I-psyche yomuntu iyimfihlakalo emvelweni. Iyini isifo schizophrenia - isifo noma umbono ohlukile wezwe elingaphandle, okungafani nokucabanga, ukuqonda kwabantu abaningi - akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kwezifo zengqondo. Iphesenti yesifo phakathi kwabantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zomphakathi, izimo zendalo, zihlale zihlala njalo - 1%.
Schizophrenia - kuyini?
Ekuhunyushweni kusuka kwesayensi yesiGreki schizophrenia incazelo kusho shiso - ukwehlukanisa, frenio ngumphefumulo. I-schizophrenia yisifo esingokomqondo esibonakala ngokulahlekelwa ubunye bemisebenzi yengqondo (ukucabanga, imizwelo, ukuqonda) ngokuguquka kwabo kwe-dissociative futhi okusheshayo / okusheshayo. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kulesi sifo kubonakala ekuhluphekeni ngokomzwelo, kwangeniswa. Ukutholakala kwe-schizophrenia ekuhlukanisweni kwamazwe ngamazwe kwe-ICD-10 kunekhodi F 20.
Schizophrenia - izimbangela
Izimpawu ezihlukahlukene zesifo asikwazi ukuphendula impendulo yombuzo wemvelaphi yalesi sifo sengqondo. Ochwepheshe, izimbangela ze-schizophrenia, bahlelwe ngokweqile ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Izizathu zezinto eziphilayo : izakhi zofuzo, ukusetshenziswa komama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukudluliselwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukutheleleka kwegciwane / i-bacteria (i-herpes, i-rubella, i-toxoplasmosis), i-auto-immune theory, i-neotomy ne-astrologist-inability of the "hormone of happiness" serotonin.
- Ukucabanga kwengqondo : ukucabanga kwe-archaic kuyasebenza futhi kuboniswa ngokungafani kwezahlulelo, "imiyalezo emibili" - "ungaqambi amanga!", Nakuba abazali ngokwabo bekhohlisa njalo, "Ngiyakuthanda kakhulu" - ingane ishaya "emoyeni" emoyeni. Imilayezo engenayo imizwa iholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu: i-existential theory - izwe elingaphakathi lomuntu liyanele ngokwabo, ezinye izinhlobo zokubona kwezwe zinqatshelwe.
- Izici zenhlalakahle : emadolobheni amaphesenti e-schizophrenia aphakeme kunemizana, inkohlakalo emndenini; ukumelana nokucindezeleka okuphansi, ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwengqondo .
Ingabe i-schizophrenia izuzwa njengefa?
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule kwakungekho ubuchwepheshe bokuzalwa kwezakhi zofuzo, abantu bazama ukuhlala kude nemindeni enezihlobo "eziphambene" - lokhu kwakungumhlobo wesibonakaliso sokona. Namuhla, abantu abasha abangathí sina mayelana nobudlelwane bazama ukuthola umngani womlingani wabo ngaphambi kokuba bazibophe umshado, kodwa futhi kwenzeka ukuthi kuvela lapho owesifazane ekhulelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ithuba lokuthi i-schizophrenia izuze ifa lomntwana, kulokhu kuyadingeka Ukubonisana nge-Genetic. Izibalo zomhlaba zinikeza amaphesenti ezinokwenzeka zezifo:
- i-schizophrenia ihlupheka mama, uyise, ugogo, umkhulu-46%;
- amawele afanayo - kufika ku-50%, amawele e-raznoyaytsevye (uma omunye wabazali egula) - 18%;
- ogulayo ngelungu elilodwa lomndeni wezizukulwane ezimbili - 12%;
- izingane zakubo - 6%;
- ukucasuka komunye wabazali, noma ugogo, umkhulu-5%;
- abazala - 2%;
- ngaphandle "ubuhlungu" obunzima - 1%.
Izimpawu ze-Schizophrenia
Iyini isifo schizophrenia ekubonakalisweni okuphawulekayo nokuthi ungasolisa kanjani isifo. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-schizophrenia zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe esikhathini esivela eminyakeni engu-14-25, kodwa zingabonakalisa ebuntwaneni nasebudala obukhulile. Ama-Psychiatrists achaza izimpawu eziyinhloko okufanele:
- ukuzihlukanisa (ukuhoxiswa okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho);
- ukuzwakalisa imizwa - "uthando / inzondo";
- ukwehliswa kwentando "yobuvila obungapheli" - umuntu ongenasizathu esenqaba ukwenqaba ukuya esikoleni, emsebenzini, walahla intshisekelo kukho konke ayesekuthanda;
- ukungafaneleki kokungathinteli - ukungapheleli ngendlela engafanele kwimicimbi: uhleka, ufunda ngesenzakalo esibuhlungu futhi akhala ngokuphendulela;
- ukuguquka kwemizwelo - ukuhlaselwa kwesibindi, ukwesaba okungenakushukunyiswa.
