Isayensi yanamuhla inezinkulungwane zamathuluzi okutadisha nokuhlukanisa izwe elizungezile. Kunamasu ahlukile kumagazini ngamunye futhi aphelele, achaza noma yikuphi umqondo. I-Dichotomy yindlela eyodwa yomhlaba wonke.
Iyini i-dichotomy?
I-Dichotomy yisimiso sokuhlukanisa kabili, okuqukethe ukuthi ilungu ngalinye lalaba bobabili alikho izici ezivamile nomunye. Leli gama lavela ngamagama amabili esiGreki "kokubili" nangokuthi "ukuhlukaniswa" futhi kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yolwazi. Emathematika, izinlimi kanye nesayensi efanayo kusetshenziselwa ukwehlukanisa amayunithi amakhulu zibe ezincane.
Isimiso sisebenza kanje:
- Umqondo ojwayelekile we "schoolboy" uthathwa.
- Iqembu lihlukanisiwe, lihlanganiswe isibonakaliso "sezingane ezihloniphekile".
- Kukhona iqembu lapho lesi sici singabhekwa khona - "asihle kakhulu".
- Abafundi abahle kakhulu bangahlukaniswa ngesimiso sokuthi "bazinikeze sonke isikhathi kwizifundo" futhi "abazinikeli izifundo ngaso sonke isikhathi."
- "Akuyona ihle kakhulu" izohlukaniswa kuqala "okuhle" futhi "hhayi okuhle".
Futhi njalo kuze kutholakale umphumela oyifunayo. Uhlelo luyinto elula kakhulu ekudaleni zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukanisa, kepha lokhu kuyingozi enkulu. Iqembu lesibili liba likhulu kakhulu. Ngakho "hhayi okuhle kakhulu," yi-troika ne-dvoechniki ne-horoshisty. Ukuze ufike kusixhumanisi sokugcina, kuzodingeka uhambe ngenani elikhulu lezinketho.
Dichotomy in Psychology
Kuzo zonke izigatshana ze-psychology, isicelo esisebenzayo kunazo zonke futhi siphumelele sitholakala kumgomo we-dichotomy emphakathini. Lokhu kuyisimo esincane kakhulu esasuka ngesisekelo se-Jung's typology. Usosayensi wachaza izimfanelo ezine eziyisisekelo:
- ukucabanga;
- ukuzwa;
- inzwa;
- intuition.
Wethulela ngamunye wabo inani le-introvert, eliqondiswa ngaphakathi kuye, isicelo. Noma i-extrovert, iqondiswe ngaphandle. Kulesi simiso, ukusebenzisa i-dichotomy kuhluke ku-classical one. Isibonelo, iqiniso lokuthi intuition ayicabangi , kusho kuphela leli qiniso, ngaphandle kokunikeza izici ezilinganisiwe. Ezimweni eziningi, uma kuhlukaniswa isimiso se "into" futhi "hhayi into" kwenziwa, ukuhlolwa kukhona, nakuba kungenhloso.
Dichotomy in Philosophy
Njengomphakathi, i-dichotomy efilosofi iyindlela yokuhlukanisa umqondo jikelele ngokuchaza okuphikisanayo. Kodwa uma isayensi yezocwaningo isetshenziswa ukuchazwa futhi kokubili izinguqulo zilingana, ngakho-ke ngefilosofi ngokuhlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbili zombili zabamelene nabaphikisi, lapho okudingeka khona ukukhetha ukuhluka okuphawulekayo. Ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, le ndlela yokubheka ifilosofi iye yagxeka kakhulu. Abanye abacwaningi babonisa ukuthi i-dichotomy yokucabanga nokuphikisana kweminye imiqondo ethi "subject" futhi "into" iholela ekuhlukaniseni ngokweqile ukucabanga.
Iyini i-dichotomy yokuhle nokubi?
