- Ikheli: Gran Vía, 28013 Madrid, eSpain
Mhlawumbe, edolobheni ngalinye kunezitaladi ezibalulekile, izindlela zesimo, izindlela ezingavamile ezifana neJardin Ring Ring eMoscow, eWall Street eNew York, e-Silver Street eTokyo, eMadrid, "umgwaqo omkhulu" obizwa ngokuthi yi-Via Gran Via, . Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngisho neminyaka engu-150 eyedlule kwakuhlekwa usulu, futhi namuhla - ukuziqhenya kwedolobha lasendulo. Leli akuwona umgwaqo ophakathi, hhayi indawo enkulu, lokhu kuyisiqondiso phakathi nendawo yedolobha, ukuxhuma kahle izindawo zeRoyal Palace nePrado Boulevard. Ngaphandle komgwaqo, ngakolunye uhlangothi noma ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhiwo ezintsha ngisho nezakhi zendawo eziphakeme zakhula ngezindlela ezahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
Isizinda Esimlando
Umqondo wokwakhiwa kukaGran Via Madrid wasuka ngo-1862, idolobha ngaleso sikhathi lathuthuka ngokungalingani, futhi kude nakwezindlu zezindlu nezinqaba ezixhunywe emakolandeni ngisho nasezikhungweni. Phakathi nekhulu le-XIX kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezindlu eziningana zokuhlala, ngaleyo ndlela uguqule indawo empofu ibe yindawo ehloniphekile. Kodwa eminyakeni engamashumi amane kamuva, ummeli wedolobha kanye nombhange waseFrance uMartin Albert Silver basayina isivumelwano sokuqala kabusha. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngokuvulwa okukhulu ngo-Ephreli 5, 1910.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi, izindlu ezingaphezu kuka-300 nezitaladi ezingu-14 zadilizwa, ngakho-ke iGran Via Street, amamitha angu-35 ububanzi namamitha angu-1315 ubude, kwavela. Umgwaqo omkhulu wase Priesa wehlelwa yizingxenye ezingamamitha angu-4, ngoba lezi zindlu eziningi zakhiwe izindonga, zakhiwe phansi phansi kanye nezindlu zangasese ezinezisekelo. Ezinye izihlahla azange zinqunywe, kodwa zitshalwe eduze nasemakhaya azo. I-Gran Via ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: isitayela sezindlu ezingezona kabusha, khona-ke isitayela sesiFulentshi nesimanje, kanti okwesithathu yi-American rationalism. Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho ingxenye ngayinye yomgwaqo yayinegama layo, futhi amahemuhemu akhathazayo emgwaqweni abuyele kamuva nje.
Ukwakhiwa ngokuphelele kwaqedwa ngo-1952 kuphela; Umgwaqo omusha uqala kusukela emgwaqeni nge-Alkala Street futhi uhlala e- Plaza yaseSpain .
Izindawo ezithakazelisayo kuGran Via Madrid
Ngokuvamile, umgwaqo ungacatshangwa ngokuthi i-encyclopedia yezakhiwo, ngoba yakhiwe ngaphezu kwamashumi eminyaka, ngayinye yaletha indlela yayo futhi ibonakala ngesitayela nokuklanywa kwezakhiwo, okudumile kunazo zonke:
- Isakhiwo sokuqala emgwaqeni ophethe i-Alkala Street yisakhiwo seMetropolis . Yakhiwa ngo-1911 yinkampani yomshuwalense yiprojekthi ekhethekile evela kubazalwane abaFreevree. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinhle zakudala kuhlotshiswe ngodonga, futhi yena, uyisifanekiso sokunqoba kukaNicky. Kuze kube ngo-1972, esikhundleni salokho kwakuyizinyoni zasePhoenix.
- Eceleni kwakhe kukhona indlu No. 1 Gran Vía - isakhiwo se- Grassy , esakhiwe ngo-1917 ngenkampani efanayo negama eliyigugu. Isakhiwo sihlotshiswe nge-turret nxazonke. Njengamanje, igumbi lokuqala lihlala emnyuziyamu wamawashi.
- Inombolo engaqondakali engu-13 ingokwendlu yezikhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho - esikhungweni samasiko ebutho nempi. Ngaphambili kwakukhona i- Casino Militar , uhlobo lweqembu lesikhulu. Lesi sakhiwo savulwa ngo-1916 futhi sidume ngezingaphakathi zayo ezicebile.
- Ukulandela emgwaqweni uzohlangana nesakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke zomgwaqo - isonto lamaKatolika e-Oratorio del Caballero de Gracia (i-Oratorio del Caballero de Gracia). Ngomnyaka ka-1795, isonto lakhiwa kabusha ngemali kusukela e-Royal Lottery yokuqala.
- Cha. 21 kungokwalase- Senator Hotel yaseChic . Ihotela linikezwe isimo sezinkanyezi ezine, egcekeni elincane lehhotela elakhelwe i-elevator elizokuphakamisa ephahleni nedamu kanye nokubuka kwe-chic ekugcineni.
- Ngokuphambene nehhotela yiyona yokuqala yaseBurophu yaseTelfonica , eyavela ngo-1930, inombolo yendlu 28, ekuqaleni kwesigaba sesibili seGran Via. Ukuphakama kwalo kungamamitha angu-81, okwamnika iminyaka eminingana isimo sesakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eYurophu. Iwashi embhoshongweni yabonakala kuphela ngo-1967, futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule bahlotshiswe ngokukhanyisa. Ukwakhiwa kwamathayiponi, umakhi waseMelika ukhululiwe ngokukhethekile.
- Ngokuqhubeka kancane ngakwesinye icala emgwaqweni uGran Via, indlu 35, lakhiwa indawo okuthiwa yi-palace - uPalacio de la Música . Kwakube yihholo le-cinema kanye nesiteji sekhonsathi, kodwa ngonyaka ka-2007 kwavalwa ukuvuselelwa, futhi ngemuva kwalokho kuhlelwe ukuqasha zonke izindawo.
- Enye indlu ezithakazelisayo emgwaqweni iGran Via - ephezulu i- Los Sótanos ; inamakamelo amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa: No. 53, 55, 57 no-59. Yakhiwa maphakathi no-1940, ingxenye eyodwa ithathwe ngaphansi kwehhotela le-chic elithi "Emperor", enye - iThe Teatro Lope de Vega, manje eyaziwa yonke elaseYurophu ngokukhiqizwa kwayo .
- Okulandelayo emgwaqweni manje sekuyisikwele sokuhamba ngezinyawo saseCallao (Plaza del Callao). Ezakhiweni zesikwele kunezitolo eziningi, lena yindawo oyintandokazi yokuthenga ezokuvakasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungahlangabezana nabathengisi abakhuluma isiRashiya, okuyinto enhle kakhulu.
- Esigabeni saseCallao kunezakhiwo ezintathu eziphawulekayo: uCine Callao (i-complex enkulu ye-cinema), iKapitol noPalacio de la Prensa (iNdunankulu YokuCindezela). I-Capitol iyindawo yokuthenga, ihhotela ne-cinema, indlu yakhiwe ngesitayela se-Art Deco saseJalimane, ingxenye yayo encane kakhulu ihlotshiswe nge-turret enhle kakhulu. Igumbi lokunyathelisa linikezwe inombolo engu-46 yendlu, lakhiwa futhi yavulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1930 ngomyalelo we-Madrid Press Association. Umbhoshongo wasehhovisi ophethe ama-arches amahle wawuhlala ngabamemezeli ngezikhathi ezihlukene, igumbi lokuqala laligcinwe i-cinema.
- Indawo yokugcina yase-boulevard yi- Plaza yaseSpain , itholakala enkampanini yezakhiwo ezimbili: i-Madrid high-rise (142 metres high complex complex) kanye nombhoshongo we-TV eSpain (i-Torrespaña). Ngesikhathi esiseduze nendawo echibini kuyisikhumbuzo sethusi sesibhakela kubalingiswa abakhulu baseCervantes .
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Futhi lokhu kuphela ingxenye yezakhiwo zomlando. EGran Via kunamahhotela amaningi adumile, izitolo, imigoqo kanye nezindawo zokudlela. Kukhona njalo abavakashi abahambayo nabahamba emadolobheni. Iminyaka eyikhulu leminyaka yomgwaqo ngo-2010 yayigubha ngezinga elikhulu, kufaka phakathi neGran Via yayo efakwe imodeli yayo yethusi.
Ungafika kanjani?
Ungafinyelela emgwaqweni odumile ngokuthutha umphakathi :
- emgwaqeni onemigqa L1, L2, L3, L5 no-L10 kuye ngokuqondisa kwakho eziteshini: Santo Domingo, Callao, Gran Via;
- ngebhasi inombolo 1, 2, 3, 44, 46, 74, 133, 146, 148 no-202.