Izimpawu zesifo schizophrenia kubantu besifazane - ukuziphatha
Isiqalo sesi sifo sabesifazane siwela eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengu-25, singabangela izici ezihlukene: ukucindezeleka okude isikhathi eside, ukucabanga okungenangqondo, ukunyanyiswa kwesimo schizoid, ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha . Izimpawu zesifo schizophrenia kwabesifazane:
- ukuziphatha - kunezinqubo ezingenangqondo. Kukhona ukuphazamiseka, ukucasula, ukuhlukunyezwa
- ukwesaba okukhulu nokusola, ukusungula izimpawu zezifo ezingekho;
- ukucindezela ngokomzwelo;
- inkulumo ebuthakathaka ebusweni, i-monotone ye-mechanical timbre yezwi;
- ekusetshenzisweni kwamazwi amanga;
- i-vagrancy;
- Ukubukeka okungapheli: ugqoke izingubo ezifanayo, uyeke ukugcina inhlanzeko yakhe, akahlanganisi izinwele zakhe;
- unqabe imisebenzi yakhe ngokuphathelene nezingane, umyeni wakhe.
Izimpawu zesifo schizophrenia emadodeni - ukuziphatha
I-bell yokuqala yokukhathazeka eyenzeka emadodeni asebancane kunabesifazane, eneminyaka engu-18 no-29. Izimpawu zesifo schizophrenia emadodeni ziyafana, kodwa ngokungafani phakathi nesifo:
- autistic kanye introverted kukhona ngaphezulu;
- izigaba ezisebenzayo zalesi sifo zihlala isikhathi eside;
- i-resonance ebizwa ngokuthi i-wisecracking);
- cishe ayinakwelashwa.
Izinhlobo ze-schizophrenia
Iyini isifo schizophrenia ngezigaba ezahlukene? Isithombe sesifo salesi sifo sincike enhlobonhlobo yesifo. Ama-Psychiatrists achaza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemitholampilo kanye nama-subspecies. Izinhlobo zasendulo ze-schizophrenia. I-schizophrenia elula yindlela egelezayo eqhubekayo (kancane):
- ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo;
- i-hypovolemia;
- izenzo ezinonya;
- i-resonance;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwemicabango;
- i-autism.
I-nyukliya yamanje ye-schizophrenia elula (okusheshayo, ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili):
- ukungabi nampofu ngokomzwelo;
- i-hallucinations elula;
- izinsizwa ezingenangqondo "nezimpawu ezingavamile" ("azizwa ingxenye yangaphambili yobuchopho").
I-paranoid schizophrenia (i-hallucinatory-paranoid):
- ukuqiniswa nokuqamba amanga ezinyangeni zokuqala zesifo;
- imibono engalungile (isisindo somhawu, ushushiso);
- ukwandisa i-autism;
- ukwesaba okungenangqondo;
- ukuhlelwa ngamazwi ngendlela yokuxoxisana / i-monologue;
- ekwenzeni okubi (debut in adolescence) i-delirium iba yindabuko (ukuphindukuzalwa kabusha).
I-schizophrenia ye-Cataton iqukethe izigaba ezimbili:
- I-Catatonic stupor - efrijini endaweni ethile, ukuguquguquka kwe-waxy. Uma ikhanda lomuntu likhuphuka ngaphezu komcamelo, angakwazi ukulondoloza lesi sikhundla isikhathi eside. Isiguli sihlala amahora amaningi sibuka kwelinye iphuzu, emcabangweni udonsela izithombe, lapho eyiqhawe elihle.
- Ukuzijabulisa kwe-cataton (motor, inkulumo). Iziguli zinobudlova, ngokuzumayo zigxume futhi zigijime. Ukucabangela okumangalisayo okumangalisayo.
I-gebefrenic schizophrenia (ekuqaleni kokukhula):
- ubuwula nokuhleka okungenangqondo;
- ukuziphatha okungenangqondo;
- ukwanda kwezibonakaliso ezimbi;
- ukuhlakazeka okusheshayo kobuntu nokuphazamiseka kokucabanga.
