Ngokuqinisekile, bonke abalimi nabalimi bayazi ukuthi ekutshalweni kwazo zonke izitshalo, isimo esibophezelayo siwukufaka umanyolo. Yenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene nangezikhathi ezahlukene. Ukondla okunjalo ngenkathi ukukhula okusebenzayo kwesitshalo kuzokhokha kamuva ngokuvunwa okuhle. Ngokujwayelekile, umanyolo wemvelo (humus, umquba ) kanye namanyolo wamaminerali (asetshenzisiwe, nitrogen, potassium, phosphoric) asetshenziswa. Sizokutshela ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-superphosphate nezinzuzo zayo ezitshalweni.
Superphosphate: ukwakheka
I-Superphosphate iyi-nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer esebenzayo kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-phosphorus engenhla (26%) ne-nitrogen (6%), i-superphosphate inezinhlobo ezincane njenge-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium nesulfure ezidingekayo ukuze izitshalo zidle futhi zikhule. Lo umanyolo utholakala ngesimo se-powder bese uguqa kufika ku-4 mm ngesayizi.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemanyolo. I-Superphosphate iyilungiselelo elilula-elisebenzayo elinamapulangwe, kodwa inhlanzi yalo enkulu yiyona ingxenye enkulu yamanzi angenayo i-gypsum (kuze kube ku-40%). Lesi sici asizuzi izitshalo, kodwa abalimi baphoqeleka ukuba bagqoke amaphakethe anzima okwengezwayo. Kodwa lesi sidakamizwa kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi asikwenzi ikhekhe.
Kusukela elula, i-Superphosphate i-granulated ne-30% ye-calcium sulfate okuqukethwe. I-superphosphate ephindwe kabili iyingxenye encane ye-gypsum kanye nenani elikhudlwana le-phosphate elisezingeni eliphezulu (kuze kufinyelele ku-50%) ekubunjweni.
Yini i-superphosphate esetshenziselwa?
Ngokuvamile, i-phosphorus iyisici esheshayo ukuguqulwa kusukela esigabeni sokukhula okukhulayo kwezithombo kusigaba se-fruiting. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mzimba uthuthukisa ukunakwa kwezithelo zemifino nezitshalo zeberry. I-Phosphorus ikhona emvelweni ngendlela yokwenziwa komzimba kanye nezamaminerali, kodwa ukugaya kwayo kwezitshalo kuphansi. Yingakho ukwengeza okwengeziwe nge-superphosphate kuyadingeka, ngenxa yokuthi:
- kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande;
- ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwezithelo;
- ukwandisa ukwanda;
- Izinqubo ze-oxidative ezitshalweni ziyancipha.
Indlela yokwenza i-superphosphate?
Lo umanyolo we-phosphorus usetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemhlabathi, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo okukhethekile kutholakala enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi neye-alkaline. Kodwa-ke, enhlabathini ene-acid reaction, i-phosphoric acid esuka ku-superphosphate iguqulwa ibe yi-aluminium kanye ne-iron phosphates, izinhlanganisela ukuthi, ngeshwa, azihlanganisi izitshalo. Kulesi simo, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuxuba umuthi nge-limestone noma humus.
Ngokuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwe-superphosphate entwasahlobo nasekwindla kusetshenziselwa ukumba umhlabathi nokuhlwanyela izitshalo, futhi futhi njengomanyolo oyinhloko wamaminerali wokudla kokudla. Ngokuyinhloko, ukutshala izitshalo ezifana namazambane, utamatisi, ubhontshisi, ummbila, ikhukhamba kanye nokuthola isivuno esiphezulu, kuvame ukululekwa ukuba wengeze leyo nto lapho uhlwanyela ngqo emithonjeni.
Ngakho, isicelo se-superphosphate sidinga ukulinganisa okulandelayo okuphakanyisiwe:
- 40-50 g / m² lapho ugoba ekwindla noma entwasahlobo;
- lapho utshala izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nezithombo 3 g emthonjeni ngamunye;
- 15-20 g / m² izitshalo eziphezulu zokugqoka esimweni esomile;
- 40-60 g / m² ne-bait yezihlahla zegadi.
Indlela yokupheka ihood kusuka ku-superphosphate?
Ukusheshisa ukulethwa komanyolo ezitshalweni, abalimi abaningi-balimi benza isinqumo sokulungisa i-hood. Kodwa-ke, akulula ukwenza lokhu, njengoba ngokuvamile i-gypsum ekulungiseleleni inqanda. Ngakho-ke, uma ubhekene nombuzo wokuthi ungaqeda kanjani i-superphosphate emanzini, sincoma ukusebenzisa into ngendlela efomula lokhu. Ukuze uthole ilitha lamanzi ashisayo kuyadingeka ukuthatha 100 g we-double superphosphate, uhlanganise kahle, ubilise isigamu sehora ukuchithwa okusheshayo kanye nobunzima. Khumbula ukuthi i-100 ml yalokhu kukhishwa ishintshwa ngu-20 g wezithako ezisebenzayo. Uma lezi 100 g zihlakazwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, isixazululo esiphumela singakwazi ukucubungula imitha eyi-1 yenhlabathi.