Ngenxa yobuzwela, umuntu unethuba lokukwazi izwe elizungezile nelingaphakathi. Ukuzwela yikhono lomzimba ukuphendula nokuhlukanisa phakathi kwesimiso sangaphandle nesingaphakathi. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngenxa yeqembu lama-receptors - ubuchopho, obuxhunywe ngenxa yesibindi sezinzwa kuzo zonke izindawo zomzimba wethu.
I-receptor iphendula futhi ithumele ulwazi ebuchosheni. Ngesikhathi sokuthola ulwazi, siyazi ukuthi amanzi ashisa, ukudla kushisa, ushukela uyamnandi. Zonke izibonelo ezingenhla zihlobene nokuzwela okukodwa.
Kuyini ukuzwela okukhulu kwe-exteroceptive?
Ukuzwela ngokweqile yikhono lomzimba ukuzwa okuthile okuthinta ama-receptors ethu angaphandle. Okungukuthi, kubonakala kunobuso obuzwe, obusebenza ngokwezindleko ze-receptors zesikhumba kanye nezibungu zamangqamuzana.
"Exter" - okuhunyushwa kusuka kwisiLatini kusho "ngaphandle". Kodwa kusukela noma yikuphi ukuzwa okuvusa ukusabela, umuntu angakhulumi nje kuphela kwemizwelo ye-exteroceptive, kodwa futhi yokucabanga.
Kunezinkomba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko ezihambisana nokuzwela kwangaphandle:
- i-corneal reflex - ihlolwe ngokuthinta uboya bekotini e-cornea yeso, okumele kufake ukuvalwa kwamajwabu amehlo;
- i-reflex conjunctival - bayathinta i-conjunctiva nge-cotton flagellum, ebangela ukusabela okufana nalokho kwe-reflex corneal;
- i-reflex pharyngeal - ne-spatula ethinta udonga lwe-pharynx, kufanele kube nokuvinjelwa kwe-emetic noma ukukhwehlela;
- i-soft palate ne-spatula ethinta
isibhakabhaka esithambile, ngenxa yalokho okufanele kuphakame; - i-reflex ye-anal - isikhumba sitholwa eduze kwe-anus, isidumbu esisiyingi kufanele senze isivumelwano.
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zengqondo zingase zingekho kubantu abaphilile ngokuphelele.
Izinzwa nazo zinezigaba zabo siqu:
- kude - i-receptors isabela esimweni esivela kude ( ukubona , ukuzwa);
- oxhumana nabo - ama-receptors asabela ngokuqondile ngqo ne-stimulus (ukunambitheka, ukuthinta);
- umqondo wokuhogela - isisindo esiphakathi.