Imiphakathi yasendulo - ulwazi oluyimfihlo kanye namagugu emiphakathi yasendulo

Impucuko ingabizwa ngokuthi isigaba esithile sokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, okubhekwa yizigaba zayo zomphakathi, ukubhala, ubuciko kanye neminye imisebenzi. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi izimfihlakalo zifihlekile emiphakathini yasendulo, eziningi zazo ezingatholakali.

Imiphakathi yasendulo yomhlaba

Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwempucuko, ngokusho kocwaningo, kwavela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana ezedlule endaweni ye-Asia, i-Afrika neYurophu. Nakuba imiphakathi yasendulo yasungulwa ngezikhathi ezihlukene, izinqubo zokwakheka kwazo nentuthuko zinemisebenzi eminingi evamile. Yaba isisekelo sokuthola okubalulekile, okwakungumsebenzi wokuthuthukiswa komuntu nokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko.

Impucuko yamaSumeriya

Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi amaSomeri ayengumhlahlandlela wokuqala emhlabeni, owavela eMesopotamiya eminyakeni engaphezu kweziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha edlule. Izazi-mlando zakwazi ukunquma amaqiniso alandelayo:

1. AbaseSomeriya bayimpucuko yokuqala emhlabeni ukusebenzisa i-ternary system futhi bazi izinombolo ze-Fibonacci.
2. Ezinganekwane zalaba bantu, izincazelo zokuqala zesakhiwo nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yelanga zenziwa.
3. Emibhalweni yesandla yaseSumeriya kuboniswa ukuthi abantu banamuhla badalwa ngenxa yezindlela zokukhiqiza izakhi zofuzo eminyakeni engaba ngu-3 000 edlule.
4. Baye basebenzela indawo, kwakukhona inkantolo nezinhlangano ezahlukene zikahulumeni ezikhethwe ngabantu
5. AmaSomeri ayekhona iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili.

Impucuko yasendulo yaseMayan

Omunye wezizwe ezingavamile kakhulu, ezizikhumbuza ngokwawo ngisho nasezweni lanamuhla, okuyinto ikhalenda eyaziwayo yaseMeya, ukubikezela ukuphela kwezwe . Ukwaziswa okuyimfihlakalo ngemiphakathi yasendulo kuyaqhubeka nokufundiswa ososayensi, futhi bakwazi ukucacisa amaqiniso anjalo:

1. AmaMaya ayenze ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha amatshe kanye nemipiramidi emikhulu, eyasebenza njengendawo yokungcwaba abahlonishwayo. Bakha ithanga, ukotini, izithelo ezihlukahlukene, ubhontshisi nokunye. Abantu babehlanganyela ekufakweni kasawoti.
2. Kwalaba bantu, inkolo yayibaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukukhulekela onkulunkulu kwakuyihlelo. AmaMaya awanikelanga izilwane kuphela kodwa nabantu.
3. Imiphakathi yasendulo yayinolwazi olukhulu ekufundeni kwezinkanyezi, isibonelo, amakhalenda amaMaya afinyelele ezinsukwini zethu futhi ukunemba kwabo akupheli ukumangaza.
4. Maya ngokuyisimangaliso washiya emhlabeni, futhi kwenzekani ngempela kuze kube yilapho kungenzeka.

Impucuko yase-Inca yasendulo

Ekulu kunayo yonke indawo nendawo, umbuso, owawuseNingizimu Melika. Sibonga izazi-mlando, ulwazi oluningi ngalesi sizwe lwaziwa emphakathini:

1. Ososayensi abakwazanga ukuthola ubufakazi obuzokhuluma nge-Inca, kodwa babhekwa njengenzalo yempucuko yase-Andean yokuqala.
2. Izimfihlo zemiphakathi yasendulo zikhombisa ukuthi umbuso wawunehlukaniso olucacile lokuphatha kanye nomnotho osungulwe kahle.
3. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku kwakungekho inkohlakalo, cishe kwakungekho macala ahlobene nokubulala nobugebengu.
4. Imbalwa imiphakathi yasendulo yayineposi, ngakho-ke i-Incas yayineziteshi zeposi ezingu-5-7.
5. Laba bantu babe nesistimu yabo yokulinganisa amanani, ikhalenda, izakhiwo kanye nesiko lomculo. Ukubhalwa kwe-Incas kubizwa ngokuthi i-knot incwadi eya emgqonyeni.

Impucuko yama-Aztec

Abantu abaningi baseNdiya abahlala eMexico bangama-Aztec. Umlando wemiphakathi yasendulo yaziwa ngamaqiniso anjalo:

1. Ama-Aztec ayethanda imidlalo nokudala, ngokwesibonelo, ayaziwa ngemifanekiso yabo nobumba.
2. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulaba bantu kwakuyimfundo izingane ezingayitholanga kuphela kubazali babo, kodwa nasezikoleni.
3. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi le mpucuko yasendulo yanyamalala hhayi ngenxa yezimpi eziningi, kodwa ngenxa yesibungu esabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20.
4. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukutholakala kohlelo oluphambili lokurekhoda nokugcina idatha: intela, yomlando, inkolo namanye amaphepha.
5. Amadoda alaba bantu avunyelwe isithembu , futhi imindeni empofu ithengisa izingane zibe yizigqila, futhi lokhu kwakungacatshangwa into engavamile.

Impucuko yasendulo yaseMesopotamiya

Ngenxa yokuthi indawo yaseMesopotamiya yayihlala endaweni ephakathi kwamifula amabili: i-Ewufrathe neTigris, yayibizwa nangokuthi iMesopotamiya. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi izakhamuzi zokuqala zensimu yaseningizimu zaziyiSomeriya, kodwa empeleni ngaphambi kokuba umhlaba uhlalwe ezinye izizwe.

1. Izakhiwo zemiphakathi yasendulo zibonisa ukuthi kwakukhona izindawo eziningana ezinkulu ensimini yaseMesopotamiya.
2. Abantu bendawo bahlakulela imibono yenkolo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemikhosi yemilingo esetshenziswa kakhulu.
3. Ngalezo zinsuku iMesopotamiya yayinezibonakaliso zempucuko, ngaphandle kokubhala, kodwa lokhu kwashintsha ngemuva kokuba insimu yayihlala ngabaseSomeriya.

Impucuko yasendulo yeBhabhiloni

Ngalezo zinsuku iBabiloni laliyidolobha elicebile futhi elinamandla kunazozonke, elibonakala liwubuciko bokuhlakanipha kwabantu. Akuzona zonke izimfihlo zemiphakathi yasendulo ezixazululiwe, kodwa ososayensi bakwazi ukufunda ulwazi oluningi oluthakazelisayo:

1. Okubaluleke kakhulu eBabiloni kwakuhweba, futhi imikhiqizo eyakhiwe yiba bantu yayijabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu. Lo muzi uthathwa ngokuthi "i-trendsetter".
2. Uma udokotela enza ukuxilongwa okungalungile, izandla zakhe zaqedwa, futhi ubufebe babhekwa njengomsebenzi ohloniphekile.
3. Isikhumbuzo esidume kunazo zonke ngaleso sikhathi yizivande zaseBhabhiloni.
4. Ubuchwepheshe bemiphakathi yasendulo yavumela ukwakha izakhiwo ezingavamile, ezimelela kuphela iNqabayokulinda yaseBabel, eyayiphakathi nendawo yedolobha lasendulo.

Imiphakathi yasendulo engavamile

Emhlabeni, kunezakhiwo eziningi eziyingqayizivele ezivela emvelaphi, ngoba akekho ithuba langempela lokuchaza imvelaphi yazo. Imfihlakalo yemiphakathi eyanyamalalayo iyaqhubeka ukuphazamisa ososayensi abaningi abazama ukufinyelela phansi kweqiniso. Ama-Psychics nabanye abantu abasebenza ngamandla futhi banethuba lokubheka esikhathini esedlule baqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi yasendulo yayikhona.

Impucuko ye-Hyperborea

Impucuko yasendulo inegama elinye - i-Arktida. Kukholelwa ukuthi yanyamalala, kanye ne-Atlantis, eyaziwa abaningi, ngenxa yoZamcolo. Ukufa kwemiphakathi yasendulo ayikho isiqiniseko sangempela, kodwa ulwazi oluthe xaxa luyaziwa kubantu abahlukahlukene, okungaphezulu kokucabanga.

1. Kunengqondo yokuthi ama-hyperboreans yasendulo ayengumlingo kanye neminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 edlule kwakukhona impi enkulu nabakhileyo base-Atlantis, ngenxa yalokho okwakhiwa u-Ural.
2. Abantu base- Hyperborea babenikwe isipho, futhi wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba abe nobuciko.
3. Encwadini ye-encyclopedia, ama-Hyperboreans abizwe ngokuthi abantu abanobuhle abahlala ezweni eliyisipharadesi. Abantu bebelokhu bebancane, bengaguli futhi bajabulela ukuphila okujabulisayo.