I-schizophrenia enobuchopho (i- schizotypal disorder ) njengoba ukuxilongwa akuyona isigaba, kepha iyaqhubeka isetshenziselwa izifo zengqondo zaseRussia, ukuxilongwa kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokungabi khona kwempawu ezivamile. Yisiphi isifo esibucayi schizophrenia kulezi zimpawu:
- i-eccentricity;
- ukuzimisela ngendlela yokugqoka, ukuzithiba kwenkulumo;
- "Umlingo" umbono wezwe;
- Izinguquko ekucabangeni zincane.
I-Shuboobraznaya schizophrenia (ifomu le-paroxysmal-isandulela) - linamafomu amathathu wesifo anezimpawu zesici:
- Okubi - ekuqaleni kokuqala (iminyaka engu-10-12). Iziqephu zengqondo ngaphambi konyaka, ukuphuma kungabalulekile, ekugcineni kuyanyamalala. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuqhubekayo kuqhubeka.
- Ifomu le-paranoid ukucwiliswa kancane kancane kobuntu kuye. Imicabango ye-paranoid: abantu baqala ukubangela ukusola. Delirium ushushiso.
- Ifomu le-Schizophrenia le-coat- elifana nosizi. Izimpawu: i-mania, izimo ezicindezelayo .
Ingabe i-schizophrenia iphathwa noma cha?
Ukuxilongwa kwe "schizophrenia" kwenziwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngokucophelela, ukubhekwa kwesiguli. Ukuphazamiseka ukuphela akukona okuphulukisiwe, ama-20-25% akhutshaziwe, ngezinhlobo ezimbi zokuvuza, amacala angu-80% kungenzeka ukukhululwa okuhlala njalo, impilo evamile emphakathini. Inhlobo elula yesifo schizophrenia kunzima kakhulu ukwelashwa ngenxa yokulimala kwenkambo, namuhla akuvamile.
Ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia
Indlela yokwelapha i-schizophrenia, izifo zengqondo zibuzwa lo mbuzo esimweni ngasinye sesifo. Impumelelo yokwelashwa incike ezingxenyeni eziningana:
- ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa;
- ukujwayeleka kwe-metabolism ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchopho (i-ECT, therapy ye-insulin-shock-shock);
- i-psychotherapy (ngezikhathi ezithile, izinhlangano zeqembu, ukwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha);
- ukuvimbela - ukusebenzisa ngendlela ehlelekile kwezidakamizwa kusiza ukugwema ukubuyela emuva;
- ukusekelwa kwezihlobo.
Abantu, abhekene nesifo ezihlotsheni zabo, bayazibuza ukuthi baziphathe kanjani nesiguli schizophrenic, odokotela batusa:
- Ukuhlinzeka ngezimo eziphephile, eziphephile.
- Ukwamukelwa nokuqonda.
- Ukulawula ukuhambisana nemithi.
Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia
Ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa kuhlanganisa ukujova kanye namaphilisi avela ku-schizophrenia. Ngokuya ngobukhulu bezimpawu, beka amaqembu ezidakamizwa.
- Ama-neuroleptics : ama-sedative-aminazine, i-clozapine; antipsychotic - tryptazine, i-haloperidol, i-parnasan.
- Isikhundla sobuchwepheshe - fenazepam, bromazepam, diazepam.
- Ama- Antidepressants - pirlindol, amitriptyline.
Ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia ngamakhambi abantu
Imithi esemthethweni njengomuthi we-schizophrenia ayiqapheli, isiguli sigxilisa isimo sakhe kuphela, kepha ukwelashwa kwamagciwane kusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa:
- ukugeza ngokufaka amaqabunga ase-aspen - kunomphumela wokudambisa;
- umhluzi omomile - uthuthukisa ubuthongo;
- ama-hoes of hops, i-lavender ekhonjelwe emilenzeni yenza umphumela wokuqeda.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-schizophrenia
Ukudla nge-schizophrenia ukudla okugcwele futhi kufanele kube nezinto ezidingekayo. Uhlu olukhombayo lwemikhiqizo ye "antischizophrenic diet":
- izinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphansi;
- inyama enomzimba;
- imikhiqizo ecebile amavithamini weqembu B (okusanhlamvu okusuka kuhlamvu olugcwele, isinkwa segatini);
- Imikhiqizo "Yokucindezeleka": ubhanana, ama-almonds, ama-strawberry, uju.
- izithelo zemvelo nemifino.