Ama-penicillin yiqembu lama-antibiotic akhiqizwa yizinhlobo zezibumba ze-genus Penicillium. Zisebenza ngokumelene nesenzo se-bactericidal ku-Gram-positive, futhi nezinye izincane zegram-negative. Ama-antibiotics wechungechunge lwe-penicillin awabandakanyi izakhi zemvelo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi abuye ahlangane ne-semisynthetic.
Izakhiwo:
- Izindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo zama-dosage.
- Imiphumela emibi kakhulu emzimbeni.
- Uhlobo olubanzi lwesenzo.
- Ukwelapha okungahambisani neminye kwezinye izinhlobo zama-penicillin.
- Ukwamukela ngokushesha nokusabalalisa emzimbeni.
- Ukungena okuhle kube yizicubu, iziphuzo zomzimba.
- Ukuphumelela okusheshayo kokuhlushwa kokwelapha.
- Ukususwa okusheshayo emzimbeni.
Ukufaneleka
I-antibiotics yeqembu le-penicillin, ngenxa yobuthi babo obuphansi, yizinhlelo zokuphefumula ezinokubekezelela kahle kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi engathandeki yenziwa kuphela uma kukhona i-hypersensitivity noma i-penicillin. Ngeshwa, ukuphendula okunjalo kubonakala kunani labantu abanzi (kuze kube ngu-10%) futhi asakazeli kuphela emithini yemithi, kodwa nakweminye iminye imikhiqizo nezimonyo eziqukethe i-antibiotic. Ukunciphisa i-penicillin kunokwenzeka uma kungenwa emzimbeni kwanoma yikuphi, ngisho nomthamo omncane kakhulu wezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, nge-hypersensitivity kanye nokuphendula okweqile kuyadingeka ukhethe ama-antibiotics ngaphandle kwe-penicillin nama-analogue angenasifo semithi.
Ifomu lokukhishwa
Ama-Antibiotics uchungechunge lwe-penicillin atholakala kumathebulethi:
- Amaphilisi e-Penicillin-ekormoline we-resorption.
- Amaphilisi e-Penicillin-ekormoline wokuphatha ngomlomo.
- Amaphilisi e-penicillin ane-citrate ye-sodium.
Ipowder isetshenziselwa ukulungisa isisombululo kanye nokujola.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ama-antibiotics weqembu le-penicillin anezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-penicillin yemvelo - itholakala emvelweni lapho isikhunta se-penicillin sikhula.
- I-penicillin ye-biosynthetic - itholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo.
- I-penicillin ye-Semisynthetic - itholakala ngesisekelo se-asidi eseceleni kwe-penicillin yemvelo (ama-antibiotics asekelwe penicillin).
Izindawo zokusebenza:
I-penicillin yama-antibiotic inezinyathelo eziningi kakhulu futhi inomthelela omubi kubhaktheriya obangela ukuqala kwesifo:
- ukutheleleka kwepheshana eliphezulu nokuphefumula;
- ukutheleleka komgudu wamathumbu;
- ukutheleleka kwamagciwane;
- izifo ze-venereal;
- izinqubo ze-ophthalmologic.
Imiphumela emibi
Naphezu kokubekezela okuhle, ama-antibiotics avela eqenjini le-penicillin akwazi ukubhekana nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni:
1. Ukuphendula okwe-allergen nokucindezeleka:
- i-dermatitis;
- ukuqhuma isikhumba;
- ukuvuvukala kwezinambuzane ezimangcwaba;
- ukunqotshwa kwesistimu yokugaya;
- i-arthritis;
- i-spasm ye-bronchi;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-anaphylactic;
- i-edema yobuchopho;
- i-arthralgia.
2. Ukusabela okweshukela:
- isicasuli;
- isifo sohudo;
- i-stomatitis;
- i-glossitis;
- i-necrosis yemisipha;
- i-candidiasis yesigxobo somlomo nesesiswini;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-superinfection;
- i-dysbiosis yamathumbu;
- i-thrombophlebitis.
3. Ukuphendula kwe-neurotoxic:
- izindlu;
- ukuxubha;
- i-Delirium;
- ukwephula umthetho wegazi.
4. Ukusabela okuqondile:
- ukungena kwendawo;
- izinkinga ze-vascular system (One and Nicolau syndromes).
Kuze kube manje, ukwelashwa nge-penicillin kungenye yezindlela eziphumelelayo kakhulu zokulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kodwa ukuqokwa kwakhe kufanele kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni udokotela ngokuhambisana nokuhlaziywa nokuhlolwa kwe-allergenic.