Iqembu lezifo ze-endocrine, lapho i- insulin i-hormone insufficiency ibonakala khona, ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela sogu. Ukufa ngenxa yemiphumela yalesi sifo kungabantu abayizigidi ezine emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokungabi nalutho kwe-insulini cishe ngo-6% wabantu bomhlaba wethu.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Lesi sifo ngokusho kwesigaba se-World Health Organization sinezinhlobo ezimbili. Hlukanisa izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela: ukuxhomeka kwe-insulini (uhlobo olu-1) kanye ne-insulin-ozimele (izinhlobo ezimbili). Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlukile ezindabeni zokuqala kwesifo, izimbangela nemigomo yokwelapha. Kuzo zombili izimo, into yokuqala enqunywe ochwepheshe ingukudla okuqinile.
Thayipha i-1 yesifo sikashukela
Uhlobo lokuqala (isifo sikashukela esisekelwe ku-insulin) lubonakala ngezinkinga nge-pancreas, lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-insulini egazini kunciphisa kakhulu ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana omzimba. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo lugcinwa usemncane futhi luhambisana nezinga eliphakeme likashukela egazini. Ngokuphathelene nesimo sezinto eziphilayo, ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo, uma omunye wabazali ane-type 1 yesifo sikashukela, yanda kakhulu.
Isifo sikashukela soluhlobo lwesibili
Uhlobo lwesibili (isifo sikashukela esingaxhomeki insulini) lubonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin hormone, kodwa kulokhu inkinga iwukuthi amangqamuzana awuboni, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-glucose ingenele amaseli. Lokhu akuwona umbono wezingqamuzana ze-insulin okuthiwa "ukumelana ne-insulin."
Kukhona elinye igama lalo hlobo lwesifo - "isifo sikashukela esinomsoco", kodwa lokhu kuphela uma kukhona i-hormone engalungile engakwazi ukuxhumana namaseli, ngoba ama-receptors awo akakwazi "ukuwabona". Iphutha lale akulona iphutha isakhiwo esingalungile se-insulin.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela mellitus
Wonke umuntu uyazi mayelana nomqondo wokubambisana-nomphumela wethonya futhi lesi sifo akuyona into ehlukile. Isifo sikashukela sinomphumela, futhi noma yimuphi umphumela unesizathu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Izinhlobo zonke zesifo sikashukela zinezizathu zayo, okufanele zicatshangelwe ngokuningiliziwe. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela nalabo abasengozini kufanele bazi izimbangela nezinqubo zokuqala kwesifo.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela se-type 1
Izizathu zokwenzeka kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-insulin luhlobo oluningi futhi lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengengozi kakhulu, ngoba akunakwenzeka njalo ukuluxilonga esigabeni sokuqala, ngoba uphawu lwe-symptomatology luyabonakala ngisho nalapho ama-β-cell angu-80% ebhujiswa. Njengoba kunamaphesenti anjalo okubhujiswa, ukutholakala kwamahomoni okuphelele kutholakala ezigulini.
Isifo sikashukela esithathele i-sugar-insulin singaba nezimbangela ezinjalo:
- Ukusabela okuvuthayo ku-insulitis, okwenzeka eziqhingini zama-pancreas.
- Isibikezelo se-Hereditary.
- Ukubhujiswa kwama-β-amangqamuzana, okungaba nomphumela wokuzimela noma wokuba nomthelela omubi wezinto zangaphandle. Ngokuvamile lezi zifo ezithathelwana ngegciwane: izimpungushe, umkhuhlane wezinkukhu, igciwane le-coxsackie, i-cytomegalovirus, isishubhu, i-rubella.
- Ukucindezeleka okudlulisiwe kungaba ama-provocateurs anamandla okuhlukumeza nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingapheli nokuqinisa isenzo samagciwane.
Izimbangela Zesibili Soshukela
Izizathu zokuthi isifo sikashukela sehlobo lwesibili siphakamiswa nazo ziningi, futhi ukuba siqondile, yizici eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi.
- Heredity. Uma omunye wabazali ene-SD II, kungenzeka ukuthi ingane izogula futhi ifinyelele ngamaphesenti angu-40.
