Omama abaningi abasha banenkathazo lapho i-fontanelle igcwele umntwana, ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye amaphutha ziye zathatha izimpande, okwenza kubalulekile ukugxila kulolu hlobo lwesisu lwezingane. Yikuphi ukwehluka okuvela ezinsukwini kungabonisa, sizocubungula.
Rodnichok ezisanda kuzalwa - kuyini?
Ukwakhiwa kwekhanda kubantwana abancane akufani nabantu abadala. Enkambeni yokuthuthukiswa komntwana we-fetus, okuthiwa ama-fontanels akhiwa ezindaweni eziyinhloko ezingenayo i-neocoastened ezixhuma amathambo e-skull, okwakhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokubunjwa kwe-fastening, i-sutures engapheli kancane. Intwasahlobo yezingane yimbumbulu enesisindo sokuqina kwezicubu ezixhumene nazo ezivikela kahle ukulimala (ngakho-ke ungesabi ukuncika, ukugeza, ukugeza ikhanda lemvuthuluka).
Mangaki ama-fontanels ingane enayo?
Inani eliphelele lamapayinelana enganeni liyisithupha:
- i-frontan (enkulu) i-fontanel enganeni - itholakala e-temechka, ekuhlanganiseni kwamathambo angaphambili kanye ne-parietal;
- Emuva - liphakathi kwamathambo wesipilitali namapayetal amabili;
- i-pairan ye-fontalels lateral (okwenziwe emgqeni) - phakathi kwe-parietal, amathambo, ama-frontal kanye nama-wedge enemibala;
- i-pairal ye-lateral (i-mastoid) - phakathi kwama-parietal, amathambo we-temporal ne-occipital.
Iyini i-fontanel yezingane?
Uma sicabangela ukuthi kungani le fontanel, kufanele kubonakale ngokushesha ukuthi indima yalezi zakhiwo zisebenza kanjani. I-Rodnichki yenza kube lula ukuthi amathambo omzimba atholakale omunye komunye, ngaleyo ndlela anciphisa ubukhulu bekhanda futhi aguqule ubukhulu bekhanda elincane lomama (ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwekhanda, ikhanda libonakala lide, kodwa ngokushesha ifomu evamile libuyiselwe). Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze amathambo ekhanda ahambe ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa umsele wokubeletha ngesikhathi sokubeletha, futhi umthwalo nokucindezela kwamathisini esithambo nobuchopho babuncane.
Ngaphandle kwama-fontanels, amathuba okulimala enhloko yengane yomntwana nengane yomama ingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Esikhathini esizayo bathatha eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile:
- ukushisa (ukususwa kokushisa ngokweqile kusuka ebuchosheni ngokushisa okukhulayo);
- imisebenzi yokumangalisa - ukunciphisa amandla okulimala ekulimazeni, iwa;
- Ukuhlinzeka isikhala esiphezulu sokukhula kobuchopho obuvamile ngesilinganiso semvelo.
Yini okufanele ibe yi-fontanel yengane?
Ubukhulu bezinhlamvu zamafonti ezinganeni ziyahlukahluka. I-lateral incane, njengezinhlangothi ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-5 mm ububanzi. Ngokuvamile, izinsana ezizalwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziphuza isikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngokushesha emva kwayo (izinyanga ezimbili) futhi zingabonakali kubazali. I-fontanelle yangemuva inesimo esingunxantathu nobukhulu obungaphezu kwama-7-10 mm. Iningi lezinsuku ezigcwele elizayo lizalwa nge-fontanelle elivaliwe, kodwa okukhethwa kukho okujwayelekile kuyindawo yaso evulekile ekuzalweni.
I-fontanel enkulu yomsana isine-shape ye-rhombus elinganiselwa ku-2 ngo-2 noma kwe-3 ngo-3 cm. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuzalwa, ivulekile, bese ivala kancane kancane. Ukuze ulawule izinga lokuchichima kwalo, isilinganiso senziwa ekuhloleni komzimba ngamunye futhi imiphumela ibhalwe ekhadini. Kodwa kungenzeka ukwenze lokhu ekhaya, okungekho amakhono akhethekile noma amathuluzi adingekayo - faka iminwe yakho hhayi ekuqondeni phambili emaceleni edayimane, kodwa emaphethelweni ayo (ububanzi bomunwe buyi-1 cm).
Uneminyaka engakanani i-fontanel engaphezu kwezingane?
