I-Meningitis yisifo sokuvuvukala lapho izinambuzane ezithambile noma ezinzima zobuchopho nomgogodla zithintekile. Kungabuka kokubili njengesifo sokuzimela esizimele, futhi njengenkinga emva kwesinye isifo. Ukudambisa ekwelapheni kwe-meningitis kungaholela emiphumeleni enzima, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zokuqala ze-meningitis kubantu abadala, ukuze babone lesi sifo ngesikhathi.
Izimpawu ze-serous (viral) meningitis kubantu abadala
I-serous meningitis ibangelwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene angangena egumbini lobuchopho ngegazi, i-lymph, noma eduze kwamagundane wezinzwa ezinokuxhumana noma emgwaqweni wokutheleleka. Ngokuvamile ukuvuvukala kwama-mening kubantu abadala kubangelwa amagciwane anjalo:
- ama-enteroviruses;
- i-mumps virus;
- i-Epstein-Barr virus;
- amagciwane we-poliomyelitis;
- i-cytomegalovirus;
- i-adenovirus;
- i-herpes virus, njll.
Ezimweni eziningi, inkathi yokufaka incubation ye-serous meningitis ithatha izinsuku ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-4. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuqala ngokuphawulekayo ngokubonakala kwezibonakaliso ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
- ukwanda okukhulu ekushiseni komzimba;
- i-headache ebuhlungu njalo, engaqedwe yi-analgesics;
- umbono obuhlungu wesimo sangaphandle (umsindo, ukukhanya okukhulu);
- ukuzwela kwesikhumba;
- ukushayeka okuvamile, ubuthakathaka;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
- ukungabi nesifiso sokudla;
- impumu egijima, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane;
- ukuphazanyiswa okuncane kokuqaphela.
Isiguli esine-viral meningitis kalula sinikeza isimo sokuphoqeleka: sisehlangothini lwakhe, amadolo alethwe esiswini, izandla ziboshwe esifubeni sakhe futhi ikhanda liphonswe emuva.
Izimpawu ze-meningitis e-purulent kubantu abadala
I-meningitis ene-purulent ine-etiology ye-bacterium futhi ivame ukubangelwa abantu abadala ngama-microorganisms afana nalokhu:
- i-meningococci;
- i-pneumococci;
- i-haemophilus influenzae , njll.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-bacterial meningitis ezimweni eziningi kuphawulwe ngokumelene nesizinda sokuzivikela okunciphise.
Kuye ngokuthi indlela i-pathogen yokutheleleka ingene ngayo ngayo i-membrane ye-cerebral, i-meningitis ye-primary and secondary purulent i-distinguished. Okuyinhloko kuvela uma amabhaktheriya athola emvelweni (emoyeni noma ngokuxhumana) futhi adlulisele ngegazi. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthelela ngokuqondile izimbungulu zobuchopho uma kunesifo esibucayi se-craniocerebral, ukuhlukumezeka okuvulekile kumasono we-paranasal, ngokuhambisana ngokungalungile nemigomo ye-aseptic ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-neurosurgical.
I-meningitis yesibili ephuthumayo ivela ngenxa yokudluliselwa kokutheleleka embukisweni webuchopho kusukela kuvele kusekhona emzimbeni womzimba noma yikuphi ukutholakala ngegazi noma i-lymph. Amabhaktheriya abangela izinqubo ze-purulent angaphinde angene phakathi koxhumene ne-cerebral abscess, sinstrombosis septic, i-osteomyelitis yamathambo.
I-incubation period ye-meningitis ehlanzekile ngokuvamile ihlala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-5. Ukufaniswa kwezibonakaliso ezinjalo:
- ukunyuka okuphawulekayo ekushiseni komzimba;
- izikhukhula ezinzima;
- ikhanda, elikhulayo njalo;
- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
- ukukhathazeka kwengqondo;
- ukungazi kahle;
- i-Delirium;
- ukushisa okukhulu kwemvelo.
Uma ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yezinzwa ezihlukahlukene ze-cranial imizwa kungabonwa ngaleyo mibonakaliso:
- ukunciphisa amandla okubukwa;
- i-strabismus;
- ukwehla kwejwabu leso eliphezulu;
- isithulu nabanye.
Ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis kubantu abadala
Ukubonakala kwezimpawu ze-meningitis kubantu abadala kuyimbangela yokwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa ngokudokotela kwezidakamizwa zala maqembu:
- ama-analgesics;
- i-antipyretics;
- ama-antibiotics (okwelapha ama-bacterial meningitis);
- imithi yama-antiviral (ene-viral meningitis), njll.
Ukuvimbela i-edema ye-cerebral, ama- diuretics anqunywe, futhi ukwelashwa kwe-detoxification nakho kunqunywe.