Ukusebenza okuvamile kweso kuncike ekubunzeni okulungile nokudluliselwa kwemigomo kagesi. I-second cranial nererve ibhekene nalezi zinqubo. Lapho ukuvuvukala kwakhe kungazelelwe futhi kunciphisa kakhulu umbono. Lesi sifo sithinta ngisho nabantu abasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40.
Imisebenzi ye-nertic optic
Lesi sakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sihlukile kwabanye ngesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. I-nertic optic i-medulla emhlophe eseduze nendawo. Ixhunywe ne-nuclei ye-diencephalon futhi ixhunywe ema-hemispheres amakhulu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-optic nervous is a visual view of the reality surrounding. Umnyango wayo wokuqala yi-eye receptors kwi-retina (ama-cones namahlombe). Bakha umfutho kagesi oqukethe ulwazi mayelana nokukhanya nombala walokho umuntu akubonayo, futhi uyithumele ebuchosheni.
Iyini i-neuritis optic?
I-pathology in question kanye nezinqubo zentuthuko yayo isacwaningwa yi-ophthalmologists. I-neuritis ukuvuvukala kwe-nertic optic. Kuye ngokuthi indawo nendawo kangakanani, lesi sifo sihlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu:
- i-retrobulbar neuritis;
- i-papillitis;
- neuroretinitis.
I-Retrobulbar neuritis ye-nertic optic
Leli fomu lesi sifo libhekene nokunqotshwa kwesakhiwo esihleliwe ngaphandle kwe-eyeball. I-neuritis enjalo ye-optical ithinta kuphela isisindo se-fibrous neuro-conducting fibers. Izitsha zegazi kanye ne-retina zihlala zingekho. I-neuritis ye-optic echazwe ngokuvamile ihlasela iso elilodwa kuphela. I-pathology ihamba ngokushesha futhi ingabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Umphumela ovame kakhulu ukulahlekelwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kombono.
Intrabulbar neuritis
Uhlobo oluthiwa lwenqubo yokuvuvukala aluthinti kuphela isisindo sezintambo, kodwa futhi i-disk ye-nertic optic. Lesi sifo siqala endaweni lapho ixhuma khona ku-retina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-papillitis ye-nertic optic ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi edla i-apula. Loluhlobo lwesifo luyaqhubeka ngokushesha futhi luphelela ekulahlekelweni kombono okungenakuguquka.
I-neuroretinitis iso
Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-neuritis ye-nertic optic ibhekwa njengendlela eyingozi kakhulu yokugula. Inqubo yokuvuvukala kanyekanye iyathinta kokubili isitifiketi se-fiber neuroconductive, i-dis ne-retina yonke. I-neuritis ye-optic enhle igcwele imiphumela emibi. Inselele enkulu yokwelapha lolu hlobo lwesifo yinkambo yayo engacacile lapho kuqala ukuqhubeka.
I-neuritis esebenzayo - imbangela
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwempilo ukudilizwa. Lokhu kungukubhujiswa kwe-fat layer (igobolondo) yangaphandle ye-fibre ye-nerve, eqinisekisa ukuqhuba okuhle kwezimfutho. Ngokuvamile, i-retrobulbar neuritis ye-nertic optic iyatholakala ku-multiple sclerosis, ehambisana nokudilizwa. Ucwaningo oluthile lwemitholampilo lubonise ukuthi izifo ezichazwe ziqala ngokulimala kwe-neurons nama-axon. Izizathu zokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana azange zenziwe.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zici ezivuthayo, i-optic neuritis ingenzeka ngezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- izifo ezivamile, ezinzima futhi ezingapheliyo;
- ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye nezibilini zayo;
- ukukhubazeka kokukhulelwa;
- ukulimala kwemishini;
- izifo ze-nasopharynx;
- izifo ze-venereal ;
- noma yisiphi ukuvuvukala kwamehlo;
- utshwala, uketshezi lwamakhemikhali (neuritis optic nexitis);
- izifo zomlomo womlomo;
- umkhuhlane noma olunye ukutheleleka okubangelwa ukuphefumula kwesandulela ngculaza;
- i-beriberi;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus ;
- ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergenic;
- i-pathology yegazi kanye nezicubu ezihambisanayo;
- ukulimala kwezinso ezinzima nabanye.