Uma kuthiwa lapho i-fontanelle ikhula emntwaneni, isimiso ngokuvamile sithinta i-fontanel yangaphakathi. Amangqamuzana ukuthi umngcele we-fontanel emaphethelweni athambile, ngakho-ke ngokucindezela okuncane, umuntu angazizwa ehamba kancane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izicubu ezinamandla kakhulu ziqala ukukhula zizungezile, ukuze amathambo athambile akhule. Kancane kancane, i-membrane yesikhumba ehlangene ithathelwa amathambo amathambo, futhi i-fontanelle igcwele.
Yile ndlela izinqubo ze-ossification ziqhubeka ngayo, kodwa imigomo yabo ingahluka ngokuphawulekayo kubantwana abahlukene - kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya eminyakeni emibili. Ezimweni eziningi, i-fontanel enkulu ivaliwe enyangeni eneminyaka engu-10-14, kanti lezi zibalo zithathwa njengezinga elijwayelekile lokulinganisa. Abanye bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi uma i-fontanelle ivala ingane, ukukhula kwe-skull kuphelile. Eqinisweni, izitho zangasese ezihlangene akuzona kuphela isikhala sokukhula kwe-skull, futhi imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu yalezi yizimboni, ezihlala zivulekile kuze kube seminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Uma i-fontanelle ingaphezu kokuvamile
Ezinye izingane zizalwa nge-fontanelle yangaphakathi, zifinyelela ku-3.5 cm noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuyinto evamile uma umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma enesabelo esiyingxenye yefa (omunye wabazali wazalwa enefonti enkulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okuhambisana nokuntuleka emzimbeni kamama wamavithamini namaminerali. Ukuvalwa kwe-fontanel ezinganeni ezidlula ubukhulu obujwayelekile kungenzeka zenzeke kancane kancane. Udinga ukubona udokotela uma usayizi ungashintshi eneminyaka eyi-8.
I-pathologically i-fontanel enkulu ingahlanganiswa nokuphulwa okunjalo:
- ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- i-hydrocephalus ;
- ukwephula ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu ye-osseous nokunye.
Spring isingaphansi kokujwayelekile
I-fontanel encane enganeni ekubelethweni ivame ukuyingxenye eyodwa ye-skull ehlobene nezici zofuzo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kwezicubu nobuchopho ezinyangeni zokuqala ezinhlanu zokuphila, kungase kwande kancane. Kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela uma i-fontanelle ikhula emntwaneni, futhi yiziphi izilinganiso zayo, kodwa futhi ububanzi, ukulingana kwekhanda, isimo somntwana jikelele.
Izimbangela ze-fontanel encane ezihlobene nezifo:
- i-craniosynostosis;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine;
- izifo zegazi;
- izinkinga zamandla nokunye.
Kungani i-fontanel ingakhuli kumntwana?
Uma isikhathi esiphezulu sesilinganiso sisondela lapho i-fontanel kufanele ikhuliswe ngokuphelele emntwaneni, futhi izinga lokuvalwa kwalo liyingcosana kakhulu, lingabonisa ukuthi kukhona ukutholakala kwamathambo:
- izifo ezibangelwa isifo sofuba;
- i-rickets ;
- achondrodysplasia;
- I-Down's syndrome kanye nabanye.
Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi uma i-fontanelle igxila esikhathini sengane, cishe akuwona neze uphawu oluyisifo somzimba kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba unake ukubonakaliswa okunjalo njengokwenyuka kwemizwa, ukujuluka, ukufisa ukudla, ukuhlushwa, nokuphulwa kokuphendula kwengqondo. Ukuthola isizathu kungenza udokotela kuphela, eqhuba izifundo ezithile futhi ehlola ngokucophelela isimo somntwana, ecabangela izici zomthethosisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwabazali kule nkathi.
Ungadluli i-fontanel - yini okufanele uyenze?
Abazali abaningi baqala ukukhathazeka uma ingane ineminyaka ubudala, i-fontanel ayigcini. Uma kukhona ukukhathazeka ngesimo somntwana, kubalulekile ukuthi ahlolwe udokotela wezingane, i-endocrinologist, i-neurologist, i-geneticist. Ukuhlaziywa kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi i-calcium ingakanani emzimbeni wengane. Ukwelashwa okunye kunqunywe ngokuhambisana nesifo sokuhlonza. Abazali akufanele bahlele imithi yabo futhi basebenzise amasu athandwayo.