Umphumela we-Dunning-Krueger ukuphazamiseka okhethekile okungaqondakali. Isisekelo salo sisezingeni lokuthi abantu abanamakhono aphansi kakhulu benza amaphutha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abakwazi ukuvuma amaphutha abo - ngokuqondile ngenxa yeziqu eziphansi. Bathi amakhono abo aphakeme kakhulu, kanti labo abaqeqeshelwe kakhulu bavame ukungabaza amakhono abo futhi bacabange ukuthi abanye bayakwazi kakhulu. Bajwayele ukucabanga ukuthi abanye balinganisela amakhono abo njengabaphansi.
Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngokusho kukaDunning-Kruger
Ngo-1999, ososayensi uDavid Dunning noJustin Krueger bathuthukisa umbono wokuba khona kwalesi simo. Ukucabanga kwabo kwakusekelwe enkulumweni ethandwayo kaDarwin yokuthi ukungazi kuveza ukuzethemba ngokuphindaphindiwe kunolwazi. Umqondo ofanayo waboniswa ngaphambili nguBertrand Russell, owathi esikhathini sethu abantu abayiziwula bayabethemba, futhi labo abaqonda okuningi bahlale bengabaza.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwe-hypothesis, ososayensi bahamba endleleni eyahlushwa futhi banquma ukuqhuba uchungechunge lwezivivinyo. Ukuze bafunde, bakhetha iqembu labafundi be-psychology eCornell University. Umgomo kwakuwukufakazela ukuthi kwakungeke kwenzeke kunoma iyiphi insimu, noma ngabe yini, engabangela ukuzethemba ngokweqile. Lokhu kusebenza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, kungaba isifundo, umsebenzi, ukudlala i-chess noma ukuqonda umbhalo ofundwayo.
Iziphetho eziphathelene nabantu abangenalutho zimi kanje:
- bahlale bencike ekuhloliseni ulwazi lwabo, amakhono namakhono abo;
- abakwazi ukuhlola izinga eliphezulu ngokwanele kolwazi lwabanye abantu ngenxa yokungakwazi kwabo;
- abakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi ayinakukwazi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa bayakwazi ukuthi babengenakuthola ngaphambili, kodwa lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho nasesikhathini lapho izinga labo langempela lingazange likhule.
Abalobi besifundo babenikeze umklomelo wokuthola kwabo, futhi kamuva ezinye izici zomphumela weKruger zaphenywa.
I-Dunning-Krueger Syndrome: Ukugxeka
Ngakho, umphumela we-Danning-Krueger uzwakala kanje: "Abantu abanamakhono aphansi awenza iziphetho ezingalungile benze izinqumo ezingaphumelelanga, kodwa abakwazi ukuqonda amaphutha abo ngenxa yezinga labo eliphansi lokuqeqeshwa."
Konke kulula futhi kuyabonakala, kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ezimweni ezifanayo, isitatimende sibhekane nokugxeka. Abanye ososayensi baye bathi akukho futhi ngeke kube yizici ezikhethekile ezibangela amaphutha ngokuzihlonipha . Into iyini. Ngokuthi wonke umuntu eMhlabeni uthambekele ekuzicabangela kangcono kangcono kunesilinganiso. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi lokhu kuhlolisisa okwanele kumuntu osondelene, kodwa kulabo abahlakaniphile kunazo lokhu okungenani okungenani ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesokudla. Ukuqhubekela phambili kulokhu kubonakala ukuthi ukungaqondakali okungaqondakali,
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi bonke banikwe imisebenzi elula kakhulu, futhi i-smart ayikwazanga ukuhlola amandla awo, futhi ayihlakaniphile kakhulu - ukubonisa ukuthobeka.
Ngemva kwalokhu, ososayensi baqala ukuhlola kabusha imicabango yabo. Banikeza abafundi ukuthi babikezele imiphumela yabo futhi banikeze umsebenzi onzima. Ukubikezela kwakudingeka ukuba nezinga elihlobene nabanye futhi nenombolo yezimpendulo ezifanele. Ngokumangazayo, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwaqinisekiswa kuzo zombili izimo, kodwa abafundi abahle kakhulu baqagela inani lamaphuzu, hhayi indawo yabo kuhlu.
Okunye okuhlolwe kwenziwa okwakubonisa nokuthi i-Dunning-Krueger i-hypothesis iyiqiniso futhi ayihambisani nezimo ezihlukahlukene.