Elinye lamabhulozi awaziwayo lapho i-dichotomy ngendlela ehlanzekile ibonakala ngayo "kuhle" futhi "okubi." Imibuzo esemqoka ephakama lapho sicabangela le padi:
- Kuyini okuhle / okubi.
- Ukuhlobana kokuhle nokubi.
- Kungaba khona omunye ngaphandle komunye.
Ukusebenzisa ukwahlukana okuvelele nokuveza okuhle ngokuthi "hhayi okubi" noma ngokuphambene nalokho, abacabangi ngaleyo ndlela babika ukuthi omunye ngaphandle komunye akunakwenzeka. Lokhu kwaba yisizathu sokuziphendulela ngokokuziphatha, okungukuthi, isikhundla sokuthi, uma ukufeza okubi kungenakugwemeka, masikuzuze iqembu elithile. Isimiso esinjalo salandelwa, ukuvuselelwa kwegazi okuzibophezelekile nokuqeda izimpi ezinonya.
E-Asia, kusukela esixazululweni se-dichotomy kokuhle nokubi, izazi zefilosofi ezimbili zahamba ngokushesha. Prince Siddartha Gautama (kamuva uBuddha) kanye neChina Lao Tzu. EbuBuddha, umbono wezwe okwenzelwe isimo sengqondo esihle nesingathathi hlangothi kukho konke okwenzekayo kuyinhloko. Ukubona okugcwele kwalesi simo sengqondo kuholela ekukhanyiseni futhi kuphume esiteshini samsara .
I-Lao Tzu yakha indlela engcono yokucabanga. Wayekholelwa ukuthi isifiso esiqotho sokudala izinto eziningi ezinhle ngangokunokwenzeka ekugcineni siholela ekuphindaphindeni kokubi, ngoba ngaphandle komqondo umphikisi wakhe ngeke futhi avele. Umcabangi ukhuthaze ukuba angadluli ngokweqile futhi aqondiswe ezenzweni kuphela ngesizathu. Isimo sengqondo esilula ngokuchasisa okuhle nokubi kukhonjiswe ngokuphawuleka kwe-yang-yang (okubonakalayo kwedichotomy yomphefumulo lapho izakhi zikhona zangena ngaphakathi).
I-dichotomy yokuphila nokufa
Omunye umbambisene, lapho isintu esazijwayele khona isikhathi eside, impilo nokufa. Lapha konke okuphambene nalokho. Uma inkulumo ethi "okuhle konke okungalungile" akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuphikisana nesitatimende "konke okuphilayo okungafi". Ngakho-ke inkinga enkulu yale dichotomy iyinakugwema. Ukunciphisa ukwesaba kokungavinjelwa kokuphazanyiswa kokuba, ukushayisana kokuphila nokufa kwefilosofi nenkolo yehla, kulahlekelwa ukungapheli kwayo. Isibonelo, ngefilosofi yamaKristu, kubonakala kanje: "Ngokuba umzimba konke okungewona ukuphila ukufa, umphefumulo awufi."
I-Dichotomy ne-Dualism
Ukuhlukumezeka kufana ne-dichotomy, indlela yokuhlukanisa yonke izingxenye ezimbili. Kodwa ngalesi simo izakhi ziqala ukuxhunyaniswa, hhayi ukuphikisana, hhayi ukuthintana. Kule mbono yobuqili kufana nemiphakathi ye-dichotomy, ogama layo le- psychotypes elilinganayo nelinganayo . I-dichotomy ye-classic iyalinganisa ubuqili bokuziphatha - uhlelo oluhlukanisa ngokucacile yonke into emithonjeni yobuhle nokubi.
I-Dichotomy ne-trichotomy
I-Trichotomy - indlela efana ne-dichotomy yokuhlukanisa konke kube izingxenye. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kathathu kuvumela ukuxhumeka kwalezi zinto phakathi kwabo. Into evelele kunazo zonke yokwahlukana kwama-trichotomous ingumqondo kaNkulunkulu ebuKristwini, omelelwa yizinto ezintathu ezivela kuZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele.