I-placenta yomuntu iyinjabulo yebhuloho emkhatsini wamama ne-fetus, efeza imisebenzi eminingi. Nge-placenta, izakhi kanye ne-oksijini zingena kumntwana, kukhishwa imikhiqizo yomsebenzi obalulekile wengane, i-placenta ivikela ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, ihlanganisa amahomoni adingekayo ekwenzeni okujwayelekile kokukhulelwa. Noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-placenta kuyaphazamisa isimo somntwana, ikakhulukazi ukuthunjwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi se-placenta - ukwehlukaniswa kwendawo yengane kusuka odongeni lwesibeletho kuyingozi. Cabangela ukuthi kungani i-placenta ihlushwa.
Ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi - izimpawu
Ngokuvamile, i-placenta ihlukaniswe nesisu esiswini sesithathu sokusebenza, ngokuxoshwa kokuzalwa kwesikhathi. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ezigabeni zokuqala nezesibili zomsebenzi), ukwenqatshwa kwamapulazi kuyisifo esibucayi esibandakanya ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Kubonakala kunomunye wabesifazane abakhulelwe abangu-120, kuyilapho amacala angu-15% ingane ishona.
Ukuthunjwa okuyimpoqo ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-placenta kungase kube izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukukhulelwa kwamanzi okuvela emgqeni wesisu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesibeletho;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu emathunjini nasezingeni eliphansi;
- isimo sokushaqeka (ukuphefumula okwandisiwe, isizungu, isicanucanu, ukuqonda okuphazamisayo);
- ukwephulwa kwenhliziyo nokusebenza komntwana we-fetus.
Ukuxilongwa okunembile kwenziwa ngesisekelo se-ultrasound nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kuvumela ukunquma ukuthi kukhona nokuba khona kokuphazamiseka okuphazamisayo, ubukhulu be-hematoma nokuhlola amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle.
Ukuphazamiseka kwamaplanti okuphambene nokudala - izimbangela
Odokotela abakwazi ukusho ukuthi kungani kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka okuphazamisayo. Kodwa-ke, kuphawulwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi lokhu kungenxa yokuphulwa esimisweni senhliziyo yabesifazane, kanye ne-pathology yezimpahla ze-placenta. Ingozi enkulu kakhulu yezinkinga nge-gestosis ejulile nomfutho wegazi ophezulu: i-capillari ye-placental iba yincwajana, i-brittle, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayinakwenzeka ngegazi. Izinguquko ezifanayo zenzeka ezifweni ezinzima ezingahlobene nokukhulelwa: izifo ze-thyroid nezinso, isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala.
I-Detachment ye-placenta ingaba nezinye izimbangela ezihlobene nokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukukhubazeka iphakeme kula macala alandelayo:
- owesifazane unesifo esingenakulinganiswa nesimo esingenakulinganiswa;
- ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi kakade kwenzeka kakade esikhathini esidlule, ikakhulukazi lokhu kuyinto evamile yokukhulelwa kwesisu;
- kukhona isibazi esibelethweni. Ukuba khona kwesibazi esakhiweni sokunamathiswa kwe-placenta kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo;
- ihlolwe nge-polyhydramnios noma ukukhulelwa okuningi. Kulokhu, ukwehla okubukhali ekucindezelweni kwe-intrauterine ngesikhathi sokubeletha kungabangela ukwenqatshelwa kwe-placental;
- lo wesifazane wayevame ukubeletha, kanti i-mucosa ye-uterine yathola izinguquko ezingenakuguquka;
- intambo encane yokubeletha ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-placental ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ukugwema lokhu, ukuhanjiswa kunconywa nge
isigaba se-cearean).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhulelweni, izimo ezizimele zivela lapho umzimba uveza ama-antibodies kumaseli awo. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kangako, kodwa kungaba yinye yezimbangela zokucubungula okuphahleni.
Inqola yangaphambi kwesigcawu se-placenta ibhekene nokubhema abesifazane, kanye nalabo abasebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa. Ukuvusa inqola efanayo ye-placenta kungaba ukwesaba okukhulu (lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwegazi) noma ukulimala kwesisu (ngesikhathi kunomthelela, ukuwa noma ingozi). Kulesi simo, ngisho noma kungekho zibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zomsebenzi we-placenta ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa , kuyadingeka ukubona udokotela.