Ukucaciswa kwe-lens ezinkathini zokuqala kungaphathwa ngokwemithi. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ukuphazamiseka kwesithombe kwenzeka futhi umbono wehlisiwe. Kulesi simo, isisombululo kuphela ukususa i-cataract. Uma ukungenelela okuhlinzekwayo kwenziwa ngudokotela onolwazi, futhi yonke imiyalelo ibonakala, ukubuyiswa kwenzeka ngokushesha.
I-cataract isusiwe kanjani?
Ezenzweni zokwelapha izindlela zokuvimbela ukulwa nalesi simo somzimba zisetshenziswa. Izindlela zokwenza imisebenzi yokukhipha izidakamizwa zithembele ezicini zesifo. Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zokuphatha okuhlinzekwayo:
- I-phacoemulsification ye-ultrasonic. Lena indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokususwa kwe-cataract. Isetshenziswe esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Ukucubungula okuncane (3 mm) kwenziwa ekwenzeni i-cornea, okuyilapho kwenziwa khona konke okuqhubekayo.
- I-laser. Ithuluzi lifakwe nge-micro-cut on the cornea. Igoli libhubhisa indawo ewonakele yelensi.
- Isizinda se-Extracapsular. Lokhu kusebenza kuyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezu kokuhlinza laser. Ngemuva kokunqunywa kwe-10-mm, umgogodla ususwe, isikhwama se-crystal sihlanzwa bese kufakwe ukufakwa.
- Isizinda se-Intracapsular. I-lens ne-capsule zisusiwe, futhi ukufakwa kufakwe endaweni leyo.
Ukuhlinza kwe-Ultrasonic Cataract
Ukuze wenze le nqubo, akudingeki ulinde kuze kube sekugcineni ukuthi "ukuvuthwa" kuyagula. Le nqubo ingabambezeleka isikhathi eside, futhi impilo yesiguli izogcwala izinguquko ezingathandeki: akunakwenzeka ukusebenza ngokugcwele, uthole ngemuva kwesondo futhi wenze ezinye izenzo. Esimpandeni kuzoguqula wonke umsebenzi wokususa i-cataracts. Inzuzo enenzuzo:
- ukuphepha;
- ubuhlungu (kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia);
- ukukhathazeka okuncane;
- isikhathi esifushane sokuvuselelwa;
- ukuphola okusheshayo njalonjalo.
Ungasusa kanjani i-cataract nge-laser?
Lolu hlobo lokuhlinza lunenzuzo eminingi futhi nansi amanye awo:
- Ukususwa kwe-Cataract nge-laser - "ukuhlinzwa okungenasondo".
- Ukulawula esikhathini sokuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngudokotela on the monitor, ngakho-ke amaphutha akhishwe. Isikrini sibonisa imodeli ye-3-dimensional iso.
- Ukuchithwa okukhulu kakhulu (kufika ku-1 micron): akekho ohlinzayo ohlinzayo ongakwazi ukufeza lokhu ngezandla zakhe. I-laser ihambisa kancane izicubu. Lesi sigaba sizenzele uphawu futhi siqiniseke ngokushesha. Ngisho nokunqunywa kwendilinga kungenziwa yi-laser.
- Inikeza ukulungiswa okunokwethenjelwa kwe-lens yokufakelwa kanye nokugxilonga okugxilile. Lo mphumela uqhubeka iminyaka eminingi.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-cataract operation
Umzabalazo wokuhlinza nge-lens turbid kwezinye izimo uvunyelwe. Nakuba ukususwa kwe-cataract kubantu asebekhulile kunika umphumela omuhle kakhulu, akufanele sikhohlwe ngokuphikisana. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izifo ezinjalo:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- i-hemophilia;
- onkozabolevanija iso;
- ischemic;
- i-hypertension;
- isikhathi esincane emva kwesifo (ezinyangeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha).
Ngingakwazi yini ukususa i-cataract ngesifo sikashukela?
Ukuphathwa okunjalo kuye kwenziwa ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi wokukhipha isifo sikashukela ngaphandle kokucindezeleka, kufanele kwenziwe kuphela nge-index glucose index. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo umonakalo we-lens ukhula ngokushesha kunabanye abantu, akunakwenzeka ukuhlala nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kombono.
Ungalungiselela kanjani ukusebenza ukuze ususe i-cataracts?
Noma yikuphi ukungenelela okuhlinzekwayo kuhlinzeka ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Izifundo ezilandelayo kufanele zenziwe:
- ukuhlaziywa kwegazi (okuthuthukisiwe, ku-RW, ngesifo sofuba);
- ECG;
- ukuhlaziywa komchamo.
