Iyini ukwehliswa kwentela kwengane?
E-Ukraine, futhi, kukhona inkokhelo efanayo, nakuba inegama elinye - "isaphulelo sentela". Kusukela ngo-2017, sekubekwa abazali bobabili - bobabili uyise nonina, indawo eyodwa kuphela yomsebenzi. Kuye ngobukhulu bemali engenayo kanye nenani labantwana, kungaba ngu-50%, 100% no-150% wemholo. Asikho isicelo sokuzenzekelayo - isisebenzi kumele sifake isicelo esifanele sokuthola isinxephezelo.
Noma ubani okhokha intela ngo-13% angabuyisela enye yale mali eyayingavinjelwe lapho kubalwa izinkokhelo. Uma izinga lesithakazelo lihlukile, noma lowo muntu ekhululekile ngokuphelele ekukhokheni, ukwehliswa kwentela kwabantwana akuyona yona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu onenzuzo engenayo ngenyanga ngaphezu kuka-350,000 akakwazi ukumanga isilinganiso sezinga. Ukubhaliswa akukwenziwe kanye nhlobo. Njalo ngenyanga, imali engenayo iyabuyekezwa futhi, uma iwela umngcele osungulwe, le mali ayibalwa futhi.
Thola ukuthi ukukhishwa kwentela kumntwana kulula - kuyodingeka ufake isicelo sokuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa enkonzweni yentela noma ukucinga ukucaciswa kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke - kunezibonelo eziningi ezifanayo. Eqinisweni, konke kulula - kunethuba langempela lokungenani kancane ukwandisa imali engenayo yemindeni, ngenxa ye "isaphulelo" encane, ngoba ngokwengxenye imali engenayo yenyanga yonke ayikhokhiswa intela.
Ubani onelungelo lokudonsa intela ingane?
Abafakizicelo bezinzuzo zikahulumeni kufanele baqonde ukuthi ngubani okhokhiswa intela kubantwana, futhi ngubani ongayitholi. Ungathembi kakhulu ekuthandweni kwezimali, okubhekene nokubalwa kwemali - umama noma ubaba kufanele azinakekele. Ngisho noma abantu abadala bengasebenzi endaweni yomsebenzi ngokushesha ngemva kokufika kwamalungu omndeni omusha emhlabeni, bangakwenza njalo nganoma isiphi isikhathi.
Isimiso esiyinhloko lapho isitatimende senziwa yisikhathi sezingane. Uma engekho ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-18-24, ungakwazi ukucela umusa wombuso. Lo umehluko eminyakeni yobudala kufanele ufunde. Uma kwenzeka ingane ibhaliswe kwifomu yesikhathi esigcwele, injalo kuze kube yilapho ineminyaka engu-24. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-cadets ezikoleni zempi. Ithuba elinjalo linikezwa ngu:
- Kubazali.
- Abazali abamukelayo.
- Ama-Trustees / ababheki.
I-Standard Standard Tax Tax Credit
Ukukhishwa kwentela kwezindleko zokugcinwa kwengane kungaba yindinganiso, noma kabili. Esikhathini sokuqala, ababili kubazali, ababheki, abazali abamukelayo noma abaphathiswa bawuthola intela ngayinye yokudonsa intela izingane ezivela emholweni wabo. I-double ihlukile. Ingafakwa:
- Lapho umzali (otholwe noma ozalwa) oyedwa kuphela. Okusho ukuthi kukhona ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kokushona komunye wabo, ukungabi khona kwakhe kwangempela kumadokhumenti (kukholomu kababa) noma isitifiketi sokushiywa amalungelo kumntwana.
- Uma abanikazi bezingane noma ababelethi banesilinganiso esifanayo senzalo ka-13% bese bengenqaba le nzuzo ukuze umlingani angayifaka ngobukhulu obuphindwe kabili.
- Ama-Trustees nabanakekeli banganikeza kuphela ukukhishwa kwentela evamile kubantwana, kodwa kabili ayitholakali. E-Russian Federation, kuncike enani lezingane. Uma ingane emndenini iyinxephezelo eyodwa-encane iyadingeka, kepha izingane ezingaphezulu, ubukhulu obukhulu. Ngakho-ke umbuso ngezinga elithile ukhathalela isimo sezwe ezweni.
Ukudonswa intela kokuzalwa kwengane
Ebonakala emndenini omncane, umntwana unikeza umama wakhe nobaba ilungelo lokukhokha intela yentela yemali yokuthola imali kubantwana. Le nqubo ilula - udinga kuphela ukulungisa imibhalo edingekayo:
- isicelo kumqashi;
- amakhophi amadokhumenti enxephezelo;
- uma kwenzeka umzali emndenini wedwa, ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu kuyadingeka;
- ekunakekelweni nasekugcineni imibuzo ehambisanayo iyadingeka.
