Ukuphumula ehlathini kungalimaza izinambuzane ezincane ezinegciwane. Izinambuzane ze-encephalitic zihlala ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Ekude, e-Urals naseSiberia, kepha izibonelo ezithile zingatholakala kwezinye izindawo. Kubalulekile ukuthola ulwazi oluningi mayelana nesifo abahluphekayo ukuze kuvikelwe izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.
I-encephalitis ethwala amathikithi okudlulisela
Umthombo oyinhloko we-pathology okucatshangelwayo ufuywayo kanye nezilwane zasendle ezifudumele, ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni namagundane. Uma bethwa yi-tick, bathola igciwane lesandulela ngculazi bese bebaphethe isifo. Ukutheleleka komuntu kwenzeka ngesikhathi kutholakala isikhumba sesikhumba kanye nokungena kwamathambo ayo egazini. Ngezinye izikhathi igciwane le-encephalitis eliphethwe ngamakhaza lidluliselwa ngezinye izindlela:
- uma usebenzisa ubisi olusha oluvela kumbuzi onegciwane noma inkomo;
- ngenkathi imizamo yokukhipha nokulimala isilonda esiswini;
- ngenxa yokutshulwa kwesikhumba lapho isikhumba noma umquba wezinambuzane kuhlale khona.
I-encephalitis ethwala isikhwama - isikhathi sokukhushulwa
Uma amangqamuzana e-pathogenic angena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokugaya, ngokuphindaphindiwe uyanda phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-4-7. I-tick-borne-borne borne encephalitis iqhubeka isikhathi eside ngokutheleleka okudluliswayo (ngegazi), kulokhu isikhathi sokutshala sithatha cishe amasonto amabili. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-30. Kubantu abanesifo sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, i-encephalitis ephazamise uketshezi olukhanyisa umbane itholakala. Yanda emzimbeni ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele emathisini emini.
I-encephalitis ethwala ukotshwa - uphawu
Isithombe sokuqala se-clinic ngaso sonke isikhathi sifana. I-pathology iqala ngokushesha futhi iqhubekela phambili. Izibonakaliso ze-encephalitis ezithathwa ngamakhansela esigabeni sokuqala zifana nomkhuhlane ojwayelekile. Igciwane lingena ebuchosheni futhi libangele izimpawu ezihambisanayo uma kuphela ukuvinjelwa kwegazi-ebuchosheni kunqotshwa ngokuphumelelayo-ukuqoqwa kwamaseli ahlukanisa isimiso sezinzwa esivela egazini. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, lesi sifo siphuthuma kalula futhi siyaphulukisa ngokushesha.
Izimpawu zokulunywa umkhawulo we-encephalitis kubantu
Umtholampilo ovelele kakhulu uyabonakala uma izibungu zomgogodla nobuchopho zithintekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukulunywa kwesibhakela se-encephalitis kwenza:
- ukuphazamisa;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- ukuxubha;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu ekhanda ;
- i-photophobia;
- ukuhlanza;
- umzwelo wezinto ezindala zemisipha yentamo;
- ukungazi kahle;
- ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yokulala;
- i-Delirium;
- ukuphuza;
- ukunqotshwa kwemisipha yobuso;
- izindlu;
- i-paresis nezinye izimpawu.
I-encephalitis enikezwe ithikithi ngokungabikho kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kungabangela ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwezibilini nezicubu zobuchopho (ikhanda nomgogodla), ukuwohloka kwazo kanye necrosis. Ngezinye izikhathi kubangela imiphumela eyingozi kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokufa. Ukuvimbela izinkinga, kubalulekile ukuxilonga ukutheleleka ngesikhathi futhi ngokushesha uqale ukwelashwa okufanele.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-encephalitis ezithwala umuthi
Izimpawu zokuqala zezifo ezichazwe zifana nokuphefumula okubangelwa ukuphefumula:
- ukushisa okuphezulu;
- umkhuhlane;
- ikhanda;
- i-malaise;
- ama-aches emajoyini ;
- ukulala;
- ukungabi nesifiso sokudla;
- isicanucanu, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlanza;
- ukusebenza okuphansi.