Yonke imiphumela ayivumelekile ngaphezu kwenyanga yekhalenda kusukela ngosuku lokulethwa. I-ECG kufanele yenziwe amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokusebenza okuhleliwe. Isiguli sidinga ukungena esifubeni fluorography. Uma lokhu kuhlolwe kwenziwa ezinyangeni ezingu-12 zokugcina, imiphumela yaso iyasebenza, ngakho akudingeki ukuthi kube nokunye okunye okufakiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiswa komsebenzi wokuqeda izidakamizwa kubandakanya ukuthola izeluleko ezivela odokotela abanjalo:
- ENT;
- i-endocrinologist;
- isazi;
- udokotela wamazinyo;
- i-cardiologist;
- i-gynecologist (urologist);
- i-anesthesiologist.
Ukuvakashela bonke labachwepheshe kubaluleke kakhulu. Bazosiza ekuboneni emzimbeni ukutheleleka noma inqubo yokuvuvukala. Isikhathi esilungele ukubhekana nesifo kunceda ukuvimbela nokugwema izinkinga ezinkulu. Isiguli asikwazi ukuphathwa kahle, ngoba ukutheleleka okufihla emzimbeni kuyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokuvuselela.
Futhi ngokuqapha okukhulu kufanele kuthathe imithi. Isiguli kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sitshele ophthalmologist-surgeon mayelana nemithi ephuzwa njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhipha isonto ngaphambi kokusebenza kokuthatha imithi ngesenzo se-anticoagulant. Ukuvinjelwa ngokweqile ngalesi sikhathi kusetshenziswa utshwala. Isiguli kumele sikhululwe ngomsebenzi osindayo.
Ngaphambi nje kokuba kususwe i-cataract, ukuqeqeshwa okulandelayo kuyadingeka:
- Geza izinwele zakho.
- Thatha.
- Gqoka izingubo zangaphansi zikotini.
- Yilala.
- Akukho okudliwayo kusukela kusihlwa.
- I-whistle ibe nesamba esincane samanzi abilayo.
Ukusebenza kanjani ukususa i-cataracts?
Isu lokulwa ne-lens elinyanyisiwe lixhomeke endleleni yokwenza inqubo yokuhlinza. Uma ukususwa kwe-cataract kwenziwa nge-method-extra capsular ngendlela edabukisayo, ukusebenza kwenziwa kanje:
- Isayithi liphathwa nge-antiseptic agent kanye ne-anesthesia.
- I-cut is made from 7 kuya 10 mm ubude.
- I-capsule yangaphambili ye-lens ne-nucleus yayo isusiwe.
- "Isikhwama" sisusiwe.
- Kufakiwe lens yokufakelwa.
- Ukufakwa kusetshenziswe.
Lapho ukususwa kwe-cataract kwenziwa nge-intracapsular indlela engavamile ukusetshenziswa, ukuhlinzwa kubonakala kanje:
- Phatha isikhumba nxazonke ngesisombululo esikhethekile se-bactericidal.
- I-Anesthetize.
- Yenza ukucubungula okubanzi, ngenxa yalokho umkhawulo we-lens crystalline kufanele uvezwe.
- Iphuzu le-cryoextract lilethwa endaweni eqhutshwayo futhi izicubu "zikhangwa" kuso.
- Susa i-lens ewonakele ngokusebenzisa ukungena.
- Ukusebenzisa le mgodi, ukufakelwa kufakwa futhi kulungiswe.
- Seal the incision.
Ukuhlinzeka nge-ultrasonic kubhekwa "njengezinga legolide". Iqhubeka kanje:
- Ukwelashwa kwe-antiseptic yesikhumba kwenziwa futhi i-anesthesia yendawo isetshenziswa (ukudonsa kusetshenziswa kaningi).
- Ukucubungula okuncane kwenziwa kwi-cornea (cishe 3 mm).
- I-Capsulorhexis iyaqhubeka.
- Ingeniswe emgodini we-fluid ekhethekile, okumele kunciphise ukuzinza kwe-lens.
- Ichotshozwa futhi isusiwe.
- Ukungena kwe-lensocular lens.
- Ukuvala uphawu.
Indlela okuqhutshwa ngayo ukukhipha i-cataract ngedivayisi ye-laser ihluke kakhulu ezindleleni zangaphambilini. Ukungenela okunjalo okuhlinzekwa kwenziwa kanje:
- Yenza i-disinfection yesikhumba kanye ne-anesthesia yendawo.
- I-micronadhesis yenziwa kwi-cornea.
- I-Capsulorhexis yenziwa.
- Isingeniso senziwe ekamelweni elingaphakathi lezinto ze-fiber-optic.
- Ray ubhubhisa i-lens.
- Ama-tubes athathwa esikhwameni.
- Phuma emuva kwe-capsule.
