Izimpande ze-Orange zisetshenziselwa ukupheka kokubili efomini eluhlaza, nokwenza ama-juice nezitsha ezahlukene. Icebile ngamavithamini, i-carotene futhi iyasiza kakhulu emzimbeni. Ukuhlakulela izaqathe kuyindlela elula, kodwa kunezimiso nemithetho evumela ukuthi uqoqe isivuno esihle.
Ukuqasha izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile
Le isithombo isitshalo esineminyaka emibili ubudala, impande yenziwa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Lapho utshalwa izaqathe, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukulima nokukwazi ukulimala okusemandleni endaweni evulekile kusho okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlwanyela izitshalo zezimpande kuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli;
- umbhede kufanele utholakale epulatifomu elikhanyayo, emthunzini izitshalo zempande zizokhula ngokuqinile futhi ngeke zivune isivuno esikhulu;
- ukuze uthole izaqathe ezimnandi, kuhlwanyelwa emhlabathini, hhayi emuncu kakhulu;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile kugcwele iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo zempande zizoba zibi futhi ziba ifolishi;
- imifino ithanda i-substrate evulekile, ngaphandle kwalokho igoqa;
- lapho ukhula izaqathe ungasebenzisi umquba omusha, noma uzothola ifomu elibi;
- uma imifino inganisela isikhathi eside, iyolahlekelwa ubumnandi bayo kanye ne-juiciness;
- uma inhlabathi iswakanyiswe emva kwesikhathi eside esomile, isithelo singakwazi ukunqamuka;
- ngaphandle kokuncipha kukhula buthakathaka izithelo ezincane.
Indlela yokutshala izaqathe ngendlela efanele emhlabathini?
Ukuhlakulela izaqathe kwenziwa emibhedeni lapho u-anyanisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane noma ama-beet akhula ngaphambili. Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile udinga inhlabathi eluhlaza - ngaleyo njongo umhlaba uguguwe futhi ama-rakes ahlaselwa. Ukuze unciphise ama-asidi, umlotha wanezelwa enhlabathini. Ukutshala iziqathe ezweni kuyenziwa ngembewu, ngaphambi kokutshala banjelwe izinsuku ezingu-3-4, bese kumile. Ngemuva kokuthi imibhede yenziwe 2 cm ejulile, okudingeka ubeke khona imbewu. Imbewu incane kakhulu, ukuze ilale phansi ngokulinganayo futhi ingangeni endaweni eyodwa, abalimi beza ngezindlela zokuqala:
- zixubene nesihlabathi - ngakho-ke amagilebhisi awahlanganisi ndawonye futhi afanelekile;
- Inzalo ngayinye igxilwe ephepheni lezindlu zangasese, khona-ke itheyipu imiswe nje embhedeni;
- lungiselela ukwakheka kusuka kumatashi amazambane, lapho imbewu yengezwa khona futhi ithululelwe ngokufanayo emhlabathini;
- imbewu itshalwe u-3-5 cm ngaphandle, phakathi kwemibhede ibona igebe lika-15-20 cm.
Ukunakekela izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukukhiqiza isivuno emhlabathini emva kokutshala kudinga umsebenzi ohlelekile. Indlela yokukhulisa isanqante enkulu engadini:
- Ukunisela imifino kuyadingeka kaningi futhi ngokulinganisela kusihlwa. Ngokuntuleka kwezimpande ezincane kungasifa, futhi ukugqitheka kwalo kuyoholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-juiciness nobumnandi bemifino. Amahlumela kufanele atshalwe kathathu ngesonto. Imitha yendawo yesakhiwo kufanele ibe ibhakede lamanzi. Kusukela phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ukunisela kuyenziwa kanye ngesonto. Khona-ke izimpande ezakhiwe zidiliza phansi, zakha isikhathi eside ngisho nezithelo. Amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna, izaqathi zimiwe;
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 no-20, isitshalo sincane - izithombo eziningi zivame kakhulu. Uma lokhu kungakhanjelwa, amahlumela atshalwa kahle ngeke avumele ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo ezinkulu-imifino izokhula encane;
- Ukuhluma kudingekile ukuze ukhula lungavali amahlumela;
- Ukukhululeka kuyisigaba esibalulekile ekutshaleni izaqathe. I-crust ebusweni bomhlaba iyokwenza kube nzima ukuhluma amahlumela;
- Imbewu ihluma cishe amasonto amathathu.