I-neuritis esebenzayo - izimpawu
Umfanekiso wesitholampilo wesifo uxhomeke ekumaweni nasezingeni. Eziguli eziningi ze-ophthalmologist, i-neuritis ye-optic ihamba phambili ngaphandle kwezimpawu, emva kwalokho ukubonakaliswa okuqondile kwe-pathology kuvele kungazelelwe. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko, esenzeka ngamacala angu-90%, ukuwohloka kwezinto ezibukwayo, abanye abantu balahlekelwa ngokuphelele. Kunezinye izici ezihambisana nokuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve - izimpawu:
- ukwephulwa kombono ofanele wombala;
- ubuhlungu endaweni yamehlo, evame ukuvela phakathi nokuhamba kwawo;
- izindawo eziyimpumputhe emkhakheni wokubuka, ikakhulukazi phakathi;
- ukuguquguquka okusheshayo kusihlwa (cishe imizuzu emithathu noma ngaphezulu);
- ukuwohloka kombono ngokunyuka kokushisa komzimba noma imvelo (uphawu lwe-Uthoff);
- ukukhanya kwesithombe (izindawo ezikhazimulayo, ukukhanya nezinye izici) ngaphambi kwamehlo.
I-neuritis esebenzayo - ukuxilongwa
Ukuze kuqashwe ukwelashwa okufanele, kubalulekile ukuvakashela i-ophthalmologist. Udokotela kufanele athole ukuthi iyiphi i-neuritis optic eqhubekayo - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuncike ngokuqinile ngesimo se-pathology. Ucwaningo lwe-laboratory oluxilongwa akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. I-neuritis (noma yiyiphi) ye-nertic optic inqunywa ngokuvumelana nezikhalazo zesiguli kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmologic (ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus, i-fluorescent angiography). Ngokufanayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa nezinye izifo ezifanayo.
I-neuritis esebenzayo - ukwelashwa
Lesi sifo sivame ukuxoshwa, kepha ukwelashwa kuyadingeka. Kubalulekile ukusungula ukuthi yini eyenza i-neuritis ye-optical - izindlela zokwelashwa zithembele ku-pathogen yokuvuvukala. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuzithengisa ziwukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antibacterial and hormonal. Uma kungenakusebenza kwala ma-agent, ama-immunoglobulins nama-plasmapheresis anqunywe.
Ama-antibiotics we-optic neuritis
Uma inqubo yokuvuvukala iqala ngokumelene nesimiso sokutheleleka kwe-microbial, ukusetshenziswa kwezingcindezi kuyadingeka. I-neuritis esebenzayo ihilela ukuphathwa kwama-antibiotics amaningi:
- Ampicillin ;
- I-Ertapenem;
- I-Ticarcicline;
- Levofloxacin;
- Amoxicillin;
- Ciprofloxacin ;
- I-Meropenem;
- Levomycetin;
- I-Moxifloxacin ne-analogues.
Kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisa ama-antimicrobial agents nge-ototoxic isenzo:
- Neomycin;
- Kanamycin;
- Streptomycin;
- I-Gentamicin.
Ama-antibiotics awaqashiwe uma igciwane lenza ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve - ukwelashwa esimweni esinjalo kudinga ukusebenzisa imithi efanelekile:
- I-Famciclovir;
- I-Cycloferon;
- I-Valaciclovir;
- I-Panavir ;
- I-Acyclovir;
- I-Famvir;
- Valvir nabanye.
I-neuritis ebonakalayo: ukwelashwa ne-prednisolone - isilinganiso esanele
Indlela eyisisekelo yokuqeda inqubo yokuvuvukala ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni e-corticosteroid. Lena yindlela esheshayo futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu yokwelapha i-neuritis ye-nertic optic yimuphi umumo. Uhlelo lwamanje lwe-thérapie lufaka injection esisodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa se-De mlethasone (isixazululo esingu-0.4%) ne-Prednisolone yangaphakathi.
