Ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yangaphambili yemfundo ephakeme eminyaka emihlanu kusengakhohlisa abaningi. Thola impendulo yombuzo - ama-bachelor's and degree degrees - ukuthi yikuphi, kufanele wonke umfundi wesikhathi esizayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyena yini ukuqeqeshwa kuqala noma cha.
Iyini i-master degree kanye ne-bachelor degree?
Amagama amabili kulawa magama abumbene ukuthi baqonde ukuqonda izinga elithile lezemfundo kahulumeni. Isinyathelo sokuqala esikhwameni esisha senziwa ngo-1997, lapho izichibiyelo zamukelwe kwi-Bologna Convention, ezethula uhlelo lwezemfundo ezimbili. Bavela eU.SA, lapho bephethe amagama e-undergraduate education kanye nemfundo yeziqu. Esikhathini seMelika ungatshela mayelana nezinzuzo zemfundo enjalo:
- Inikeza ilungelo lokushintsha okukhethekile uma lowo owedlule uye wakhathazeka.
- Ukuqonda ukuthi ubani onjalo, umqashi ongase abe ngumuntu angase amthande kumuntu onokukhethekile, ngoba kulula ukuqeqesha kusukela ekuqaleni.
- I-Studentism, i-scholarships, indawo yokuhlala ehostele kanye nezinye iziqinisekiso zandiswa iminyaka eminingana.
Ubani iNkosi?
Master isigaba sesibili semfundo ephakeme, kufinyeleleke kunoma ubani owedlule owokuqala. I-degree master academic iyatholakala ngemva kokuqedwa kwenqubo yokutadisha ngokugcwele. Isici esibalulekile sezinga lokuthi akubona kuphela ababhekene neziqu abangafaka isicelo semfundo yamahhala, kodwa futhi abaphothule izifundo abaye baphumelela enyuvesi ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lwe-Bologna luqaliswe. I-Master ngokudalulwa ngokugcwele kwama-nuances alandelayo:
- Umuntu oqedile isigaba sesibili semfundo unelungelo lokuthatha isikhundla esiphambili sefomu lezinkonzo zomphakathi.
- Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzi akudingeki bacabange ukuthi ngaphezulu kukhona i-master's or bachelor degree, abashaya-mthetho bahlukanisa zonke izici ezifanelekayo kulabo okudingwa yizinga elilodwa noma kokubili kuyadingeka ngesikhathi esifanayo.
- Inkambo yezihloko kukhethwe ngendlela yokuthi umfundi ugcwele ngokuphelele imisebenzi yezesayensi nezisebenzayo.
Ubani ongumqashi?
Isiqu se-Bachelor sika sitholakale kubafundi besikole nakubantu abaye bathola imfundo yezemfundo ephakeme . Ngokuphambene nokucwaswa okubanzi, akusizi ngalutho ngaphandle kokungeniswa ngokwengeziwe kumantshi. I-bachelor degree ibhekwa njengemfundo ephakeme: ekugcineni umfundi ubhala umsebenzi wokugcina isitifiketi futhi udlulise iziqu zokuhlolwa. Unezici eziningana okufanele wonke umuntu azi:
- Kuhilela isethi eyisisekelo yezifundo ezikhethekile ezizohlukaniswa zibe magistrasi emagatsheni (isibonelo, umthetho wezomthetho uvumela ukuqondiswa komphakathi, ubugebengu kanye nomthethosisekelo).
- Idigithi inikeza ithuba esikhathini esizayo ukubhala nokuvikela isayensi yesayensi.
- Ukuzihlonipha ngaphansi kwesimiso se-Bologna akuxhomeki egameni elikhulu lesikhungo lapho umfundi efunda khona: lilingana nediploma eliqinisekisiwe ngezinga.
Izifundo ze-Bachelor's and Master - izinzuzo nezindleko
Noma yiliphi izinga linamabomu nezinzuzo zalo siqu. Ukuhlukunyezwa okuphela kwezinga le-bachelor's kunezinye izindinganiso zokuqasha. Bangakwazi ukuzula izikali lapho bephendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi yini engcono kumkhakha we-bachelor's or master, ngokuphambene nalokho. Imali ixhomeke ngokuphelele kwidiploma, ngakho-ke i-bachelor degree ngaphandle kwe-master degree ngezinye izikhathi ivala ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi kumsebenzi ohlakaniphile futhi onolwazi olunamakhono amaningi. Ngokukhethekile okungadingi ukufezwa kwezindawo eziphakeme zesigaba sesibili semfundo, labo abafuna ukuzidela ekucwaningeni nasekufundiseni baye kumantji.
