Ngokuvamile, impumelelo yokwelashwa komdlavuza yayihlotshaniswa nokuhlinzwa, ngoba yilokho okukuvumela ukuba ususe isisu. Kodwa inqubo ye-oncology ivame kakhulu, amasu amaningi okuhlinzeka awakwazi ukubhubhisa zonke izidakamizwa.
Yini yokwelapha okuhlosiwe?
Muva nje, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kunakhokhwa ekuthuthukiseni kwezokwelapha kanye ne-biotechnology, ngoba ngosizo lwabo isiguli singakwazi ukukhohlwa kuze kube phakade ngesifo. Enye yezobuchwepheshe obusha kunazo zonke emkhakheni we-oncology iyindlela yokwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngale ndlela kusekelwe ezimisweni zethonya elihlosiwe lamalungiselelo ezokwelapha emisebenzini eyisisekelo yamangqamuzana evusa ukubonakala kwesifo. I-molecule ethile, ehlotshaniswa nokukhula kwamangqamuzana e-tumor, ivinjelwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Ngakho-ke, imishanguzo emaphashini, izinso, izilonda ezincelisayo kanye nezinye izitho zithinteka futhi hhayi nje kuphela ezingathuthuki, kodwa zibhujiswa ngokuphelele.
Ukwelapha okulindelekile kuhlukile kakhulu kokunye ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe , njengoba kubangela ukufa kwamaseli kuphela amathumba. Akusho ukuthi awunamthelela omubi emathisini aphilile omzimba womuntu, okungukuthi, akubangeli imiphumela emibi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise usizo lwakhe, ngisho nakulezo zimo lapho i-chemotherapy iphikisana, isibonelo, uma isiguli sisesimweni esibi kakhulu.
Izidakamizwa ezibhekiswe nini?
Ukwelashwa okubhekiswe kungenziwa uma unayo:
- umdlavuza wokubala;
- umdlavuza webele;
- umdlavuza wezinso;
- umdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Kuyasiza:
- ukuzinzisa inqubo embi;
- ukudlulisa inqubo embi kusukela ekuthuthukisweni okusebenzayo kuya kwesiguli;
- ukunciphisa umthamo we-radiation nomthamo we-chemotherapy;
- ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda komdlavuza ngemuva kokuqedwa ukwelashwa ezinye izindlela;
- ukulawula ukukhula komdlavuza we-metastases.
Iziphi izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe?
Ngokwemvelo yomphumela, izidakamizwa zokwelashwa okubhekiswe kumdlavuza zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal yi-antigens-oncogenes ezibophezela ku-oncogenes futhi ngesikhathi esifushane zivimbela umsebenzi wazo.
- I-Kinase inhibitors yizinhlanganisela eziphansi zamangqamuzana ezinciphisa umsebenzi we-oncogenes ezithinta ukwehlukaniswa okungalawulwa kwamaseli omdlavuza.
- Abakhiqizi bavuselela i-necrosis, ukuhlukanisa noma i-apoptosis.
Amaseli asebenza kahle kunazo zonke zokwelashwa okuhlosiwe yi:
- Imatinib;
- I-Avastin;
- Herceptin;
- Rituximab.
Avastin
Lo muthi uphelela kakhulu ukukhula kwezikebhe zesisu. Yenza ukunciphisa okubonakalayo enenethiwekhi yamasosha kakade esigabeni sokuqala sokwelashwa. Lo muthi unciphisa igazi ukugcwalisa ushukela, okwehlisa ukukhula komdlavuza. Ukwelashwa okubhekiswe ku-Avastin kuvumela ukunqoba umdlavuza webele, i-colon ngisho ne-glioblastoma yobuchopho.
I-Tarceva
I-agent ibhekwa njengesidakamizwa esithandwa kakhulu. Ihlehlisa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izivimbela ngokuphelele, ukukhula kwe-tumor, kuqeda izimpawu zesifo futhi kusize inhlalakahle yeziguli. Okwamanje, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe nalesi sidakamizwa kunika umphumela omuhle womdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza we-pancreatic
Iressa
Lesi sidakamizwa, esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-chemotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kodwa ngosizo lwawo unganciphisa ubukhulu besisu kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwale mithi enezidakamizwa ezivamile zokuvimbela. Ithria yokwelashwa okuhlosiwe nayo inqunyelwe umdlavuza wezinso noma wamaphaphu ukukhulula isimo sesiguli lapho i-chemotherapy engayinikezi imiphumela emihle.