Ukudla okunamaqanda emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngokuba ukutshala izaqathe kukhona ukugqoka okungenakulungiswa (izikhathi ezimbili ngesizini), ngoba lezi zinhlanganisela zamaminerali ziyasetshenziswa. Isicelo sokuqala senziwa amasonto 3-4 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, okwesibili - ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka ibhakede lamanzi:
- isipuni se- nitrofosque ;
- izibuko ezimbili zokhuni;
- ukuxuba ama-20 g we-potassium nitrate, 15 g we-double superphosphate ne-urea.
Indlela yokukhulisa izaqathe esitheni sokushisa?
Ukuhlakulela izaqathe kungokoqobo nakwezinye izimo ze-hothouse. Izinzuzo zale ndlela ukuthi imifino izovela ngaphambi kwensimu. Kulokhu, kunezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ezikhethiwe - uMokush, u-Eli Nantes, u-Amsterdam Forsing 3, uMokum. Kukuphi ukukhula izaqathe ezimweni ezinjalo:
- ezakhiweni ezenziwe nge-polycarbonate;
- ema-hothosi ehlanganiswe ne-foil.
Into eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukukhanya okuningi ku-greenhouse kanye ne-ventilation. Uma ingadi yasebusika ishushu, khona-ke ukutshala kwesitshalo kungenziwa unyaka wonke. Ama-karoti akhula kabi endaweni eqinile, inhlabathi yokulima kufanele ibe yinto evulekile. Imbewu yenziwa, uhlelo lokutshala imbewu: 2 cm - ukujula; 20-25 cm ububanzi. Imithetho yokunakekela izaqathe zakudala ihambisana nemifino ekhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ihlanganisa ukuchelela, ukusika, ukusika nokudla. Ngenxa yokushisa, isivuno singatholakala ngaphandle kokulinda ekwindla. Uma utshala umbhede ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, khona-ke imifino ivunwa ngoMeyi.
Indlela yokukhulisa izaqathe ekhaya?
Imifino ekhulile efasiteleni ingatholakala kuwo wonke unyaka. Ukuzaliswa kwezilwane, izinhlobo ezincane zama-izaqathe zifanelekile, isibonelo, ekuqaleni kuka-Amsterdam. Inikeza izithelo ezincane nezithandekayo. Indlela yokukhulisa izaqathe efulethini:
- thola inhlabathi evundiwe;
- thatha phezulu (kuze kufike ku-20 cm) iziqukathi zokungena (okulula kulokhu okuphathelene namabhodlela epulasitiki anqunywe phezulu), kumele abe nezimbobo ezansi;
- i-izaqathi ezikhulayo ekhaya zeluleka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka - imbewu ifakwa esitsheni esisodwa sezingcezu ezintathu (bese isala ukuba ikhule, sishiye ihlumela eliqine kakhulu);
- izimbiza akufanele zihlale ngaphansi kwelanga eliqondile;
- wanisela ngamanzi amile;
- ngemuva kwamasonto amabili ehluma ngaphandle-phakathi kwezansi kufanele kube ngu-2 cm;
- Ukondla izaqathe zasekhaya kungenzeka umanyolo we-nitrogen, kodwa kancane - ngokuhlukile uzoholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwamaqabunga;
- Ukuvuna kungenziwa ezinsukwini ezingu-70 futhi ngokushesha utshale ibhande elilandelayo;
- ezweni elilodwa kunconywa ukuhlwanyela imifino kungaphezu kwesithathu.
