I-pneumocystis pneumonia yindlela yokuvuvukala ehambayo emaphashini abangwa yi-fungus-like fungi Pneumocystis jirovecii (i-pneumocysts). Ukutheleleka kungenziwa ngamaconsi amancane. Lezi zinambuzane zitholakala emaphashini abantu abaningi abanempilo, kodwa kubangele ukukhubazeka kuphela ezimweni ze-immunodeficient.
Ukwehlisa amandla okuzivikela kungenziwa ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo:
- ukudla okunomsoco;
- ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic;
- inkambo ye-chemotherapy;
- izifo zegazi;
- ukukhulelwa;
- ukwamukela izidakamizwa zokuzivikela (isibonelo, ngokufakelwa kwesitho), njll.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile lesi sifo sitholakala kubantu abane-immune system, obangelwa ukutheleleka nge-HIV (i-AIDS). I-pneumocystis pneumonia ibhaliswe ku-70% yabantu abane-HIV.
I-pneumocystis pneumonia ikhula kanjani?
Ama-infectious agents angena emzimbeni womuntu ngephutha lokuphefumula. Ukufinyelela ukukhanya kwe-bronchi encane ne-alveoli, baqala ukwandisa ngenkuthalo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-mucus iqala ukuqoqa emphefumulweni wokuphefumula, okuvimbela kakhulu ukuthuthuka komoya.
Ama-metabolites akhiqizwa ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa ama-pneumocysts angena egazini futhi aqhubekisele phambili ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies ethize. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala kwezindonga ze-alveoli emaphashini, okubangela nokuhluleka kokuphefumula. Ukuqhubeka kwenqubo kuholela ekutheni i-pulmonary fibrosis, i-lung emphysema , i-pneumothorax evaliwe nayo ingakhula. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ama-pneumocyst ahlasela ezinye izitho (isibindi, izinso, isipha).
Izimpawu ze-Pneumocystis pneumonia
Ukuqala kwesifo ngokuvamile kuvamile, futhi kubonakala ngokubonakaliswa okulandelayo:
- ukwanda kancane ekushiseni komzimba;
- ikhanda;
- dyspnoea omnene ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni;
- ukukhwehlela (okuvame ukomile, ukuphuza, okuncane kakhulu - ngokukhululwa kwe-foamy sputum).
Ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma amabili, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zivele:
- umkhuhlane;
- i-dyspnea ekuphumuleni;
- ukukhwehlela okukhulu;
- i-cyanosis yenxantathu ye-nasolabial;
- i-acrocyanosis;
- ukuhoxiswa kwezikhala ze-intercostal.
Kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, lesi sifo siphuthuma kancane, sichaza izimpawu zamapulmoni zingabonakala ngemva kwamasonto amane kuya kwangu-12. Kulezi ziguli, i-pneumonia i-pneumocystic ivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izifo, ngakho kubonakala sengathi ukudakwa kunesimo sokuqala esithombeni esithombeni.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-PCP
Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe kwi-rayography noma i-tomography ehlanganisiwe. Ukubona i-agent causative yokutheleleka kungenzeka ngokuhlolwa kwe-histological ye-bronchoalveolar yokulahla ama-biopsies amanzi abizayo kanye ne-transbronchial, okwenziwa ngendlela ye-fibrobronchoscopy.
Ukwelashwa kwe-PCP
Iziguli ezinesithombe esitholakala esibhedlela sezifakwe esibhedlela, ukwelashwa kwe-PCP ne-HIV kuqhutshwa nasezilungiselelweni zokugula. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethiwe,
- izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala;
- umxhasi , ama-mucolytics;
- ama-immunomodulators, njll.
Imithi esemqoka ethinta i-pneumocyst yi-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ne-pentamidine isothionate. Iziguli ze-AIDS zivame ukubizwa nge-alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Ukwehla kwe-oksijini kunconywa oksijini.