Zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zokugcina izithombo zisiza ukuvuna unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngamaqhwa nezinye izici ezingathandeki. Uhlobo ngalunye lwedivaysi lunezinzuzo zalo, okubalulekile ukwazi ngaphambi kokuthenga noma ukudala "ingadi yemifino ngaphansi kwesibuko" ngezandla zakho.
Izinhlobo zezithombo zokugcina nezakhiwo zawo
Inhloso yalo enkulu ukuthola izithombo zomhlabathi ovulekile futhi uvaliwe, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemifino emisha. Kunezinhlelo eziningi eziveza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, kodwa okuyinhloko yilokho okuhlukanisa ngokwezimo zefreyimu:
- i-arched;
- ngendlela yemipiramidi;
- indlu;
- ngendlela yemikhumbi yamanzi;
- itende;
- dome.
Izinhlobo zokugcina izithombo zasebusika
Ukuklama kwehlobo kusetshenziselwa kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, ngoba umthombo wokushisa kuwo kukhanya kwelanga kanye ne-biofuel - umquba , umquba noma i-humus. Izinhlobo zasebusika zokugcina izithombo zibizwa ngokuthi izimali ezinkulu - ngoba, ukulungiswa, isisekelo sakhiwa ngempela. Ngaphandle kwamandla elanga nama-biofuels, izindlela zobuchwepheshe zisetshenziswa. Ukuhlelwa kwabo kungaba nezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Ngohlobo lokushisa. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokugcina izithombo ezithandwayo - izitofu, ukushisa kwelanga nokushisa kagesi ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa kunokuba negesi noma amanzi.
- Ukutshala kwezitshalo. Izitshalo zitshalwe ngqo emhlabathini noma ezitsheni ezihlukene, zimi emashalofini akhethekile.
- Kumakhi wokwakha . Isakhiwo singaba isitini noma izinkuni, ingilazi noma i-polycarbonate.
Izinhlobo zezithombo zokugcina ezenziwe nge-polycarbonate
Le thermoplastiki ibizwa ngokuthi yiyona ehlukile kakhulu engilazi ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo ephezulu futhi isisindo esincane. Kunezinhlobo eziningi namasayizi ezindawo zokugcina izithombo, ezenziwe nge- polycarbonate ezinhlobo ezimbili - amaselula kanye ne-monolithic. Owokuqala unesakhiwo seselula, kanti okwesibini awunayo izikhala ngaphakathi. Noma iyiphi i-polycarbonate greenhouse yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukwakhiwa kokulima okusizayo. Indawo yayo ivela kumamitha ayizi-100 kuya ku-500, lapho kungenzeka khona ukutshala imifino kanye nemifino unyaka wonke: indlela efanelekayo yokulima.
- Ukushisa okuzimele. Indawo yesembozo ayidluli amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye, ngoba ukwakhiwa kwesigxobo esingasetshenziswa.
- I-industrialhouse abamba ukushisa. Ukugcina izinto ezingaphezu kuka-500 amamitha ayisithupha futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhula ukudayiswa.
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo ngendlela yendlu
Ukwakhiwa ngophahla lwe-gable kuyinto ehlukile yokudala, eyayithandwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwefomu elihlanganisiwe. Indlu inesidingo esisodwa esibalulekile - i-angle ephawulekayo phakathi kwemithambeka inciphisa amandla esakhiwo. Futhi unemihlomulo ehlanganisa lokhu okungahambi kahle:
- Uphahleni alunciphisi amathuba okutshala izitshalo ezide, njengoba kusebenza ngama-arches.
- Indawo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo isetshenziselwa ngokulingana.
- Ukuphumula kwe-ventilation akukwazi ukwenza lula nge-ventilation encane.
Izitshalo zokugcina izithombo ngendlela yemipiramidi
Phakathi kwabalimi, inkolelo ethandwayo yukuthi ngisho nezitshalo ezifa zingaphila ngaphakathi kwale polyhedra futhi zilethe isivuno esingakaze senzeke. Lolu hlobo lwezithombo zokugcina zokulima luba nezimfihlakalo zalo - kuyiqiniso, aluhlangene nhlobo nemvelo. Umklamo wepiramidi usiza ukususa izitshalo emoyeni oshisayo ezinsukwini zasehlobo, ngaphezu kwalokho zingabekwe eceleni futhi zigcine isikhala esikhulu.
Ukushisa okufana nesitimela
Kwenzeka ukuthi umnikazi wendlu yangasese uqala ukwakha isakhiwo esinjalo ngokuzimela. Azikho izinhlobo zokuqala zokugcina izithombo zokukhiqiza kanye nokwakhiwa kwazo zizofaniswa "nomkhumbi wamanzi" endlini yezwe ukutshala ukhukhamba notamatisi. Yenze ukwakhiwa okukhethekile kwefreyimu, iphrofayli iphrofayili kanye ne-polycarbonate plating. Okuthandwa yi-polymer impahla, kubonakala ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwayo ukukhanya okuyi-85%.
I-greenhouse-dome
Ngenxa yesakhiwo spherical, asikwazi ukuthonya amathonya angaphandle ahlaselayo. Izithombo zokugcina ezinjalo zimi ngokuzethemba phakathi nomoya oqinile futhi abesabi ukuzamazama komhlaba. Ukushisa kuzo kugcinwa ngaphandle kokushisa okungeziwe: umehluko emadigri phakathi kwemvelo yangaphandle futhi imvelo yangaphakathi ihlawuliswa ngokushisa ngemisebe yelanga ngokungena ngaphakathi kwelahleni ebonakalayo. Izinhlobo zama-dome zezithombo zokugcina nezakhiwo zazo zinezici ezithile:
- Ama-triangles akha isakhiwo angaqoqwa futhi ahlukaniswe, okunikeza ukuhamba okwengeziwe.
- Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuyidala zingahlukahluka kakhulu - izibhamu zensimbi zensimbi, ama-slats enkuni, i-rhea epulasitiki.
- I-geodesic sphere iqinisekisa ukugeleza okukhulu kwemoya nokukhanya.
Ukushisa ku-Mitlajderu
Ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo kuthiwa "i-hotbed yaseMelika" ezweni elivela kumsunguli walo. UJacob Mitlider wagqokisa izithombo zokugcina izitshalo zilula ukukhiqiza futhi zinamafasitela afanelekayo wokuphuza umoya. Kukhona nesigxobo se-analog yaso enezindonga eziqondile. Isici sezo zombili zomklamo yiphahla lezinhlangothi ezimbili, okuvimbela umoya ofudumele ngaphakathi kwendawo. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-hothouse eMitlajderu:
- Uhlelo oluyingqayizivele lwe-ventilation - izimbobo ezisuka ekupheleni kwesakhiwo kuya kwesinye, okukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze emishini yokuphuza umoya.
- Ihlaka eliqinile - livikela ukucindezela kweqhwa elithwetshiwe ophahleni noma emanzini.
- Isivikelo esivela emswakeni ophezulu kanye ne-fungus - lolu hlobo lokugcina izithombo lwenziwa ngokhuni, oluzokwelapha ngokubunjwa okukhethekile kwamagciwane.
- Ukutholakala kwe-garter yezitshalo zokusika - izigxobo ezihamba phambili ezingasetshenziswa zingasetshenziswa njengesekelo.