Ingxenye ebumbene yobukhulu obuncane futhi enesisindo esingama-amagremu angu-13, i-adrenal gland, ibhekisela ezingxenyeni zokuvimba kwangaphakathi. Izigulane zitholakala, ngokulandelana, ezintsheni ezilungile nezesobunxele. Laba "basizi" abangenakuqhathaniswa badlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwesimiso sezinzwa kanye nempilo yenyama yonke.
Izindawo ze-cortex ene-adrenal nama-hormone abo
Ngokwemvelo, lesi sitho sinamalungu amabili (i-cerebral and cortical substance), elawulwa yi-system central neyesisindo. I-hormones ye-cortex eyingozi kanye nomphumela wayo ekuvumelaneni kwezinto eziphilayo nezimo ezicindezelayo, ukulawulwa kwezici zayo zobulili akunakunqunywa. Ukuntula noma ukugqitheka kwemfihlo eyimfihlo kubangela usongo empilweni nasekuphileni komuntu. I-cortex ye-adrenal ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezintathu:
- umshini;
- ibhola;
- glomerular.
Amakhomitha we-cortex enama-cortex adrenal
Leli sayithi lalinalo igama ngenxa yokubukeka kwalo ngesimo somswakama ovuthayo owenziwe ngama-filaments wezicubu ze-epithelial. I-hormone esemqoka ye-reticulum ye-adrenal gland i-androstenedione, ehlobene no-testosterone ne-estrogen. Ngokwemvelo yayo, ibuthakathaka kakhulu kune-testosterone futhi iyimfihlo esemqoka emzimbeni wesifazane. Kusukela ezingeni layo kuncike ekubunjweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezici zobunikazi zesibili. Ukunciphisa noma ukwandisa inani le-androstenedione emzimbeni wesifazane kuholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo eziningi ze-endocrine:
- ukungasebenzi komzimba;
- ukusetshenziselwa ukubonakaliswa kwezici zesintu (ukuphuka okukhulu, ukwehla kwezwi);
- izinkinga zokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa.
Ngokufana nomphumela wayo we-dehydroepiandrosterone, oveza ikhava elingaphansi, uthatha ingxenye esebenzayo ekukhiqizeni amaprotheni. Ngesizo salo, abagijimi bayanda amandla omzimba.
Amakhomitha wendawo eboshiwe ye-cortex e-adrenal
Amahomori we-cortex adrenal yemvelo ye-steroid ayakhiwa yi-zone yegoli yalesi sitho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-cortisone ne- cortisol . Lezi glucocorticoids zithatha ingxenye esebenzayo ezinkambisweni eziningi zemithi:
- sebenzisa ukubunjwa kwe-glucose;
- bahlanganyele ekuqhekezeni amafutha, amaprotheni;
- ukunciphisa ukuphendula okuvuthayo nokuvuza;
- bonisa umphumela wokubangela ovelayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa;
- ukwandisa i-acid esiswini;
- ukugcina izicubu ezinamanzi;
- ukuvimbela ukuzivikela ngokudinga umzimba (ukukhulelwa);
- lawula ukucindezelwa kwegazi;
- ukwandisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka nezimo zokuphazamiseka.
Amahomori endzawo ye-glomerular ye-cortex ye-adrenal - imisebenzi yabo
I-cortex ye-adrenal ikhiqiza ama-hormone alawula ukulinganisa kwamanzi-electrolyte. Ziyaziwa ngokuthi i-mineralocorticoids futhi zenziwe ngezakhi endaweni yesimanje. Umkhiqizo oyinhloko waleli qembu i-aldosterone, umsebenzi ozokwenza ukwandisa ukungena kwe-liquide kanye ne-sodium emithanjeni bese kunciphisa izinga le-potassium ezinso, okulinganisa isilinganiso samaminerali amabili asebenzayo. Izinga eliphezulu le-aldosterone lenye yezinkomba zokuthuthukisa ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwegazi.
Amahomori we-correx adrenal - ukuhlolwa
Ukuhlonza ezinye izifo noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-endocrine, isimiso se-genitourinary nesifo, odokotela banikeza izivivinyo ze-biolevel egazini lama-hormone we-correx adrenal. Ukuhlola i-laboratory kusiza ukubona izimbangela zokuphulwa komsebenzi ohlelweni lwezitho zamacala alandelayo:
- ukulinganisa ngokomzwelo;
- isimo sokucindezeleka;
- ukuziphatha kokulandela ukucindezeleka;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala nokubuthakathaka okuhlala njalo;
- Izinguquko ezingeni le-glucose;
- ukugcwala okubuhlungu;
- izimpawu zokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- i-oncology.
Ukwehliswa kwe-hormone ekwenzeni i-cortex eyinhloko ngokuvamile kuyinkinga ye-etiology ehlukene nezifo zesikhumba. Ngokuthambekela komzimba wesifazane ekuqedeni ukukhulelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isifundo senziwa ezingeni lika dehydroepiandrosterone. Ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa inani le-cortisol ne-aldosterone kuyinkomba ye-pathologies engathà sina. Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kungenziwa kuphela yi-endocrinologist onolwazi. Ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukubonisana nomjozi wezifo zamasosha.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokucwaninga:
- Ucingo lwegazi elibizayo esigulini lusetshenziswa ekuseni.
- Akuvunyelwe ukudla nokuphuza ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo.
Umthethonqubo wokuvimbela ama-hormone we-cortex e-adrenal
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenani elithile le-steroids lilawulwa yi-pituitary gland kanye ne-hypothalamus. I-hormone ye-Adrenocorticotropic isebenza ekwakheni amahomoni nge-cortex e-adrenal. Izinga elikhuphukile le-glucocorticoids lenza kube lula ekukhiqizeni i-ACTH yi-hypothalamus. Ezokwelapha, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "impendulo." Ama-hormone e-sex of cortex adrenal (androgens) ahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwethonya le-ACTH ne-LH (i-hormone ye-luteinizing). Ukunciphisa ukuvikeleka kuholela ekubambezeleni ekuthuthukiseni ucansi. Ibhalansi ye-hormonal yezinto eziphilayo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke emsebenzini odidiyelwe kahle:
- i-pituitary gland;
- i-hypothalamus;
- i-cortex ye-endocrine isitho.
Amalungiselelo amahomoni we-cortex e-adrenal
Ezinye izifo zesimiso noma izinqubo ezivuthayo ezinzima angeke zelashwe ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-hormone. Ukwelashwa ngokwemithi kunomsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ekwelapheni izifo zesifo se-rheumatic, umsuka wokugula kanye nesifo esithathelwanayo. I-hormone ye-synthetic ye-cortex ye-adrenal iyimodeli yemvelo yemvelo futhi inqunywe eziningana zamacala njengendlela yokwelashwa endaweni noma njengesidakamizwa esinamandla sokuvuvukala.
Okudume kunazo zonke emisebenzini yezokwelapha yimithi elandelayo:
- I-Prednisolone ;
- I-Hydrocortisone;
- Dexamethasone;
- I-Cortisone;
- I-Methylprednisolone;
- I-Deoxy cortex.
Imbonini yezokwelapha ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zalezi zidakamizwa ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo nokujwayelekile. Ukwelapha isikhathi eside ngezidakamizwa ze-hormone kuyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi kuphela ezimweni ezidingekayo ngokweqile ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona "ukuhoxiswa kwesifo" futhi kubika imiphumela emibi. Ukwamukelwa kwezidakamizwa ezinjalo kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kochwepheshe bezintambo ezincane.