"Ukudonswa kwezingane" kukhokhwa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaDisemba walowo nyaka, lapho ingane ekhulile iguqa izingane zakhe ezineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala. Noma kungadluliselwa kuze kube semfundo ephakeme. Emva kwalokho, usevele uthathwa njengomuntu omdala, owathi uthathe umsebenzi, usevele ekhokhela ngokuzimela zonke izinkokhelo ezifanele ngenxa yesistimu kahulumeni.
I-Child Tax Credit
Ungathola "isaphulelo" hhayi kuphela ukugcinwa kwegazi lakho, kodwa nokufunda. Khona-ke kumele atadishe emnyangweni omile weyunivesithi futhi angabi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-24 ubudala. Isicelo sokukhishwa kwentela ngemfundo yengane eyunivesithi singathunyelwa ngokubamba:
- inkontileka neyunivesithi;
- isimemezelo se-3-NDFL;
- Izimpande mayelana nokukhokha;
- Izikhombisi-2-NDFL.
Isihlomelo semfundo singatholakala ngaphandle kokulinda kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka wekhalenda, lapho ukukhokha kwenziwa. Lokhu kunqunywe ngo-2017. Ngaphambilini, lokhu kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunandaba ukuthi ufake izicelo zokubhalisa izingane - ngonyaka wokuqala wemfundo noma wokugcina. Uma usulondoloze amakhadi okukhokha, ungahlala wenza lokhu. Ekupheleni kokuqeqeshwa, inani lale nhlanhla lizophakama kakhulu kunalokho uma usebenzisa njalo ngonyaka.
Bonke abakhokha bazokwaziswa kahle ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa izinkokhelo zenzalo hhayi kuphela ngenqubo yezemfundo yezingane zabo, kodwa nokuqeqeshwa kwabo siqu, ngisho nezihlobo eziseduze (odade, abafowethu). Inqubo yokubhalisa kuleli cala izofana, njengabantwana bayo, noma kunjalo, uhlobo lokuthola imfundo, futhi, kufanele lube khona.
Ukudonsa intela kwengane ekhubazekile
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, ungakwazi ukukhipha ngokushesha ukukhipha, lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kubantwana abakhubazekile, kodwa kubo bonke abanye. Ukukhishwa kwentela kwabazali bezingane ezikhubazekile kuyoba izikhathi eziningana kakhulu kunezinga elinikeziwe. Kubalulekile ukucabangela umyalelo wokuzalwa kwezingane emndenini, ukuze izikhala zomthetho zingabali abakhokhela isinxephezelo abafanele - njengabameli abanolwazi. Enye i-nuance - iphakanyiswa eminyakeni eyi-18-24 kuphela neqembu le-I-II kuphela.
Ukudonswa intela kwelashwa kwezingane
Ekuphileni, kunezimo lapho ingane idinga ukwelashwa okubizayo noma ngisho nokuhlinzwa. Uma ingane isivele isungiswa, sekuyisikhathi sokuthola ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokuthi ungathola kanjani ukwehliswa kwentela emtholampilo wengane. Abantu abadala bangabuyisa enye imali esetshenzisiwe, ngokususelwa ohlwini lwemithi nokuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo. Uma ukwelashwa kunikezwe isiguli esincane kufakwe kuhlu olusungulwe nguhulumeni waseRussia Federation, ngakho-ke, lapho uqoqe imininingwane edingekayo, ungafaka isicelo enhlanganweni efanele ukwenza isaphulelo.
Ngemuva kokubalwa, imali iyodluliselwa ku-akhawunti yokuhlala yomuntu okhokhela intela engenayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ngomthetho, le ntlawulo ayikwazi ukudlulela ku-15,600. Kodwa-ke, kukhona uhlu oluthile lwezinsizakalo zezokwelapha kanye nezidakamizwa lapho lo mkhawulo ungasebenzi khona. Imininingwane ingatholakala esimweni ngasinye.
Ukwehliswa kwentela uma uthenga ingane yokuhlala
Kukhona into enjengokudonswa kwempahla. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwentela kwabantwana abangaphansi, futhi kungabuyiselwa emva kokuthengwa kwempahla kanye nabazali (ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesabelo), futhi uma izindlu zithengwa encane. Lapha asikhulumi ngabazali bethu kuphela, kodwa futhi mayelana nabaphathiswa, abaphathiswa, abazali abamukelayo. Umthetho ngalokhu wavulwa ngo-2014, kunokuba izakhamuzi ezijwayelekile zijabule kakhulu.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthenga impahla yengane yakho sekujwayelekile. Lokhu kuyaqondakala - wonke umzali ufuna ukumnikeza ukuzinza nokunye ukuzimela esikhathini esizayo. Isibonelo, singathatha leli cala ngezihumusho ezimbili:
- U-Petrov Ivan Ivanovich uthenge i-ruble ye-ruble engu-1800 000 yengane yakhe, wayikhipha egameni lendodana yakhe. Kulesi simo, angathembela ekubanjeni imali enani elilingana nenani lezindlu.
- Ngokufanayo u-Ivan Ivanovich uthenge izindlu ze-ruble angu-1800 000 futhi wazakhela yena nendodana yakhe ku-½ ingxenye. Ngakho-ke, unelungelo lokukhulula zombili izingxenye ezivela entela intela esetshenzisiwe.
