I-emphysema yamaphaphu ibizwa ngokuthi i-pathology, ihambisane nomoya ophuzayo emaphashini. Kulokhu, ukuphefumula okuvamile nokugesi kuyaphazanyiswa. Lesi sifo singapheli futhi sibonakala inkambo eqhubekayo. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanesifo esilinganiselwe futhi asebekhulile bahlushwa yi-emphysema.
Izimbangela ze-emphysema
Izinto ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-emphysema zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili.
Owokuqala uhlanganisa izizathu ngenxa yokuthi ukuqina nokuqina kwamakhi emaphaphu kuphazanyiswa, futhi yonke iminyango yokuphefumula yamaphaphu isakhiwe kabusha:
- ukuthungwa kwentuthu kagwayi;
- ukuvuthwa kwemoya okwenziwe ngomoya ngothuli lwezinhlayiya noma amakhemikhali;
- ukulahlekelwa kokuzalwa kwesibalo se-alpha-1-antitrypsin;
- ukuphazanyiswa kwe-microcirculation emaphashini.
Iqembu lesibili lihlanganisa izici ezandisa ingcindezi engxenyeni yokuphefumula yamaphaphu, kuyilapho ama-bronchioles okuphefumula, izifundo ze-alveolar ne-alveoli zanda ngaphezulu. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kubangelwe ukuvimbela (ukuvimbela) kwendlela yokuphefumula, okuyinkinga ye-bronchitis.
Izinhlobo ze-emphysema
Iqembu lokuqala lezinto ezibangela ukuba i-emphysema eyinhloko yamaphaphu. Kulesi simo wonke amaphaphu aphethwe, futhi leli fomu libizwa ngokuthi lihlukaniswe.
Uma izinguquko ze-pathological emaphashini zihlotshaniswa nesifo sofuba noma i-bronchitis, khona-ke khuluma nge-emphysema yesibili, okuvame ukubonakaliswa kwifomu le- bullous . Kulesi simo, amaphaphu athinteka kancane futhi ngaphakathi kwawo kwakhiwa izindawo ezinama-bullae ezivuvukala ezigcwele umoya.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-emphysema?
Ngenxa yokwephuka kwamathambo wamaphaphu, umthamo womoya ophefumulayo uba mncane. Ngakho-ke emaphashini kune-excess air, okuyinto lo muntu angakwazi ukuphuma. Ngakho-ke, uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-emphysema ukuphefumula okukhulu. Ezigulini ezinesimo sokufa kwesifo se-emphysema, i-dyspnea iqala ukukhula esemncane.
Umoya ohlala emaphashini awubambi iqhaza kule nqubo, ngakho-ke, oksijeni encane ingena egazini, futhi inani le-carbon dioxide elikhishwe liyancishiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezicubu ezixhumene emaphashini liqala ukwanda, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zitho ziba zikhudlwana ngevolumu, futhi ngaphakathi kwazo ziqoqa amasaka omoya ahamba nezicubu ezivamile.
Izimpawu ze-emphysema
Qaphela ukuphazamiseka kwe-emphysema ngu:
- i-dyspnea ebizwa ngokuthi i-dyspnea, okuba nzima ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba;
- "ukukhukhuma" okuqondile - isiguli senza ngokushesha, "sithatha umoya" futhi siphume kancane kancane, sigwema izihlathi zakhe futhi sivale izindebe zakhe;
- i-cyanosis - uma uhlobo lwe-emphysema lugqatshwa, isiguli sine-blue-lipped ngolimi, izipikili, nezindebe;
- ukunyakaza okubuthakathaka kwesifuba, okuyinto kulokhu kunomumo obunjengobhavu, isakhiwo sokuvuvukala;
- izindawo ezandisiwe ze-superraclavicular kanye nezikhala ze-intercostal.
Iziguli ezine-emphysema ziphoqeleka ukuba zilale ezibelethweni zazo ngehlombe layo lihlehlisiwe phansi, nakuba ngezigaba kamuva lesi simo sibangela ukungakhululeki, ngoba iziguli kufanele zilale zihlezi. Ngesikhathi iziguli zivusa ukuthanda ukuhlala kancane kancane kakhulu - ngakho kulula ukuba zikhishwe emoyeni.
Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-emphysema
Ekucwaningweni kwe-emphysema:
- ukuqhuma kanye nokuxubana kwesikhumba (thinta bese uthepha);
- I-ray ray yamaphaphu (isibonakaliso se-radiological of emphysema - ukungena kwe-diaphragm nokuvuvukala kwamathishu emaphaphu);
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe yamaphaphu
indawo yangakini yezinkunzi; - ukubuka ukuphefumula kwangaphandle (udokotela ulinganisa inani lemvelo isiguli singakwazi ukuphuma).
I-Emphysema isongela izinkinga ezinjenge-cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency kanye ne-pneumothorax (ukungena esifubeni somoya kusuka ekuhlukunyezweni okukhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaphu asebenza ngokungalungile abe esengozini ikakhulukazi ekutheleleni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ekusola kokuqala kwe-pulmonary emphysema - uzohlola izimpawu futhi anikeze ukwelashwa, okuyiwona wonke wehla ekwenzeni imikhuba emibi nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi izinkunzi zisuswa ngokuhlinzwa.