziswa khona ugwayi, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zifanelekile, endaweni eguquguqukayo yezulu, ama-cultivars anconywa ukuba azalise "Trapezond 15", "Cigar 17" no- "Bryansky 91". Ukuze uthole isakhiwo sangasese, izinhlobo zegwayi "Trapezond 15" kanye "Trabzon Kubanets", ezivuthwa izinyanga ezi-3-3.5, cishe cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokukhula kwezinye izinhlobo, zizohambisana ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokutshala ugwayi kwizithombo?
Ngokuqondene nanoma yikuphi isiko esidinga isikhathi eside ngokushisa okufudumayo ukuze kukhule, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa indlela yokutshala izithombo zikagwayi.
Ukutshala ugwayi okwenziwe izithombo kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela imbewu eyomile, kodwa i-agrotechnics iyaqinisekiswa ukuthi imbewu ekhula ikhula kangcono. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-5 ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ehlanganiswe ngendwangu igxila emanzini afudumele ahlanjululwe ngamaconsi ambalwa e-tartaric acid. Kususa isikhathi - usuku. Le nqubo iyanciphisa isikhathi sokuphoqelela cishe isonto, ithonya kakhulu izitshalo ezengeziwe kanye nokwanda komkhiqizo.
Khona-ke imbewu ihlanjululwa futhi ifakwe kwendwangu ebomvu ku-koqweqwe lwawo (izingulube) ezindaweni ezifudumele. Kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indwangu imanzi njalo. Ngosuku lwesithathu kuya kwezingu-4 imbewu izothululwa, zomile futhi zihlanganiswe nesihlabathi esihlanzekile noma i-humus. Hlwanyela imbewu emabhokisini noma emabhokisini enkuni enehlabathi enomsoco, ngokujula okujulile - 0, 5 - 0.8 cm. Emva kokutshala, inhlabathi ithuliswa esitokisini se-spray.
Lapho ukhula izithombo zikagwayi kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso wokunisela: amanzi kufanele abe kancane kancane, kodwa nsuku zonke. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukufeza ukukhethwa kwezithombo endaweni "yezindlebe", lapho kuvela amaqabunga angama 3 kuya ku-4. Izikhathi ezimbili ezifaka umanyolo ngamaminerali amaminerali noma ukumnika umquba wezinkukhu . Iviki ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, umoya wezinsimu zonyaka futhi unciphise inani lokuchelela.
Ukudlula izithombo zegwayi
Uma ukuphakama kwesithombo kufinyelela cishe ngo-15 cm, futhi inani lamaqabunga likhuphuka lifika ku-5 -6 (le nombolo ayifaki ukufaka ama-cotyledons), izithombo zingatshalalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthi isimo sezulu esivele sesifudumele sesisungulwe. Umsele ulungiselela kusengaphambili, izimbobo zenziwa kuwo. Emgodini ngamunye uhhafu wamanzi alitha, umgodi uphuthunyiswa ngesikhonkwane, futhi isihlahla sifakwa kuwo ngokuqondile. Umhlaba omanzi ucindezelwa ngokumelene nezimpande, futhi inhlabathi eyomile ithululelwa phezulu, ukuze umswakama omncane ulahleke.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, inhlabathi evamile iyanciphisa, ukuchelela nokusila kufanele kwenziwe. Ukondla ugwayi nakho kwenziwa njengomanyolo wezotamatisi. Lapho izimbali zivela, i-inflorescence iphuliwe. Kubuye kudingekile ukuba kuhlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile pasynkovanie - ukususwa amahlumela lateral.