Kunamafomu ama-5 anthroponous acute infiratory infections (AORVI). Kumuntu, izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela ze-parainfluenza ziyingozi, izinhlobo ezimbili ezisele zithinta izilwane. Igciwane liyadluliselwa kuphela ngamaconsi emvelo, emkhathini ozungezayo ilahlekelwa ubunzima ngaphakathi kwamahora amabili kuya kwangu-2-4.
Pathogen parainfluenza
Izifo eziphefumulelwe eziphefumulelwe zihlasela amaseli e-RNA-genomic pathological. I-parainfluenza igciwane lesimo esihlukile, okubangela cishe izimpawu ezifanayo. Zifana ne-banal hypothermia futhi zivame ukuba mnene, ikakhulu uma amasosha omzimba omuntu esebenza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuxilongwa kwe-AORVI kunzima.
I-Paragripp 1 yohlobo
Lolu hlobo lwesifo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza lubizwa ngokuthi yi-HPIV-1. Izingane zivame ukuthinteka yi-parainfluenza enjalo-izifo ezithathelwanayo ngendlela yokuvuvukala kwe-larynx kanye ne-respiratory tract (croup) zishukunyiswa uhlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology. Kamuva lesi sifo siholela ekuvinjeni nasekuvimbeleni izidakamizwa. Ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka, kubalulekile ukuqaphela i-parainfluenza ngesikhathi esifanele - izimpawu nokwelashwa kwegciwane kuzoncika ngesilinganiso sokusabalalisa emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungabangela imiphumela engaphendukiyo, kuhlanganise ne-bronchitis ne-asthma engapheli.
I-Paragripp 2 izinhlobo
Ifomu elicatshangwayo le-AORVI cishe lifana nokuhlelwa kohlobo lokuqala lwegciwane. Izingane eziphindwe kabili izikhathi ezivame ukuthinteka yi-parainfluenza - izici zokuzivikela kwengane kanye nokusebenza kwayo okungazinzile kubangela ukuphakama okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo ukutheleleka kokugula. I-HPIV-2 iyimbangela eyinhloko ye-croup kanye nokuqubuka kwayo kwe-epidemiological.
I-Paragripp 3 izinhlobo
Uhlobo oluthiwe lwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza luthinta abantu nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ukutheleleka kubhekene nokusebenza okwanele kwesistimu yomzimba. Amafomu we-Paragripp 3 ahlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- i-bronchiolitis;
- i-edema ejwayelekile yendlela yokuphefumula namaphaphu;
- i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya (emva kokunamathiswa kokutheleleka kwe-microbial secondary);
- i-bronchitis enzima .
Le-AORVI ivame ukubangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Kunconywa ukuhlolisisa i-parainfluenza - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwemiphumela yokuphefumula yesifo ngesikhathi sokuqala, uma ukwelashwa okwanele kuqala ngesikhathi. Uma kungenjalo, i-bronchi ingavinjelwa ipulaki elimangalisa elidala ukuhluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula noma i-hypoxia.
I-Paragripp - isikhathi sokuxubha
Isikhathi sokuphindaphinda okufihliwe kwamangqamuzana egazini emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale izimpawu ezicacile zokukhubazeka kwezinsuku ezingu-2-7. I-parainfluenza ibonakala ngokusabalala okuncane futhi ukungenele emithonjeni yezinto eziphilayo (igazi ne-lymph), kodwa ukutheleleka okuphezulu. Umuntu ogulayo usuleleka amahora angu-24 ngemuva kokutheleleka, ngisho noma engenayo izibonakaliso zesifo futhi ayikho inkomba yokwelashwa.
Izimpawu zeParagripp
Umfanekiso wesitholampilo we-pathology echazwe kufana nesibanda noma i-hypothermia. Iparainfluenza - izimpawu kubantu abadala:
- izwi elidumayo noma elizwakalayo;
- ubuhlungu nokubomvu emqaleni;
- I-Percolation ku-pharynx;
- ukukhwehlela okomile okukhulu ("ukukhahlela");
- ukwehlisa, ukulala;
- lokushisa okuphansi (kuze kufinyelele kuma-degree angu-38);
- ngezinye izikhathi - umkhuhlane;
- ikhanda;
- ukuphuza ngokweqile (isicanucanu, ama-aches ohlangene);
- ukulahlekelwa ukudla.