- Faka i-lens intraocular.
- Seal the incision.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?
Ubude bale nqubo bungahluka. Ukususwa kwe-cataract ngokufaka esikhundleni se-lens kwenziwa emaminithini angu-15-20. Kodwa-ke, udokotela kumele abe nesikhathi esisigcinweni, ukuze konke kulungiselelwe ngokufanele ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kwenqubo yamahora ambalwa okuqala isiguli kufanele sifinyelele ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-ophthalmologist.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cataract - isikhathi se-postoperative
Ukubuyiselwa emva kokukhipha kwe-lens ehlanganisiwe ngokuqondile kuxhomeke endleleni yokhetho ekhethiwe. Yonke inkathi ingahle ihlukaniswe ngokomzimba ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Isonto lokuqala emva kokusebenza ukukhipha i-cataract ngokufaka esikhundleni se-lens. Kungase kube nobuhlungu obukhulu endaweni ye-peri-ocular nokuvuvukala.
- Kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-30. Ngalesi sigaba, ubuciko obubonakalayo abuzinzile, ngakho isiguli kufanele sigcine ngokucophelela umgomo wokulondoloza.
- Izinsuku ezingu-31-180 ngemva kokusebenza. Kukhona ukubuyiswa okukhulu kombono.
Izithibelo emva kokusebenza ukukhipha isifo
Phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuselela, isiguli kufanele silandele ngokucophelela imiyalelo kadokotela. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukukhipha i-cataracts, awukwazi ukuphakamisa izinsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yomzimba ayinqatshelwe, njengoba ivusa ukugxuma ekucindezelweni kwe-intraocular futhi kungabangela ukubola kwesisu. Ukuphendula okunjalo kungabangelwa izinqubo ezishisayo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunqaba ukugeza okushisayo, ama-saunas namabhati.
Izithibelo zisebenza ekulele. Akunakwenzeka ukulala ohlangothini lweso eliqhutshwa, nangesisu. Ubude bokunye nakho kubalulekile. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa, isikhathi esincane sokulala esiboniswe yi-ophthalmologists ngamahora angu-8-9. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula ebusuku umzimba ubuyiselwe, ngakho-ke akufanele uwulahle.
Imingcele eyengeziwe ihlanganisa:
- umthwalo wokubukwa;
- izimonyo zokuhlobisa (ungayisebenzisa kusukela emavikini amane emva kokukhipha futhi ngokucophelela);
- ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezidakayo;
- ukubhema;
- ukwenqaba ukudla okunamafutha, izinongo kanye nama-pickle ngenyanga yokuqala yokuvuselelwa.
Izinkinga emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract
Ngisho nomhlinzeki ohlinzayo wezifo ophuthumayo akanakuvikela ngokugcwele emiphumeleni emibi. Ngemuva kokusebenza ukuze kususwe i-cataracts, izinkinga ezinjalo zingathuthuka:
- ukuxoshwa kwe-retina (kaningi kaningi kubonakala kulesifo sikashukela);
- ukufuduka kwe-lens efakiwe;
- i-cataract yesibili;
- ukugaya amanzi egumbini langaphakathi;
- i-edema.
Ukuvuselelwa emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract
Ukuvikela iso kusuka ezintweni ezimbi zangaphandle kuzosiza ukubopha. Isetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukuvuselela emva kokususwa kwe-cataract kwakungekho izinkinga, udokotela wayibeke imithi. Amaconsi ama-Eye anezinyathelo zokulwa nokuvuvukala nezokubulala amagciwane ezidingekayo ukuze kuphulukiswe ngokushesha ngokushesha kwe-cornea.
Uma isiguli sinomthwalo ophelele wokugcwalisa ukuqashwa kukadokotela, inqubo yokuvuselela ngeke ihlale isikhathi eside. Emva kokusebenza kubalulekile ukuvakashela ophthalmologist njalo. Ukuvakashelwa okunjalo kuzosiza ekutholeni izifo ezibangelwa isifo sezempilo ekuqaleni. Kubalulekile ukuba udle ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokuvuselela. Imenyu yansuku zonke kufanele ihanjiswe nemikhiqizo enekhono eliphakeme lamavithamini A, C, E.
Ukusebenza ukukhipha i-cataracts - imiphumela
Ngokuvamile ukucindezeleka okungalungile ngemuva kokungenelela kokuhlinzeka kubonakala ezigulini ezinezifo ezingapheli. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela, izifo zegazi nokunye. Imiphumela engathandeki nayo ingenzeka uma isebenza lens esigabeni sokuvuthwa. Iziguli ezinjalo emva kokususwa kwe-cataract, ukuvakashelwa kudokotela njalo kunqunywe.