Ngosizo lwe-ultrasound kusukela esikhathini esisheshayo nje, omama abazayo abakwazi ukubona kuphela umfanekiso ocacile nombala wemvuthuluka yabo esikrinini somqapha (i-3D ultrasound), kodwa futhi ulandele isimo nesimo saso sokubukeka ngesikhathi sangempela (i-4D ultrasound). Yiqiniso, umsebenzi we-ultrasound, njengendlela ephephile yokuxilongwa, inkulu kakhulu kunokumane ufunde umama nengane ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic, ukuhlola isimo se-fetus, ukukhomba amaphutha ayo okuthuthukiswa, ukuqapha ukusetjenziswa kwezinqubo ezingenayo (amniocentesis, chorionic biopsy, cordocentesis) ne-fetometry, enquma ubukhulu be-fetus nge-ultrasound.
Ukudlula ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound okugunyazayo - ukhiye wokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo
Ukuze kutholakale ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kokukhulelwa, ukungabi nengozi kokuphazanyiswa kwalo kanye nokungaziphambuki okungenzeka kube khona, abesifazane abathintekayo kufanele bahlolwe nge-ultrasound izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Isibonelo, i-ultrasound ye-fetus okwesikhathi samasonto angu-10-12 ihloswe ekunqumeni inani lamantombazane, ehlonza izinkinga ezinzulu ezifana ne-Down's syndrome, i-Edwards ngesisekelo sokuhlola kwamakaki ala ma-pathologies we-chromosomal: ubukhulu besikhala se-collar (ekwazisa ukukhula komntwana nge-ultrasound 45-83mm ) nobude bamathambo ekhaleni. Ngenhloso yokwethembeka kwedatha etholakele, ngaphezu kwe-ultrasound, ukubukwa kwe-"biochemical" kungabuyekwa. Ngaphakathi kwe-ultrasound yokugunyazwa yokuqala, izitho zomzimba zesisu, isakhiwo sobuchopho bayo, inhliziyo, isisu, isisu, umgogodla nokunyakaza kwengane kunqunywa.
I-ultrasound ye-fetus emavikini angu-20 kuya ku-24 ihlola isimo se-placenta, i-amniotic fluid kuyo, yenziwa ukuqeda ukukhubazeka kwesisu, kufaka phakathi enhliziyweni, nokunquma ngokunembile ubulili bomntwana. Emasontweni angama-30-32, i-ultrasound ye-fetus iyadingeka ukucacisa isisindo sayo esilinganiselwe, isimo sezintambo zomzimba, ukukala ubukhulu bekhanda lomntwana nomngcwabo wokuzalwa womama.
Ukunqunywa kwesikhathi esiqondile sokuzalwa - umsebenzi we-fetometry
Esikhathini sesifundo ngasinye, isikhathi esiqondile sokudiliva sizimisele, kepha okufundiswa kakhulu uma kusungulwa ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ubukhulu be-fetal obunqunywa yi-ultrasound ekukhulelweni, njenge-KTP (usayizi we-coccyx-parietal) kanye ne-DPR (ububanzi beqanda lesisu) ngokuvamile lijwayelekile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bangathonywa yizinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo nalezi zinkomba, incazelo yenkathi yokukhulelwa nokubeletha kwenzeka ngokuhlolisisa nokuqhathanisa ezinye izinkomba ze-fetometric ngezinga lobukhulu besisu nge-ultrasound.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-fetometry yizo:
- I-BDP (ubukhulu be-biparietal, obukhulu phakathi kwamathambo wesikhashana). Esikhathini sokutadisha, kungase kwenzeke ukuthi ikhanda le-fetal lihlelwe ekungeneni kwesikhumba esincane. Kulokhu, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukucacisa i-BDP, ngokuphathelene nokuthi, i-protocol ye-ultrasound izoba yini into "akunakwenzeka ukucacisa i-BDP". Yonke imizamo yokulinganisa ingabangela amaphutha ekuxilongweni, futhi ngenxa yezinyathelo ezingafanele zokuqhuba umsebenzi. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ubukhulu bekhanda buyokwanda ngokweqile (brachycephaly) noma isikhathi eside (dolichocephaly). Izinto ezinjalo, kanye nomumo ojwayelekile we-ellipsoidal, izinhloko ziyizinto ezihlukahlukene, kepha kungaholela emaphutha ekunqumeni iminyaka yobudala kanye nesisindo somntwana nge-ultrasound. Ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okufanele, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuhokhwe ekutadisheni ezinye izinkomba ze-fetometry);
- I-LZR (usayizi we-frontal-occipital);
- I-OG (ikhanda lesihloko);
- I-OJ (isisu sangasese) ingenye yezinqubo eziyinhloko zokuxilongwa kwe-intrauterine ukulinda ukukhula (FGP), njengoba kusiza ukunquma isisindo somntwana nge-ultrasound;
- I-DLB (ubude bethanga). Le nkhomba kumele isetshenziswe ngenhloso yokuthola isikhathi sokukhulelwa kuphela uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola i-BDP noma ngefomu elingavamile lekhanda, kuyilapho kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni i-dysplasia yamathambo;
- I-DGRK (ububanzi besifuba), njll.
Kusekelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezinkomba eziningana kwenza kube nenembile kakhulu ukucacisa isikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngesikhathi sokufika emavikini angama-36, kungcono ukutadisha abantu BDP, DLB no-OZH, emva kokufanayo - OZ, OG kanye neDLB.
Njengomthetho, isiphetho senziwa ngesisekelo setafula le-ultrasound lesilinganiselo se-fetal ye-ultrasound, isibonelo esinikezwe ngezansi:
Ngenxa yokuthi iyunithi ngayinye ingalungiswa ngamatafula ahlukene anama-fetus amasonto, ama-protocol angase abe nokungafani okuphawulekayo.
Uma ubukhulu bungaphansi kwenkathi yokukhulelwa ekhonjisiwe etafuleni, futhi uma isisindo esincane se-fetus sinqunywe yi-ultrasound, ukuxilongwa kwe-HPV kuvame ukwenza. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe, i-ultrasound eyengeziwe yenziwa ku-dynamics, i-cardiotocography ne-dopplerography imisiwe. Kunoma yikuphi, uma imingcele ingavumelani, akufanele ukwesabeke ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba isizathu singaba banal - isikhathi sokukhulelwa sisethiwe ngokungalungile ngenxa yokungalungi ekunqumeni usuku lokuvota. Ngokuvamile lesi simo sibonakala ngesikhathi samaminerrhea.