Kubalulekile ukukhomba i-encephalitis ekhiqizwa ngamakhanithi ngesikhathi - ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokutadisha izinto eziphilayo:
- igazi (ngokujwayelekile, ukuhlaziywa kwe-virological and biochemical );
- uketshezi oluthile lwe-cerebrospinal;
- umzimba wezinambuzane.
Izingozi nemiphumela ye-encephalitis enikezwe umkhaza
Uma lesi sifo esibuzwayo sitholakale ekuqaleni kokuqhubeka futhi ukwelashwa kwaqala ngokushesha, umuntu uyabuyisa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokucindezeleka. Izingozi eziyinhloko ze-encephalitis ezithwalwe ngamakhaza yilo ukungena kwegciwane emagqumeni nasezicubu zomgogodla nobuchopho ngemva kokunqoba ukuvinjelwa kwegazi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukutheleleka kuthinta isimiso semisipha esiyinhloko futhi singagcina kabi.
Izinkinga ze-encephalitis ezithwala uketshezi
Abantu abaningi (abangaba ngu-98%) abanesifo sezinambuzane zaseYurophu babheka ngokuphelele. Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemuva kokulunywa kwesigatshana se-Far East, izinkinga emva kokukhipha i-encephalitis ku-10-25% wamacala. Lokhu kufaka:
- i-meningitis ;
- i-neuropathy;
- i-muscle atrophy;
- isithwali esiphelele segciwane.
Uma ukwelashwa kungasebenzi noma kuqale ukuphela, i-encephalitis ethwala umuthi ingabangela izinkinga ezilandelayo:
- ukukhubazeka;
- ukuphikelela okuqhubekayo nokuphila kwesikhathi eside;
- ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sezinzwa;
- isithuthwane.
Imiphumela ye-encephalitis ethwala umuthi
Ukutheleleka kwegciwane eliyinkimbinkimbi cishe cishe ingxenye yesine yamacala kubangela ukukhubazeka. Imiphumela enzima kunazo zonke ye-encephalitis enikezwa ngamakhansela ukukhubazeka komzimba wonke nokufa. Ingozi yomphumela obulalayo we-pathology incike ezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane. Imikhaza ye-Far East iyingozi kakhulu, ukukhala kwayo kuyingozi kuma-20-27% wezifo ezixilongwa. Eqembu laseYurophu lezinambuzane, lesi sibalo singu-1-3%.
I-encephalitis ethwala ukotshwa
Igciwane elenza ukuthi i-pathology echazwe imelana nayo yonke imithi ekhona. Ukwelashwa okhethekile okubhekene ne-encephalitis ekhishwe ngamakhansela akukakhiwa, ngakho-ke umuntu olelekile uyakhanjelwa esibhedlela futhi wenza ukwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa okunomsoco. Kuhloswe ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokusheshisa ukuxoshwa kwemithi, ukuyeka izimpawu zesifo.
Ukuze kusebenze i-encephalitis ephathwe ngamakethi, lezi zidakamizwa ezilandelayo ziyasetshenziswa:
- i-antipyretic ;
- abaphulukisi;
- anti-inflammatory;
- ama-sorbents (ngesimo sezixazululo zokuphathwa kwe-drip);
- ama-antihistamine;
- ukuphumula;
- imisipha yokuphumula.
Uma isikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi sokugula sidlula, isiguli kumele sithole ukuvuselelwa. Ukubuyiswa kuhilela:
- ukunamathela kokudla okulinganiselayo nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini;
- i-physiotherapy;
- ukusikhipha;
- gymnastics ekhethekile.
Ukuvimbela i-encephalitis enikezwe umuthi
Ukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ingozi yezinkinga noma ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamathiphu ambalwa alula. Kukhona ukuvimbela okujwayelekile nokuqondile kwe-ticket-encephalitis. Esikhathini sokuqala, izincomo zivimbela ukungena kwamangqamuzana egazini emzimbeni. Uhlobo lwesibili lomcimbi lenzelwe izimo lapho kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kungenzeka noma kwenzeke ngokunembile.
I-prophylaxis ephuthumayo ye-encephalitis ephathwe ngamakethi
Uma umuntu elunywa yinambuzane ememela emtholampilo, ukuphathwa kwe-immunoglobulin G kugciwane echazwe ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe. Kunconywa ukuthi uyithinte ngesikhathi sezinsuku ezintathu zokuqala kusukela ngosuku lokutheleleka okusolakala. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, i-prophylaxis ephindaphindiwe ephindaphindiwe yenziwa, futhi emva kwezinyanga ezingu-10-12 kudingekile umjovo olandelayo futhi wokugcina.