Izimfihlo zokuqathe izaqathe
Thola ukuvunwa kwezimpande ezinhle futhi ezibushelelezi kuzokwazi ukuthi labo abawazi imfihlo yokuthi bangakhula izaqathe ezinkulu kanjani:
- Thenga imbewu enemibala engcono - kakade iphathwe nge-fungicide;
- izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu: Nantes, Losinoostrovskaya 13, Samson, Vitamin 6;
- Ukutshala inhlabathi efanelekile, ukuwa kufanele kudonswe, kanti entwasahlobo ukwenza humus kanye umquba ;
- ikakhulukazi isanqante ikhula kahle emva anyanisi;
- Imbewu kumele ifakwe ngaphambi kokutshala, bese isomisiwe;
- Ngentwasahlobo ukutshala kuqhutshwa ukushisa, emva kokuchichiza izinyoni zezinyoni;
- Ukutshala kwezinhlamvu ebusika kukuvumela ukuba uvunwe ngoJulayi;
- imithetho eyinhloko yokunakekelwa - ukukhula ukhula, ususe ukhula, uqaphele umswakama womhlaba futhi uvimbele ukubonakala kwe-crust on the surface.
Ukuhlakulela izaqathe ngendlela ye-Kizima
Umthandi wesivuno uGalina Kizima unikeza indlela yakhe yokuhlwanyela, evikela imifino ezinambuzane nezifo. Izici zokulima izaqathe ngendlela yayo:
- umbhede usubisiwe futhi uphuziswa nge "Phytosporin" ngobusuku obandulele;
- ekuseni yenza izimpungushe ezikude ka-5 cm;
- Imbewu yama-marigold isetshenziselwa ukujikeleza (ihlaziya izinambuzane), bese isuka enqenqemeni ngayinye - imigoqo emithathu ye izaqathe, futhi phakathi nendawo - unyaka owodwa onion;
- imbewu ayinjalo futhi izithombo kamuva azitholakali;
- ukuze ungagcini futhi ungafaki izaqathe, thatha isipuni 1 sembewu, ingxenyana ye-AVA ye-powder (noma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali, ngaphandle kwe-potassium chloride) nesihlabathi esihle;
- konke kuhlanganisiwe futhi kuhlwanyelwe, njengokungathi isobho sinamanzi;
- Inhlabathi iyabhalwa futhi icindezelwe ngezandla zezandla;
- Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amane emahlumela, ukuchelela ukuma.
Indlela yaseChina yokuqathe izaqathe
Wonke umuntu usetshenziswe ukuthi insimu ngaphambi kokutshala ihlanjululwa kahle ngama-rakes, futhi kungenzeka ukutshala imifino ezindaweni eziphakeme. Kulokhu, izitshalo ezimpande zithola ukukhanya kahle, okukhuthaza ukukhula okuhle kanye nokutholakala kokuzivikela ezifweni, emva kokukhula kwe-rooting kulula ukuyihlanza. Imithetho yokutshala izaqathe ngesiShayina:
- Imigwaqo ehambisanayo yenziwa nge-hoe, ukuphakama - kufika ku-20 cm, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa - 60 cm;
- engxenyeni engezansi ye-crest isetshenziswa umanyolo: 1 imitha yendawo yenhlabathi idinga ibhakede lesigamu lama-humus, 15 g we-nitrophosphoric acid, 30 g we- superphosphate ;
- imbewu itshalwe emigqeni emibili ezinhlangothini eziphambene zesikhumba esisodwa, zijule ngo-2 cm;
- inyanga yokuqala ukuphuza;
- isitshalo sincane, izinambuzane zisusiwe;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutshwa ngokulandela uhlelo olujwayelekile;
Indlela yaseDutch yokuqathe izaqathe
Ubuchwepheshe bufana ne-Chinese, umehluko usekuphakameni nobubanzi be-crests. Indlela yaseDutch yokuqathe izaqathe:
- ukuthola isivuno esihle, izinhlobo zeNantes, iBerlikum, iFlakke zisetshenzisiwe;
- lezi zigwaqo zigajwa kude no-75 cm komunye nomunye, ububanzi bombhede buyi-20 cm, ukuphakama kungafinyelela engxenyeni yemitha;
- Ukulungiselela inhlabathi kuhlanganisa ukulima ekwindla kanye nentwasahlobo ikhululeka;
- emagqumeni, imbewu eyodwa yomugqa wezinhlamvu ezine-6 cm, ezimbili noma ezintathu, ukujula - 2 cm;
- ukuqhubeka - ukuchelela, ukufaka umanyolo, ukucwilisa okulodwa.