Ukuqina kakhudlwana umkhuhlane wegazi, okungenakuphikwa yi-parainfluenza - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kubantu abanokuphikisana okukhulu nokutheleleka akudingi ngisho nokwelashwa kothisha. Umzimba uhlangabezana ngokuzimela negciwane kanye nokubonakaliswa kokuphefumula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa (3-5). Ngokuthola zonke izimo ezinzima, lesi sifo esibuzwayo asibangeli.
Ukuxilongwa kweparinfluenza
Odokotela ikakhulukazi banomkhawulo wokuhlolwa kwesiguli kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-anamnesis, ukubhalisa i-ARVI. Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kweparinfluenza kuyadingeka kuphela lapho kukhona izinkinga noma ingozi yentuthuko yabo ngokulandelana kokuzivikela komzimba obuthakathaka. Ukuze uhlukanise ukutheleleka kwe-anthropogenous kusuka kwamanye amagciwane bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izifundo ezilandelayo zenziwa:
- ukuveza imfucuza ye-immunofluorescence;
- i-haemagglutination inhibition reaction;
- i-enzyme immunoassay;
- ukuqinisa ukuphendula kokulungisa;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwandiswa kwegazi.
I-Paragripp - ukwelashwa
Njenge-ARVI ye-classic, azikho izindlela zokwelapha eziqondene nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-HPIV. Indlela kuphela yokuqeda i-parainfluenza ukunciphisa izimpawu bese uphatha ukwelashwa okuhambisana nesithombe somtholampilo. Izincomo zodokotela:
- Umbuso wokulala noma uhhafu wombhede. Ukuphumula nokulala okugcwele kuzosheshisa ukutakula.
- Ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezifudumele. I-tea, izithelo nezithelo ze-berry kanye neziphuzo zezithelo ziyanciphisa ukucasula kwe-pharynx futhi zithuthukise ukuphuma kwezidakamizwa emzimbeni.
- Ukudla kwamavithamini namaminerali. Izinto eziwusizo ziqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi zisize ukuba silwe negciwane.
Ukwelapha okuphawulekayo kufana nezibonakaliso ezihambisana ne-parainfluenza - lokushisa, ukukhwehlela kanye nephunga eligijima. Ukuqeda lezi zibonakaliso zempilo ziqokwa:
- i-antipyretic ;
- ama-mucolytics nama-bronchodilators;
- i-vasoconstrictor yehla emmpeni;
- ama-antihistamine;
- abaphulukisi;
- anti-inflammatory.
Uma ukutheleleka kokubili kwebhaktheriya kufakwe, lochwepheshe uzokukhetha imithi elwa nemithi ephumelelayo. Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwe-agent ye-antimicrobial, udokotela uzothumela i-phlegm (kusukela ku-pharynx noma ekhaleni) ekuhloleni kwelabhorethri. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuhlonza izinsizakalo ezivusa inqubo yokuvuvukala, futhi ukuqinisa ukuzwela kwezidakamizwa ezahlukene.
Izinkinga ze-parafluenza
Ezimweni eziningi, ukubikezelwa ngefomu echazwe ngokuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kulungile. Izinkinga emva kwe-parainfluenza zenzeka ezimweni ezihlukile, zihlobene nomsebenzi ophansi wesistimu yokuvikela umzimba noma ama-immunodefacencies. Imiphumela ekhona engozini ye-AORVI:
- okusanhlamvu (ezinganeni);
- i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya;
- i-bronchitis enzima;
- i-laryngitis;
- ukuvinjelwa kwemikhumbi yomoya;
- sinusitis purulent.
Ukuvimbela i-parainfluenza
Isilinganiso esiphumelelayo sokuvimbela igciwane esibucayi sinciphisa ukuthintana nabantu abathintekayo. Uma umuntu osendaweni eseduze noma ilungu lomndeni esenesandulela ngculaza, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa naye ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isiguli sisegumbini elihlukile futhi sidle ezitsha zomuntu siqu. Eminye imisebenzi edingekayo:
- ukuvuthwa okuhlelekile;
- ukuhlanza njalo okumanzi;
- uma kunokwenzeka, i-quartz noma ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-aroma ezine-anti-anti-inflammatory esters;
- Ukugeza njalo kwezandla nobuso.
Umgomo wokulwa ne-parainfluenza awukakhiwa, ngakho-ke ababelapha baxwayisa ukuthi bahlanganyele ekuqiniseni isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokwandisa ukumelana komzimba:
- Ncoma ukudla nge amino acid, amaprotheni namaminerali.
- Zithatha amavithamini noma izithako zokudla ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Zama ukuqina.
- Ukwenza isikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba.
- Thola ukulala ngokwanele.