Ungayithola kanjani inkokhelo yentela yengane?
Ukwazi inqubo yokwenza ukudonsa intela kwengane, kuzoba lula ukwenza okuthile. Kuzodingeka ukuqoqa iphakheji ethile yamadokhumenti:
- ipasipoti enesitembu emshadweni noma engekho;
- izitifiketi zokuzalwa zazo zonke izingane ezizalwa / ezamukelwe;
- uma kunesidingo, isitifiketi esivela endaweni yangaphambilini yomsebenzi noma okwesibili (uma umfakisicelo esebenza emisebenzini emibili);
- uhlelo lokusebenza;
- isiqinisekiso sokuqeqeshwa (inkulisa, izifundo zolimi, izingxenye zemidlalo, isikole somculo nabanye, kuze kube ngu-24).
Uma ngabe isicelo sithunyelwa nge-elekhthronikhi (okuyinto evumelana nezakhamuzi eziningi), kubalulekile ukuthi konke kulungiselelwe ngalesi sikhathi, ngoba "ukuletha" noma yisiphi isitifiketi uma ukubhalisa okungalungile noma ukungabikho kungasebenzi. Ungafaka izicelo ngezindlela ezintathu:
- Nge-website yezinsizakalo zikahulumeni.
- Ngokuqondile ebhizinisini.
- Ngentela.
Ukuncishiswa kwentela kubantwana kubalwa kanjani?
Ukwazi ukuthi ungabala kanjani ukukhishwa kwentela kwengane, nge-arithmetic elula, ungakwazi ukubala ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yemali engenayo ingakhokhiswa ekukhokheni. Ake sithathe isibonelo esilula - umama unezingane ezine, 16, 13, 8 no-5 ubudala. Umholo wakhe ungama-60000. Umama uhambisa imibhalo, ngokusho ukuthi abantwana banelungelo lokunciphisa intela yomholo yomuntu siqu: owokuqala ababili - 2.800 ndawonye, kanye nesithathu nesine-3000 ngenyanga. Amaqabunga angama-8800.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi isamba somama ngezinyanga ezine asidluli ama-ruble angu-350,000 eRussia. Ngakho-ke, angayithokozela le nzuzo yomphakathi. Ukubalwa kwentela yomuntu engenayo yenyanga kuyindlela elandelayo: (60000 - 8800) * 13% = 6656. Unina wezingane ezine uzothola le mali: 60000 - 6656 = 53344. Uma kukhona nobaba, khona-ke endaweni yomsebenzi angathola ilungelo lentela, kodwa omunye , uma umholo nomkakhe akufani.
Inani lokudonsa intela kwengane
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungayandisa kanjani imali yakho yomndeni, kulula. Ukwenza lokhu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini eyenziwe ezinganeni futhi okungenani okuncane ukuba nesithakazelo emthethweni ngokwabo. Kodwa-ke, njalo ngonyaka, izimali ezintsha zamukelwa kule ndawo futhi ngoJanuwari 1 wonyaka ngamunye umuntu angalindela izinguquko. Inani lixhomeke ekuhleleni kokuzalwa kwabo, isibonelo, uma izingane ezimbili zinikezwa ukukhishwa kwentela nguhulumeni futhi, uma ingane ingenye, kodwa inokukhubazeka - lokhu kuyinani elihlukile lemali.
- 1 ingane - 1400;
- ngolwesibili - 1400;
- okwesithathu nakho konke okulandelayo - 3000;
- kwi-invalid kuya kubazali nabazali - 12000, nakuma-trustees kanye nabaphathiswa abangu-6000.
Ukubuyisela izingane ezingu-3, okungekho muntu onesifo sokukhubazeka nabo bonke abaphilile, kuzoba ngaphansi kakhulu uma omunye wabo eneqembu. Kubalulekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi emathekheni kuphela amaqembu okuqala nokubili okukhubazeka ashiwo, kanti okwesithathu akunjalo. Uma abantwana asebekhulile emkhayeni sebekhulile isikhathi eside, basabhekwa njengabantwana, noma ngabe intela kubo ayikhokhelwe, futhi zonke izingane ezalandela zizocatshangelwa ukuthi zingabokuqala, kodwa okulandelayo.
Intela ayiyona indaba elula, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaningi. Abaningi balabo, abasebenza ngokusemthethweni, bakhokhela izimali ezehlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa, benze ngokuvumelana nesifanekiso esijwayelekile - hhayi ngokucophelela. Kodwa abantu bangabantu abadali bezinhlalakahle zabo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba bekhulisa kancane ukufunda kwabo umthetho wokubhala, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthuthukisa isimo sezimali somndeni. Akufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi lesi sihlobo esithile sesipho esivela kuhulumeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, akudingeki ukuthi usebenzise ukukhwabanisa okungekho emthethweni, ngoba kuvunyelwene ezingeni lezomthetho.