Impucuko yeLemuria

Uma uthembela kolwazi kusuka emithonjeni eyimfihlo, khona-ke impucuko yokuqala yasendulo yayisezwenikazi elikhulu, elabizwa ngeLemuria. Elinye igama liyaziwa - Mu. Okulandelayo kwaziwa ngale mpucuko:

1. Kukhona iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingu-52.
2. I-Lemurians yasendulo yafinyelela emamitha angu-18 ubude futhi yayinamandla angaphezu kwamandla .
3. Isizathu sokuqothulwa komhlaba ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okwenzeka ngenxa yokufuduka kwebhande lomhlaba.
4. Ifa lemiphakathi yasendulo liseyisayensi yokwakha, ngenxa yokuthi abantu bakha izakhiwo zamatshe.

I-Hittide Impucuko

Ngokusho kwezinganekwane ezikhona e-Indian nasePacific Ocean kwakuyizwekazi elikhulu - uHittida. Kukholelwa ukuthi kwakhiwe okhokho besintu banamuhla. Abalando-mlando bathole amaphilisi, ukuchithwa kwezinto okuye kwasiza ukuvula ezinye iziqu zemiphakathi yasendulo:

1. Isimo sezulu kuleli zwe sasilungele impilo yabantu, izilwane nezitshalo.
2. Izwekazi lalinabantu abanesikhumba esiphuzi, esibomvu, esimnyama nesomhlophe. Babenamandla angaphezu kwamandla, babekwazi ukuhamba ne-teleport.
3. Kubantu, kwakubalulekile ukuhlanganisa nemvelo, eyabanika amandla.
4. Imiphakathi eminingi yasendulo yafa ngenxa yezinhlekelele, ngakho uHittid wanyamalala ngemuva kokushayisana komhlaba nge-asteroid.
5. Ngokombiko owodwa, leli zwekazi lalwakhiwa yimiphefumulo ehlala emzimbeni omzimba omzimba.

Impucuko yasendulo yePacifida

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Pacific Ocean iqukethe izimfihlo eziningi, kukhona inguqulo i-continent ye-Pacifide elahlekile kuyo. Ukuphila kwayo akukhulunywa nje ngabasosayensi kuphela, kodwa futhi ngabacwaningi abathola imidwebo yemiphakathi yasendulo.

1. Kukholelwa ukuthi leli zwe lalihlalwe yiziqhwaga zangempela, okukhula kwazo okwafinyelela ngamamitha amahlanu, noma ngaphezulu. Qinisekisa noma uphikise lolu lwazi manje akunakwenzeka.
2. Isiqinisekiso sokuthi ama-Pacifides akhona yizithombe ezinkulu zamatshe ze-moai, ezise-Easter Island. Ososayensi abakwazanga ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto zokwakha zasendulo ezavunyelwa ukwenza lezi zithombe ezinkulu.
3. Kunezihumusho eziningana ezichaza isizathu sokunyamalala kwezwekazi futhi ngokwezinto ezinokwethenjelwa kuzo zonke izinkinga ekuhambeni kwamapuleti ase-continental, okwaholela ekubeni iPacifida isiqhekekile futhi yanyuka phansi olwandle. Kukholelwa ukuthi isiqhingi sase-Easter siyingxenye eshiywe empucuko yasendulo.

Imiphakathi yasendulo - i-Atlantis

Kusukela ezinsukwini zeGrisi lasendulo, imfihlakalo yase-Atlantis inabantu abathintekayo kanye nenani elikhulu labososayensi iminyaka emibili eyizinkulungwane ezimbili baye bazama ukuthola indawo yendawo yayo nomlando wokuba khona. Umuntu wokuqala owabhala ngo-Atlantis wayengumfilosofi uPlato, obhala ngaye abacwaningi banamuhla.

1. Isazi sefilosofi sisho ukuthi amadolobha asempucuko yasendulo ayecebile, futhi wacabanga ukuthi abase-Atlante babe yinzalo kaPoseidon.
2. Imiphakathi yasendulo eyanyamalala yayisicebile, ngakho ithempeli likaNkulunkulu omkhulu kaPoseidon laligcwele igolide, isiliva nezinye izinsimbi. E-Atlantis kwakukhona izithombe eziningi zeNkosi yolwandle nomkakhe, ezenziwe ngegolide.
3. Izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni zazijabule ngamahhashi. Babethanda ama-Atlante ukuba athathe amabhati okushisa, njengoba kwakunomthombo wamanzi abandayo namanzi ashisayo ensimini.
4. I-Atlantis yalahleka ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kanye nezikhukhula.
5. Ucwaningo olwenziwe luyenziwe, okwenza kube lula ukuthola indawo yamasonto, izakhiwo ezahlukene nezinye izinto. Kusukela phansi kwakhiwa amakristalu akwazi ukwandisa amandla adluliselwe kuwo.