Ukuxhumana okungenalutho

Nsuku zonke umuntu uthatha ingxenye yokuphila komphakathi kwabantu abazungezile. Noma yikuphi ukuzama ukuxhumana kungaholela ekufezeni umgomo othile, ukuxhumana no-interlocutor, ukuthola indawo evumelanayo, ukwanelise isidingo sokuxhumana, njll. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuxhumana kuyinkqubo lapho kuhanjiswa khona ukwaziswa okwenza ukwandisa ukuxhumana kahle.

Kukhona ukukhulumisana ngomlomo nokungaqondile. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngefomu lokugcina.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhulumisana okungekho ngamazwi ukuziphatha komuntu siqu, ukubonisa isimo sokusebenzisana nesimo sengqondo sabo bobabili abaxhumana nabo. Izindlela zokuxhumana ezingezona izisholo zithola ukuboniswa kwekhanda, i-gait, izinto ezizungeze umuntu, njll. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekuqondeni kangcono isimo sangaphakathi se-interlocutor yakho, imizwa yakhe, imizwa nezinhloso zakhe.

Izinhlobo zokuxhumana okungenamazwi

Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana lubandakanya izinhlelo ezinhlanu:

1. Bheka.
2. Isikhala sokuxhumana.
3. I-Optical-kinesthetic (isici sokubukeka, ukubukeka kwe-interlocutor, i-pantomime).
4. Okuseduze-inkulumo (ububanzi bezwi, izimfanelo zomculo, isitembu).
5. Ukungaphandle kwenkulumo (ukuhleka, ijubane lokukhuluma, ikhefu).

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo zokuxhumana ezingezona amazwi zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuziphatha okuphathekayo kwe-interlocutor. Ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi wonke umuntu ngesikhathi sokuxhumana usebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthinta abaxhumana nabo. Ngakho, uhlobo ngalunye lokuthinta lunomlingiswa othile, ukubaluleka. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuziphatha kuhlukaniswe phakathi: ukuthinta, uthando, ukuthintana nobuchwepheshe nobungane. Umuntu usebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokuthinta ukuthuthukisa noma ukwehlisa inqubo yokuxhumana yokukhulumisana.
2. I-Kinesika iluhlu lwezinto ezihamba phambili, izibonakaliso, izibonakaliso ezisetshenziselwa izindlela zokuchaza umzimba. Isici salo esiyinhloko yisethi yokubukwa, ukubonakala kwesobuso, ukuma, ukuzithokozisa okunemvelaphi yezenhlalo nezomzimba.
3. Izinzwa. Isekelwe ekubonweni komzwelo okwenziwe yilowo nalowo muntu. Isimo sakhe sengqondo mayelana ne-interlocutor sisekelwe ekuboneni kwezinzwa (ukubonwa kwenhlanganisela yomsindo, ukuzwa ukunambitha, ukushisa okuvela ku-interlocutor, njll).
4. Ama-chronemics ukusebenzisa isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okungenamazwi.
5. Izindlela zokuxhumana ezingekho emthethweni zihlanganisa namaphrofayli. Lolu hlobo lusekelwe ekusebenziseni ubuhlobo bendawo. Okusho ukuthi, umphumela wobanga, insimu ekusetshenzisweni kobudlelwane bomphakathi. Kunezinhlobo zomphakathi, eziseduze, ezomuntu siqu, zomphakathi zokuxhumana okungezona amazwi.
6. Ukukhulumisana kwe-Paraverbal kuncike kwisigcawu sezwi, isigqi salo, intonation, lapho i-interlocutor exhumana nalolu lwazi, njll.

Izici zokuxhumana okungenamazwi

Ikakhulukazi kumlondolozi womzimba ukuthi leyo ndlela yokuziphatha engabonakali iyabonakala ngokuzenzekelayo, ukunyakaza kokunyakaza okungaqondakali, ukungazibandakanyi ngaphezu kokuziqhenya, ukuphikisana. Isimo, ukungenzi lutho, ukuhlanganiswa (ukuveza ukuziphatha komuntu ohambisayo kungelula ukubola zibe yizinto ezihlukile) - konke lokho kwenza izici ekukhulumisaneni okungenamazwi.

Izibonelo zokuxhumana okungezona amazwi

Kwenzeke ukuthi uma umFulentshi noma umNtaliyane ecabanga ukuthi umbono othile awunalutho, uyisiphukuphuku, khona-ke uzokuzishaya ngesandla sekhanda lakhe. Ngalokhu uthi u-interlocutor wakhe uhlambalaza, enikezela lokhu. Futhi iSpain noma iBrithani, naye, ubonisa lokhu ukwaneliseka yena njengomuntu.

Ukuzivocavoca kokuxhumana okungelona amazwi

1. Ukuzivocavoca kokuqala kwenziwa eqenjini noma kubhangqa. Omunye umhlanganyeli "ungumdwebi". Ubeka "izinto" ezizithobayo (umzimba womuntu kufanele uthathe isikhundla esinjalo ukuthi isikhundla sakhe sijwayelekile kumuntu osibonisa). I-oda lakho lomlingani kufanele uthathe isikhundla esithile. Phakathi nalesi simo "sokwemvelo" sishintsha kuze kube "umdwebi" enelisekile ngomphumela.
2. Umsebenzi wakho ukucacisa indlela ozizwa ngayo kuzo zombili izindima, ozifundile ngawe, interlocutor yakho. Ngayiphi injongo ongayisebenzisa ulwazi olutholiwe?
3. Udinga usizo lomuntu oyedwa. Thatha ishidi elimhlophe lephepha, amapeni amabili azwayo-tip. Ungakhulumi. Umhlanganyeli ngamunye ephepheni udweba iphuzu lombala, lapho ingxoxo iqala khona. Ngenye indlela, wena ne-interlocutor yakho badonsa amaphuzu.
4. Lokhu kusebenza kukunika ithuba lokuqonda imizwelo, imizwelo, imizwa, ukuqonda okuhambisana nomlingani ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amagama.
5. Hamba ubuncane babantu ababili. Imisebenzi ibhaliwe kumashidi (isibonelo, "ukuhleka okuthile ..", "shiya okuthile ...", njll). Abahlanganyeli badonsela izabelo. Ungacabangi ngesisombululo esibhaliwe. Abahlanganyeli basebenzisa konke ngaphandle kokukhulumisana ngamazwi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuvivinya kwenza kube lula ukuveza imizwelo yakho ngokucacile.

Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokuxhumana ezingezona amazwi ziphethe incazelo ekhethekile uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhulumisana ngamazwi. Ngokufunda lolu limi, uzokwazi ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana ne-interlocutor yakho.