I-Master's and Bachelor's Degree - ihluke kanjani?
Amazinga amabili emfundo, ngisho nalapho ethatha amalungelo alinganayo uma efaka isicelo somsebenzi, awafani neze. Umehluko phakathi kwe-undergraduate kanye ne-master degree yilokhu:
- Umfakisicelo angafaka isicelo se-bachelor degree nge sitifiketi semfundo egcwele, kanti i-master degree izokwenziwa kuphela emva kokudlula i-bachelor degree.
- Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokutadisha esikoleni se-bachelor's degree eminyakeni engama-4, kanti i-master degree ithatha iminyaka emibili.
- Ukwazi impendulo yombuzo, i-bachelor's and degree degrees - ukuthi yikuphi, kulula ukuqagela ukuthi esigabeni sokuqala ungathola eyodwa eyodwa, futhi okwesibili ungayishintsha kwenye uma uthanda.
- Kuphela umfundi onesitifiketi se-master academic angena esikoleni esiphakeme.
Kungani udinga i-master degree emva kwe-bachelor degree?
Phakathi kwabafundi abanokungabaza, ukungabaza kusakazwa ukuthi uhlelo lweNkosi luyadingeka yini ngemuva kwezinga le-bachelor's degree. Isidingo salokho asihlali ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa kuphela esimweni umfundi alindele ukuthola kumantji:
- ulwazi oluningi olungakwazi ukufakwa ohlelweni oluyisisekelo;
- ukukhula okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe kwinhlangano enomncintiswano omkhulu;
- isisindo emphakathini wesayensi wezwe, izincwadi ezincwadini zamaphrofayli;
- Isiteji sesigatshana endleleni yokuphothula isikole futhi usebenze njengothisha.
Ingabe kufanelekile ukutadisha kumaristri ngemuva kwezinga le-bachelor's degree?
Kungaba ukungathembeki ukusho ukuthi i-master degree ifana nemfundo ephakeme ephelele. Akuwona wonke umsebenzi odinga umuntu oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala ukuba afunde eyunivesithi ngezindleko zakhe nesikhathi sakhe. Wonke umuntu kufanele azikhethele ngokuzikhethela ukuthi angaya kumantji ngemuva kwezinga le-bachelor, athembele kumabhonasi ekutholeni:
- ukuhamba kwamazwe ngamazwe nokwamukela idiploma;
- ukulingana kwenani lekhono lobuchwepheshe bezesayensi yangaphandle;
- okuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza nabothisha bezinye izizwe, ukuqhuba ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yomsebenzi wokhetho.
Indlela yokukhetha i-master degree ngemuva kwezinga le-bachelor?
Ukwenza isinqumo esifanele kunazo zonke sokuqeqesha esikoleni sesibili semfundo ephakeme, udinga ukuchaza ngokucacile imigomo . I-Master degree ngemuva kwe-bachelor's degree kwelinye ikhethelo ivula amathuba okuzuza kabili ekutholeni umsebenzi. Ilungelo lokuqinisekisa i-academic degree linamayunivesithi angcono kakhulu anokuhlangenwe nakho okuveziwe kanye negama elihle. Lapho ukhetha isifundo se-master degree, izici ezifana nalezi:
- ukuxhumana kweziko lemfundo nezikhungo zemfundo zangaphandle nezinkampani;
- isidingo somsebenzi emakethe yomsebenzi;
- ukulungele umqashi ongakwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yokuzinikela kweseshini.
Ingabe i-Master's degree ikhokhelwa ngemuva kwe-bachelor's degree ngumqashi?
Iziqinisekiso kanye nenxephezelo yabasebenzi abahlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa ngemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe kunqunywe emthethweni wezabasebenzi wezwe. Ukuthola impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ngabe umantshi uyakhokhwa emva kokuba i-bachelor degree ikwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokwezinye zezimo:
- I-Master's degree kwezinye izici (njengomthetho, omncane-isayensi) ulinganiswa nokukhethekile. Abaqashi labafundi abasesimeni basesekelwa yi-state ekukhokhweni kwamaholo.
- I-master's degree yaba yisinyathelo somuntu siqu somsebenzi, ngakho-ke iziphathimandla zinelungelo lokumshiya, kodwa ngeke zikhokhe.
- Uma ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe obeke waphumelela esigabeni sokuqala semfundo kuxhomeke ekuphenduleni umbuzo othi "Ingabe i-post-Bachelor degree idingekayo?" Umqashi akakwazi ukumbulala. Le nkampani inesibopho sokukhokha noma yiliphi iholide elihlobene nezifundo zokulungiselela, izinkulumo noma izivivinyo zokudlula.