Ukulinganisa kokugcina kuboniswe ukulungiselelwa kukhethwe ngabanye, kusukela ku-0.005 g izikhathi 4-6 ngosuku. Inkambo yokwelapha ne-Prednisolone yizinsuku ezingu-5, kodwa inani layo kufanele liye kancane kancane ku-0.001 g emahoreni angu-24. Isikhathi somjovo weDexamethasone yizinqubo ezingu-10-15. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukujova imishanguzo ye-detoxification (i-Reopoliglyukin, i-Gemodez) kanye nama-agent agqugquzela izinqubo ze-microcirculation (i-Nicergoline, i-Trental).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ophthalmologist ingancoma amajova amavithamini:
- i-thiamine;
- i-nicotinic acid;
- pyridoxine noma izixazululo ezihlangene.
I-neuritis ebonakalayo - ukuphazamisa ukwelapha
Indlela yokucubungula yokucubungula ayifuni ukusetshenziswa, kuphela uma izindlela eziyisisekelo zingasebenzi noma i-pathogenesis yomsuka wokuzimela. Ukwelashwa kwepulse ekwelapheni i-optic neuritis ukuphathwa ngokubambisana kwama-hormone e-corticosteroid ephakeme, isibonelo, i-Methylprednisolone. Isiguli sithola u-0.5 kuya ku-1 g wezidakamizwa njalo amahora angu-6 ngezinsuku ezingu-3-5. Ngemuva kokuqedwa okuphelele kwenqubo yokuvuvukala, ukwelashwa kancane kancane kudluliselwa embusweni ojwayelekile.
I-neuritis esebenzayo - ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu
Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene zokwenzeka kwezifo ezichazwe, ukuqhubekela phambili okusheshayo nemiphumela eyingozi, kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukubandakanya ukwelashwa ngokuzimela. Noma yiziphi izindlela zomuntu ezivunyelwe ukusebenzisa kuphela emva kokuvunywa kwe-ophthalmologist futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe njalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayeki ukwelashwa okuzimele. Ezinye izindlela zingasebenza njengendlela yokwelapha engasiza.
Ukucindezela kweso
Izithako :
- Ijusi elisha elifakwe emagqabeni e-aloe - 1 ithisipuni;
- amanzi abilisiwe abilisiwe - amathisipuni ama-5.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Hlanganisa izithako.
- Gcwalisa ama-discs akhiphe ama-cotton wool.
- Basebenzisa amehlo akho imizuzu engu-15.
- Phinda ukuxhaphaza izikhathi ezingu-8 ngosuku.
Umama ukuphathwa kwe-optic neuritis
Izithako :
- amanzi ahlanzekile - 90 ml;
- i-juice e-aloe esanda kufakwa-10 ml;
- Umama - 5 g.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Shake amanzi ngejusi yemifino.
- Dissolve kule mummy uketshezi.
- Ukushayela nge-agent elamuliwe kokubili amehlo ekudonsa oku-1.
- Gcina amajwabu amehlo avaliwe isigamu somzuzu.
- Phinda kabili ngosuku.
Ukuphulukisa isiraphu kusuka ku-neuritis
Izithako :
- ama- cones aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - 100 g;
- izimbali namaqabunga e rue elimnandi - 50-70 g;
- ilamula - ucezu olulodwa;
- ushukela - 1 indebe;
- amanzi - 2 amalitha.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Hlanganisa ama-cones, izimbali namaqabunga.
- Uwathulule ngamanzi abilayo.
- Engeza i-lemon, ugeze futhi uthathe izingxenye ezingu-4 (kanye ne-peel namathambo).
- Engeza ushukela.
- Ingxube eholayo ibilisiwe.
- Nciphisa amandla omlilo bese upheka isiraphu ngemaminithi angu-30.
- Vala umkhiqizo ngesembozo, faka ingxenye yesithathu yehora.
- Gwema umuthi.
- Phuza i-tbsp engu-1. isipuni ngaphambi kokudla, izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku.