Ubani ohlakaniphileyo: amadoda noma abesifazane, uKatya ovela edeskini lokuqala noma u-Anya owesibili, uprofesa wefilosofi noma umfundi ovilapha, i-akhawunti yomkhulu noma umhloli wentela? Ukuze kulinganiswe ngokuqondisa isintu, mhlawumbe, ngeke neze sibe nesithukuthezi. Ngenhlanhla, ososayensi banquma ukwenza le nqubo ibe lula futhi beza nendlela yokulinganisa amakhono engqondo womuntu, ukuwaveza ngesimo se-coefficient. Yiziphi ngempela lezi zinombolo ezikushoyo nokuthi zinganquma kanjani ukuhlakanipha, manje sithola.
Umqondo we-coefficient of intelligence
I-IQ yindlela ebonisa ukulinganisela kwezinga lomqondo womuntu. Umphumela unikezwa ngesisekelo semininingwane yezibalo eziqoqwe ngamaqembu ahlukene. Ukuhlola isici se-intelligence umuntu kufanele adlule ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Imisebenzi yakhelwe ukunquma ikhono lomuntu lokucabanga inqubo, hhayi izinga le-erudition yakhe. Okusho ukuthi, imiphumela yokuhlola yembula coefficient zezibalo, izisho, izikhala kanye nezinye izinhlobo zobuhlakani. Kusukela eqenjini ngalinye leminyaka kukhona uhlobo lokuhlolwa, kungenzeka ukuthi umfundi uzobe esezingeni elifanayo (noma mhlawumbe ohlakaniphile) nesipiliyoni seyunivesithi.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ
Kusukela ukwethulwa kwegama IQ, izilinganiso eziningi nezivivinyo zenzelwe ukuzinquma. Izinketho zabo zokuhlolwa kwe-intelligence factor zanikezwa ngu-Eysenck, Wexler, Amthauer, uRaven noCattell. Ukuhlolwa okudume kakhulu ku-Eysenck, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwamanye abalobi abane kunembile kakhulu. Lezi zinto ziyahlukahluka kwimingcele ehlukene, coefficient yokuhlanganisa, inani lemibuzo kanye subject ukuhlolwa. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuhlolwa kuka-Eysenck, umuntu angathola umqondo jikelele wemakhono omuntu womqondo. Uma ufuna ukuthola ulwazi olwandisiwe, isibonelo, ukwazi i-coefficient ye-intelligence yomlomo, kuzodingeka udlule ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Kodwa ukuhlolwa kuka-Amthauer kakade kubandakanya iyunithi yokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokukhuluma, kanye nemibuzo esiza ukunquma izinga jikelele lokuthuthukiswa kwe-IQ, izinga lokuhlakanipha okungenamazwi, kanye nokuchazwa komuntu komsebenzi othile. Ngenxa yephuzu lokugcina, lokhu kuvivinywa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuze uthole umkhakha wezemfundo oseduze kunomuntu.
Ipeni laso lingeziningi zezivivinyo ze-IQ ezingatholakala kwi-Inthanethi aziwa. Kucacile kuphela ukuthi abahlanganiswa ngabachwepheshe futhi abakwazi ukunikeza incazelo enembile. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhona ngaphezulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokunquma i-IQ kuklanyelwe ngendlela yokuthi imiphumela ine-distribution evamile. Ngakho-ke, inani le-intelligence factor kufanele libe amaphuzu angu-100, okungukuthi, cishe abantu abangu-50% bayothola ngenani elifanayo lamaphoyinti okuhlola. Uma amaphuzu angaphansi kuka-70 atholakele, lokhu kungabonisa ukuphuza kwengqondo.
I-coefficient yokuhlakanipha ngokomzwelo
Izivivinyo zokunquma i-coefficient of intelligence ngokuvamile zibangele ukusabela okukhulu emphakathini, ukusetshenziswa kwabo okujwayelekile akuvunyelwe yibo bonke. Abaningi bathi ngisho nokuhlolwa kwe-IQ kunquma kuphela izinga lokucabanga, kodwa hhayi izinga lamakhono engqondo. Futhi emva kokucwaninga kwamanje, ochwepheshe beNyuvesi yaseWestern Ontario bathi ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ kungenza kuphela ukuthi ukwazi ukuxazulula ukuhlolwa okunjalo. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ukuthi abantu abane-IQ ephezulu abahlali njalo benza umsebenzi ophumelelayo,
Ngemva kokufunda lesi sici, ososayensi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi kukhona nokuhlakanipha okungokomzwelo okuvumela ukudala imizwelo engayikusiza kuphela inqubo yokucabanga, kodwa izovumela futhi ukubeka ukuxhumana kangcono nabantu. Ngokuvamile, i-EQ (Intelligence Intelligence) ingqondo ejwayelekile.
Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-EQ ayiyona inkomba ephelele yokuphumelela, kodwa kuphela umqondo ovumela ukwandisa umqondo wokuhlakanipha ngisho nangaphezulu.