I-immunoglobulin ngokumelene ne-encephalitis ethwalwe umuthi isetshenziswa jikelele, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo akuzange kuboniswe ngokwesayensi. Kunezifundo ezigunyazayo eziphikisana nesidingo sokuphathwa kwalesi sidakamizwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubangela ukuthi i-encephalitis enikezwe isifo. Ngokushesha ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba le nambuzane ilandwe, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luqala ukukhiqiza i-immunoglobulin yayo G. Ukunyuka kokufakelwa ekugxilweni kwayo egazini kungaholela ekuphenduleni okuzenzakalelayo nokuwohloka okubukhali esimweni sesiguli.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene ne-encephalitis enikezwe umuthi
Isilinganiso sokuzivikela esiwusizo kakhulu ukugonywa okuhleliwe kusuka ekuguleni okukhulunywa ngawo. Kumele kwenziwe ngabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinambuzane eziyingozi noma bazovakashela lezi zifunda. Umgomo wokulwa ne-encephalitis okhishwa ngamakhiza ulawulwa kathathu ngokwesiko elijwayelekile. Umjovo wesibili wenziwa emavikini angu-4-12, futhi umjovo wokugcina - emva kwezinyanga ezingu-9-12. Revaccination yenziwa njalo eminyakeni 4-5. Ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kahle kwemithi, futhi kutholakale ukuzivikela okuqinile, umuthi wokuqala wokugoma uhlinzeka kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba.
I-prophylaxis engenasiphakamiso ye-encephalitis enikezwe umuthi
Izindlela zokuzivikela ezijwayelekile zisiza ukugwema ukuxhumana nenambuzane ngokwayo, imikhiqizo yomsebenzi wayo wokuphila kanye nezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene zokutheleleka. Ukuvimbela i-encephalitis ekhiqizwa ngamakethi:
- Sebenzisa ubisi kuphela obunamanzi noma obilisiwe.
- Gwema izindawo ezakhiwe nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Amathikithi akhetha izindawo zehlathi ezinotshani oluphezulu kanye nezihlahla, abonisa umsebenzi okhethekile kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi. Kunconywa ukuba ungahambi ezindleleni zezilwane nemfuyo, ngoba izinambuzane zifihla emagatsheni kanye namaqabunga ngemifudu yesithukuthuku.
- Lapho uvakashela amahlathi nezindawo zokupaka, gqoka izingubo eziqinile ezihlanganisa ubukhulu besikhumba. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukubopha ihembe noma i-T-shirt ibe yizicathulo, futhi i-trouser ibe ngamasokisi aphezulu.
- Kuyisibopho sokugqoka ikhanda, ukufihla izinwele ngaphansi kwalo. Ikakhulukazi libhekene nabanikazi bezingqimba ezindala nezindebe.
- Kulungile ukugqoka kuzo zonke izibani, ukuze umkhawulo ube lula ukubona.
- Sebenzisa ama-repellents anamandla okuqukethwe kwe-permethrin ne-diethyltoluamide (ebizwa nge-DETA).
- Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, hlola njalo izingubo nezinwele. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela izindawo ezivulekile zomzimba.
- Lapho ebuyela ekhaya ngokushesha, namanje emgodini, hlola futhi izingubo, ikhanda lezinwele nezinwele. Ukuze uhlole ngokucophelela, kuhle ukucela omunye umuntu ukuba ahlole emuva nangenhloko.
- Uma kutholakala i-mite esondayo, kufanele isuswe ngokushesha. Ukususwa kwenziwa nge-tweezers noma ngentambo eboshwe engxenyeni ehamba phambili yomzimba wezinambuzane. Ukunyakaza kumele kube ukuguqula nokuguqula. Dweba, cindezela i-mite noma uphonsa kuyo, awukwazi.
- Ngemuva kokukhipha izinambuzane, ngokushesha uphathe isilonda nganoma yisiphi isisombululo sokuphikisa futhi uxhumane nochwepheshe we-parasitologist noma isifo esithathelwanayo.