Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile - izindlela zokutshala imbewu ekhaya

Ukuhlela ukuhlwanyela izaqathe entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele ulungiselele izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene ze-agrotechnical, ngaphandle kokungeke ukwazi ukukhulisa inqwaba yezilimo ezimpande ezinkulu nezomnandi. Kunconywa ukuqala umsebenzi ebusika ngokufuna imbewu yekhwalithi namanyolo embhede.

Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile

Abanye abaqalayo balimi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi siko sichitha ngokuphelele izimo ezikhulayo, ngakho akudingekile ukulandela imithetho yokutshala izaqathe entwasahlobo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi isimo sengqondo esingesona sína singathinta kakhulu imiphumela. Uma abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo njalo bethola izitshalo ezizinzile, bese kungenandaba, kungenzeka ukuthi zikhule izithelo ezijwayelekile kuphela eminyakeni ehle. Umphumela wokuhlwanyela izaqathe entwasahlobo ensimini evulekile kuthinta ukukhethwa kwesayithi kanye nekhwalithi yokulungiselela inhlabathi.

Izizathu zokuthola izaqathe ezingezona ezijwayelekile:

1. Ukwehlukaniswa kwezithelo kubangelwa ukwethulwa kwama-fertilizer aqukethe ama-chlorine.
2. Ukuphuza izaqathe kuvame ukukhula uma kuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini enzima, kungcolile ngamatshe kanye nama-debris.
3. Umswakama okweqile emhlabathini ovulekile uholela ekuqhekekeni kwezitshalo zezimpande.
4. I-nitrogen eyengeziwe ibangela i-branching engadingeki.
5. Ukunciphisa amahlumela okungalungile kuthinta ubungako bezithelo.
6. Ngokuntuleka komswakama, izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile zikhulula izimpande ze-lateral futhi zilahlekelwe ukunambitheka.

Imigomo yokuhlwanyela izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile

Khetha isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela izaqathe kumele kube ngokucophelela, ngokusekelwe emisebenzini eyabelwe, imbewu ehlukahlukene, isimo sezulu, ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi. Emapulazini angasese, okukhethwa kukho okuyinhloko okutshalwa kulesi sitshalo kusetshenziswa:

1. Ukuhlwanyela kwe-Subzimnium - kwenziwa endaweni evulekile kusukela ngomhla ka-20 Okthoba kuya phakathi kukaNovemba. Ifanelekele inhlabathi ekhanyayo enhlabathini evulekile endaweni evulekile lapho iqhwa liphuma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
2. Ukuqala kokutshala isanqante kwentwasahlobo iqala emibhedeni evulekile kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Lolu khetho luzohambisana nalabo abafuna ukuthola ngo-Agasti izilimo zezitshalo zokulondolozwa nokusetshenziswa kwehlobo.
3. Izitshalo zasehlobo ensimini - zenze kusukela phakathi kukaMeyi, ngale ndlela kungcono ukukhula izaqathe zamabhukimakhi okugcina ubusika.
4. Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe endaweni evulekile maphakathi noJulayi - le migomo ayisetshenziswa kaningi futhi sezulu esingahle, uma kunesidingo, ekwindla ukuba idle izaqathe ezincane ezinomsoco.

Indlela yokulungiselela imbewu yokuqothula?

Imbewu izaqathe ihlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali, okubavikela ngesikhathi sokugcina kusuka emswakeni. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekuhlumeni okuncane kokuqukethwe futhi kudinga ukulungisa isimo sabalimi besebenzisa izixazululo ezingajwayelekile. Ukukhiqizwa kwe- karoti ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kwenza ama-embri ukuba aphume endaweni yokuphumula, ukucindezeleka okufakelwayo kuvuselela ukuhluma okusebenzayo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngamahlumela e-podzimnih, le nqubo ibangela umphumela wokushisa, esimweni sehlobo lesitshalo sezinhlobo ezidingekayo kumele senziwe yithi ngokwethu.

Ukuqiniswa kweqathethi:

1. Indlela yokwelapha okushisa - ukucwiliswa kwembewu egoqwe esikhwameni se-gauze, emanzini ashisayo ngezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-52 ° C.
2. Isikhathi sokucubungula cishe imizuzu engu-20.
3. Sithatha isikhwama sembewu bese sipholile emanzini abandayo.
4. Ekugcineni, kuyadingeka ukuthi umise ukwaziswa ukuze uguquke.
5. Qinisekisa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa ketshezi, ukushisa okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuhluma, futhi isanqante esetshenziselwa amanzi ashisayo awanamaphesenti ayisebenzi.

Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela izaqathe entwasahlobo?

Ukufunda izimfihlakalo zokuhlwanyela izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile, qaphela njalo ukwakheka kwenhlabathi nokulungiselela isayithi entwasahlobo yokutshala. Ehlabathini evulekile futhi elula, izimpande zitshala kahle, futhi inhlabathi ingathuthukiswa ngokungeza umquba wokugaya ukumba. Akusiluleka ukusebenzisa i-pus fresh noma ukwethula ukulinganiselwa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen. Ungathola izinambuzane ezinamaqabunga neziqothukile ezifakiwe, ezingcolile nge-nitrate. Khipha umhlabathi ovulekile ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, mhlawumbe kuya ku-15 cm.

Ukujula kokuhlwanyela izaqathe

Okukhethwa kukho okuhle - ukuhlwanyela lesi sitshalo embhedeni emgqeni wesi-4 ibanga eliphakathi kwembhede eliseduze kuze kube ngu-20 cm. Ukujula kokutshala izaqathe endaweni evulekile entwasahlobo kuxhomeke ekubunjweni komhlaba. Uma uphelela futhi ufihle ngokujulile imbewu, khona-ke isikhathi sokuhluma siyokhula kakhulu. Enhlabathini enzima kungcono ukwenza ama-groove nge-1.5 cm ejulile, enhlabathini elula - kuze kufinyelele ku-3 cm. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, i-substrate ihlanganiswe kancane ukuze ukunyuka komswakama kwande kumanyolo wokutshala.

Izindlela zokuhlwanyela izaqathe

Izakhamuzi zasehlobo zizama njalo ukuthola izindlela ezikhohlisayo zokutshala izaqathe, ezingathuthukisa ukuhluma futhi zikhulise kakhulu isivuno. Kunezinketho ezithakazelisayo ezizibonakalise ngokwabo ngemuva. Abaningi babo basiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwembewu kanye nesikhathi esichithwa ekusileni ekunakekeleni izithombo. Cabangela izindlela ezithandwa kakhulu, indlela yokutshala izaqathe entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile:

1. Ukuhlwanyela ngembewu eyomile.
2. Ukuhlwanyela endaweni evulekile entwasahlobo ihluma imbewu enomswakama.
3. Ukuxuba inoculum nomhlabathi wesihlabathi.
4. Isicelo entwasahlobo enhlobonhlobo evulekile.
5. Sebenzisa emathinini omboni ovulekile owenziwe ngezitshalo ezifakiwe.
6. Isicelo entwasahlobo uma uthayipha amateyipu okunamathisela ezenziwe ngokwabo.
7. Ukuhlwanyela okuxutshwe kwamaqathi ngesithombo, ukuvuthwa kokugcina nokuphuka ekuqaleni.
8. Ukuhlwanyela ama-karoti okuxubile entwasahlobo ngo-anyanisi-ukuhlwanyela, okudlala indima ebhedeni lomkhuba we-beacon.
9. Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe endaweni ye-pasta eyenziwe ngokwenziwa ngembewu, isitashi, amanzi kanye namanyolo.
10. Sebenzisa entwasahlobo yomgqobi wendlu.
11. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela ebhodleleni lepulasitiki, wenze kusengaphambili uchungechunge lwemigodi yesayizi edingekayo.

Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe emaqanda amaqanda

Ukubaluleka kuthola inguqulo yokuqala yokuhlwanyela izaqathe entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile ngosizo lensiza enjalo engeyona ejwayelekile, njengamaseli angaphansi kwamaqanda. Esikhathini sokuqala, kunconywa ukuba uthuthukise inhlabathi ngokungeza umlotha, i-humus negobolondo elichotshoziwe emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi esifanele sithatha ama-trays alungisiwe bese siqala ukusebenza.

Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe emalayini amaqanda:

1. Sibeka ama-trays ebusweni bombhede olungiselelwe, siwaqhube emhlabathini.
2. Kudingeka ukuthatha amathrekhi wephepha, ziyancipha futhi aziphazamisi ukukhula ehlobo.
3. I-bottom of the trays kufanele ikhwekwe kancane ngomese.
4. Gcwalisa amathreyi ngamanzi.
5. Sifaka ungqimba omncane we-humus ezansi kwamaseli.
6. Ungasebenzisa imbewu elula, kepha izinto ezincane ezinamazinga amakhulu okuhluma kufanelekile.
7. Esitokisini, sibeka imbewu eyodwa ngayinye noma isiqinisekiso esibeka kuyo imbewu encane, bese sidabula amahlumela engeziwe.
8. Emva kokuhlwanyela, uphinde uthule amathreyi phezulu ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngamanzi namanzi okuchitha.
9. Le ndlela ifanelekile endaweni encane, kusiza ukugwema ukulawula ukhula nezintinnings zamahlumela.

Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe kwi-tape emhlabathini ovulekile

Imbewu yamateyipu iyathengiswa, kodwa ngokuvamile ithola uhlobo olufanele lwezinkinga, ngakho-ke izakhamuzi zasehlobo zizenza ngokuzenzakalelayo idivaysi eshibhile yokutshala ngokushesha izitshalo zensimu ezivela ephepheni lezindlu zangasese. Ngenye indlela, amaphephandaba asetshenziswe ekuqaleni, anqunywe ububanzi cishe ngo-2 cm. Lungisa iphepha nge-starch unamathisele futhi usakaze imbewu nge-2.5 cm. Ukuze silungise iglue, sihlanza i-1 tsp. isitashi egumbini lamanzi. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-krokti kwi-tape ijubane nenqubo futhi kuvimbela ukwaziswa okutshala ukuthi kungagudluki embhedeni ngesikhathi sezulu.

Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe ngokunamathisela

Kubathandi, kunconywa ukutshala izaqathe emathinini omunwe njengendlela ethakazelisayo kodwa ephumelelayo esiza ukuthola amahlumela afanayo nokuvuna okuhle kwalesi sitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile. Kunconywa ukuxuba isithombo kanye nezinhlamvu ze-kroti, ezizosebenza njenge-beacon engadini. Ukwenza isitshalo ngonamathisela kulula kakhulu:

1. Siphuza umquba kusuka kumatashi ngokuhambisana okuncane.
2. Ngetitha elilodwa lokunamathisela, uthele isikhwama sesithombo kanye namaphakethe angu-3-4 amaqathe.
3. Sifaka isipuni se-umquba wamaminerali asununwe ngamanzi.
4. Hlanganisa ngenduku etholakele "i-cocktail".
5. Thela unamathela ebhodleleni lezinsiza ngensipho encane.
6. Uma utshala, kunconywa ukuthi unyakaze uketshezi lwamanzi ebhodleleni.

Seeding izaqathe ngesihlabathi

Ukunciphisa izitshalo zensimu kuyinkqubo enzima, ngaphandle kwalokho kulimaza amahlumela amasha. Ngokudonsa izithombo ezingaphezulu, sithola izimpande zezitshalo eziseduze. Ungenza ukuhlwanyela okulula kwamaqathe ngesihlabathi ngendlela ezosiza ekugwemeni imibhede enzima. Senza esigabeni somswakama ukujula okudingekayo. Bese-1-2 wezipuni wezinto zokutshala zixubane kahle nengxenye ibhakede lomfula wesihlabathi bese kuhluma. Sakaza ukwakhiwa okuvela emithonjeni, uphuze futhi uhlanganiswe nomhlabathi.

Yini yokutshala izaqathe zokuhlwanyela?

I-organic organic ingalimaza izaqathe, yenza izitshalo zempande zibi, zibangela i-branching futhi iheha izinambuzane. Ngokutshala, kungcono ukwenza i-peat ne-compost ephucuziwe. Ezindaweni eziluhlaza, kudingeka ukuba wengeze umgodi noma umlotha. Inani lomanyolo ngenkathi kuhlwanyelwa izaqathe entwasahlobo kuncike ekubunjweni komhlaba embhedeni:

1. Umhlabathi we-Peat - 10 m ² uveza 12-16 kg we-humus, amathisipuni angama-10 we- carbamide , 10 tbsp. izinkezo zamanyolo we-potassium ne-superphosphate.
2. Inhlabathi yomswakama, inhlabathi, inhlabathi enhlabathini - 10 m ² inikeza amabhakede ayishumi ama-humus, 20 tbsp. nezinkezo ze- nitrophoski no-10 tbsp. izinkezo ze-superphosphate.
3. Ku-chernozems - ngesilinganiso semibhede engu-10 m ² singanikezwa ku-20 st. izinkezo ze- superphosphate .