Izimpawu ze-fever ephindaphindiwe zachazwa okokuqala nguHippocrates. Lesi sifo senzeke esiqhingini saseFaros futhi sabonakala ngokuhlaselwa kwe-feverish ephindaphindiwe. Ukuqubuka kwezifo kwaqaphela ngekhulu le-18 e-Ireland, eNgilandi naseJalimane. Ngo-1868, udokotela wezilwane waseBerlin Hospital Obermeier wakwazi ukucacisa i-agent causative yalesi sifo.
I-typhus evamile iyinhlangano ye-causative
I-agent causative ye-typhoid ephindaphindiwe yi-bacterium ye-genre Borrelia. Idala isifo esithathelwanayo esinzima ngesimo sokuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe komkhuhlane. Abathwali bama-bacterium we-pathogenic yizinyosi nezibungu. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-typhus ezijikelezayo - uhlobo lwesifo se-lesion kanye nesiguli.
I-typhus evamile ejwayelekile
I-agent causative ye-typhus evamile ephindaphindiwe yi-spirochete. Ososayensi ngokusebenzisa i-microscope baye baqaphela ukuthi le bacterium isimo sesimo ngendlela yokuvunguza. Idluliselwa ngokulunywa kwezinambuzane ezinesifo, isibonelo, izibungu, futhi kubangele isifo esithathelwanayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-spirochetosis ebizwa nge-tick. Ukutheleleka, ukungena egazini, kuthinta izitho ze-hematopoiesis, kanye nesistimu ye-central central.
I-typhus ephindaphindiwe yesifo
I-agent causative yale nhlupho yesifo esiyingozi njalo iBorrelia we-Obheimer. Ibuye ifane nesimo sokuziphatha okuncane okuphelile. Iphazamisa i-pathogenic pathogenic emzimbeni wezinyosi. Kodwa izinambuzane ze-pubic kanye ne-cephalic zithola lesi sifo kancane kancane, nakuba ziphinde zithathelwana. I-Borrelia ivuselela ukuqala kwe-rotund licephoid typhus. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sifo asilungisiwe ezindaweni zethu.
Imizila yokudlulisa ye-typhus evamile
Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngokungena egazini lomuntu onempilo, igazi elingenalo i-HIV. I-typhoid ephindaphindiwe ekhunjulwa kwenzeka emva kokulunywa kwesinambuzane esinegciwane ngokusebenzisa ukungena kwamagciwane ngokusebenzisa umathela wayo. Ama-ticks e-Ornithodal ayingozi kunazo zonke kubantu, asebenza njengemikhumbi yemvelo yamakoloni e-spirochaete futhi asakazeka iminyaka eminingi.
Uma kwenzeka umkhuhlane we-epidemic, izinyosi ziyi-carrier ye-pathogen. Emzimbeni womuntu, ukutheleleka kulandela emva kokulwa ne-parasite ebulawe esikhumbeni esonakele. Ukusakazeka okusheshayo kwe-typhus ephindaphindiwe kuyisici sezifunda ezinabantu abaningi, izimo ezishisayo zezulu nezinga eliphansi lokuthuthukiswa kwemithi. E-Asia nase-Afrika, naseNdiya, izifo eziwumkhuhlane we-fever zivame ukulotshwa.
I-typhus evamile - ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kusekelwe ekuqoqweni kwe-anamnesis, isithombe somtholampilo kanye nemiphumela yezifundo ze-laboratory. Indawo yokuhlala kwesiguli iyalingathwa ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zokuqala. Hlola ukuhlolwa kahle kwesikhumba sesiguli ngokutholakala kwezinambuzane zokuluma kwezinambuzane. Ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ebangela isifo sofuba esivamile, ngaphezu kwalokho unikeze ukuhlaziywa kwe-laboratory kwegazi okwenziwe ngesikhathi somkhuhlane. Ukuba khona kweBorrelia kubonisa ukuqala kwesifo. I-typhus evamile njengesifo se-bacterial kufanele ihlukaniswe kwezinye izifo ezinokubonakaliswa okufanayo okuqala.
I-typhus evamile - izimpawu
Ukubonakaliswa kwezici zezinhlobo ezimbili ze-fever ephindaphindiwe kuhlukile. Nokho, esimweni sokuqala nesesibili, uphawu oluyinhloko lugcinwa ngendlela ephakeme yokushisa (cishe ama-degrees angu-40). Ikhuphukela ezingeni eliphakeme emva kwamasonto amabili kusukela ngosuku lokutheleleka. Ukuqhuma kwezikhumba kubonakala kuhlobo ngalunye lwesifo, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-dermatological kunemibono yabo.
I-typhus evamile ejwayelekile, izimpawu zazo ezingaqunywa ngokuhlola isikhumba sesiguli, kubonakala kanje:
- Esikhathini sokulunywa kwezinambuzane, kunama-nodule amancane okulinganisa u-1 mm ne-red rim ebomvu.
- Ngemuva kwelanga, i-nodule iphenduka ibe ngumbala obomvu obomvu, okuyilapho kutholakala khona indandatho enobubanzi obungaba ngu-30 mm.
- Kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-4, izingqikithi zendandatho ziyaqhamuka futhi kancane kancane ziyanyamalala, futhi i-papule ivuleka.
- Ngosuku lwesihlanu, indawo yokuluma iqala ukudubula, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa izimpawu zokudakwa komzimba zivela.
- Ukuhlaselwa komkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu zokudakwa ngokweqile kudlule kusukela ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-causative agent ye-tick-borne typhoid ephindaphindiwe etholakala egazini legazi ngesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu.
- Khona-ke izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyehla emigqumeni ebalulekile, emva kwalokho isikhathi sokuxoxela siqala.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, ukuhlaselwa kuphinda, futhi kungapheli izikhathi ezingu-10, kodwa ngezibonakaliso ezincane zokudakwa. I-African fever fever ifika ezinyangeni ezimbili, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, kulula ukuhamba kunokuba i-spirochetosis yenunu. Izinkinga zezempilo aziveli kaningi futhi azibheki ngokuqondile ekuphileni. Izitho zombono kanye ne-ambulance ye-cerebral zithinteke kakhulu.
Ukubonakaliswa komkhuhlane we-lousy wokujikeleza kufana nalokhu kwesifo esidlule, kodwa:
1. Ukuqubuka kungaba nezinto eziningana kanye ne-foci yokuvuvukala.
Kuzo zonke lezi, izimpawu zentuthuko zengeziwe:
- i-bronchitis;
- i-pneumonia ;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
3. Kukhona "inkungu" yokuqaphela.
4. Ezimweni eziningi, i-jaundice iqala, ekhombisa ukulimala kwesibindi.
Ukuhlasela kuqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese kufika ukuthuthuka okubonakalayo, emva kwalokho umkhuhlane ubuya. Umjikelezo wezinkukhu ezingenayo iqukethe izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Leli fomu lokugula lifaka ingozi enkulu empilweni yesiguli ngenxa yezinkinga ezilandelayo. Okuvame kakhulu kulawa ukukhuliswa nokuphuka kwengubo ngegazi elingaphakathi lokuphuma kwamanzi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-typhus evamile
Ukuze kuvimbele ukusakazeka kokutheleleka, isiguli sisodwa. Izimpahla zomuntu kanye negumbi lapho ayesekhona khona, basuke benqatshelwe i-disinfected. Ukwelapha kwenziwa esibhedlela. Isifo Esiwumkhuhlane Esiphelele, njenge-lousy, siphathwa ngempumelelo ngemithi yokulwa ne-antibacterial ye- penicillin neqembu le-tetracycline. Okuthandwayo kunikezwa ekuphathweni kwezidakamizwa ngejojo lesandulela ngculaza noma le-intravenous.