Unganisela kanjani izaqathe?
Ukunisela okungalungile kwemibhede nemifino kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi isitshalo sesitshalo sikhula, sinoboya noma siphukile. Le yemifino ayibekezeleli ukoma noma umswakama owedlulele. Ukungabi namanzi kungesizathu sokuthi isivuno siba nzima futhi silahlekelwa ubumnandi bayo, futhi ukugcwala ngokweqile kubangela ukukhula ngokweqile kweziqongweni. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kahle kanjani izaqathe, ukuze izimpande zikhule zibushelelezi futhi zimile. Umbuso wokugcoba uhlukile emazingeni ahlukene okukhula kwezithombo.
Unganisela kanjani isanqante ngemuva kokutshala?
Masinyane emva kokuhlwanyela nangaphambi kokusuka kokuqala, umswakama wenhlabathi udinga ukuphakama. Ukuphuza umbhede kuyadingeka kusuka ekutheni kungaba ngokusebenzisa strainer ukuthi hhayi ukugeza imbewu. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi udla amanzi kanqathe kaningi kangakanani, abalimi abanolwazi banikeza izincomo ezinjalo:
- hlela imifino ekuqaleni kokukhula kabili ngeviki ukuze inhlabathi ifakwe kahle;
- ngoJuni-Julayi, emva kokubhaliswa kwezilimo zezitshalo, ukuchelela kuncishiswe kanye kanye ngesonto, inani lamanzi liyanda. Khona-ke izimpande zikhula ngokulinganayo phansi ngokufuna umswakama;
- engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti, emva kokutshala izitshalo zezimpande, ukuchelela kunqanyuliwe (okumanzi phakathi nesomiso). Uma imifino iphelile, bese imvula, ingaqhaqha - lokhu kufanele kubukwe.
Indlela yokukhulisa izaqathe ngaphandle kokuchelela?
Ngokuvamile, i-hydration yezitshalo kunzima futhi ihambisana nobunzima obuningi - ngokwezimali, ngokomzimba, enhlanganweni. Ukulima kweqathekithi ngaphandle kokuchelela:
- inhlabathi igujwa ekwindla, entwasahlobo - iyalinywa;
- Ukwandisa ikhono lomhlaba ukugcina umswakama, kuhlotshiswe nge-peat, umquba, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamaminerali;
- Ukutshala kwembewu kungcono kakhulu ngokubambelela emgqeni wephepha langasese, elimanzi lifakwe emhlabathini, lifafazwe ngezandla zomhlaba;
- khona-ke umbhede ugcwele i-polyethylene emnyama;
- ezinsukwini ezingu-15-17 i-cellophane isusiwe;
- ngokuqhubekayo, umswakama womhlabathi unikezwa ngokugcina uhlaka lwaso olungenhla lubekwe esimweni esingavamile (akukho sikhumba);
- inhlabathi iboshwe nge- mulch - sawdust, utshani obomile, utshani, izinaliti;
- lizothuthukisa umbuso wayo wamanzi, izimpande izitshalo ziyokhula ekufuneni umswakama futhi zikhule ziqinile ngisho.
Izifo izaqathe ngesikhathi sokulima
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani izaqathe futhi uvikele izifo zakhe:
- enye yezinambuzane eziyinhloko zemifino yizindiza. Ukulwa nalo, kuhle ukutshala lesi sitshalo eceleni kwe-anyanisi, ufafaze umhlabathi ngamaprupele ashisayo, utshani, utshani obotshiwe. Lapho kukhona amaqabunga aphikisiwe, kubalulekile ukucubungula iziqongo ze-Aktellikom;
- ingozi yokubukeka kwefungi (izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubola) kunciphisa ukuchithwa kwemibhede kanye ngenyanga ngesisombululo senhlanganisela yaseBordeaux ;
- kusuka ezimpilweni eziningi kanye nezifo izaqathe zizogcinwa ngokukhululeka nokunciphisa, okwenziwe ngesikhathi.