- Ubuhlanga. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-Asiya, ama-Afrika aseMelika, amaLatinos namaMelika aseMelika asengozini ngenxa yokuthi angakwazi ukuzwa lesi sifo.
- Isisindo somzimba esingeziwe. Ukudla ngokweqile, ukudla ukudla okuhlanzekile (amaswidi, ama-pastries, ushokoledi, njll.), Ubusuku bokudla okulula, isamba esinganele semifino yemifino (imifino nezithelo) kwimenyu kukwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela.
- I-hypertension. Ingozi yokugula igxila kulabo ababhekene nokucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu.
- Hypodinamy. Ukuntuleka komsebenzi wemoto kuvame ukubangela isisindo esiningi nokuwohloka kwesimetabolism, okungabangela isifo sikashukela.
Isifo sikashukela - izimpawu
Izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo sikashukela zingase zifanane nohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kungenziwa ngesimo esifushane futhi emva nje kwesikhashana umuntu elalela izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo sikashukela: ukuvuthwa okuvamile, ukukhathala okungapheli, umlomo owomile, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wocansi, njll. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi lezi zizwe zingabonisa ukuthi umuntu une-diabetes mellitus. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela izimpawu kanye nezibonakaliso zesifo sikashukela kuye ngokuthi uhlobo luni.
Thayipha i-symptomatology:
- ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngesifiso esihle;
- ukulala nokukhathala okungapheli;
- ukoma;
- ukuvuthwa okuvame njalo.
Uhlobo lwe-Symptomatic II lubandakanya lezi zimpawu ezingenhla futhi lisekelwa:
- ubuthakathaka nokucasula;
- ukucindezela okukhulu;
- ukungafihli komkhawulo noma ukugoqa endaweni yeminwe;
- isicanucanu, ngokuvamile sihambisana nokuhlanza;
- isikhumba esomile, ukucheka, ukuphulukiswa kabi kwamanxeba;
- ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract.
Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela
Uhlobo lwe-insulin oluthembele ku-insulin uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kanye nohlobo oluxhomeke kwi-insulin lunenkinga ehlukaniswe:
- bukhali;
- i-chronic;
- kamuva.
Izinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu ziphuzile:
- i-hypoglycemia;
- i-ketoacidosis;
- i-coma lactocidotic;
- i-coma ye-hyperosmolar.
Imiphumela ephuzile ihlanganisa:
- ukungahloniphi ;
- i-retinopathy ;
- i-polyneuropathy ;
- unyawo lwesifo sikashukela .
Imiphumela engapheli yesifo sikashukela:
- Izinso. Lo mzimba ngesikhathi ulahlekelwa ikhono lokubhekana nemisebenzi yawo.
- Izindiza. Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-permeability, ziba nzima, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni isifo senhliziyo nokushaywa yisifo.
- Isikhumba. Ngenxa yokwehla kwegazi, kunengozi yezilonda ze-trophic.
- I-CNS. Ubuthakathaka nokuguga kwamalungu, ukubonakala kobuhlungu obungapheli.
Indlela yokwelapha isifo sikashukela?
Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwesifo sikashukela kulezi zinhlobo eziningi kuncike ekutheni imiyalelo kadokotela isetshenziswa kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kokwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Lapho ukwelashwa yisifo sikashukela, izindlela ezingezona zendabuko zivame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa kuphela ngemvume yodokotela oya khona njengesibili.
Ngingayiphilisa isifo sikashukela?
Njengokungathi angifuni ukubika ngenye indlela, kodwa isifo sikashukela saluphi uhlobo luyisifo sokuphila. Ungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila futhi unciphise ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu, kodwa ukuqeda isifo sikashukela ngeke kwenzeke, ukuze bangathembisi ukukhangisa izindlela ezintsha, okuvame ukukhathazwa yibo abahluphekayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nayo yonke imiyalelo yabodokotela futhi ungahlanganyeli ekuziphatheni, ngakho-ke kwezinye izimo, ukungabi khona kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
Izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Uma ucabangela umbuzo wokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imithi enqunywe odokotela. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, kaningi izixazululo ezisiza ukuqeda izimpawu noma ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwayo okungalungile:
- I-ACE. Ngcindezelo eyengeziwe noma amaprotheni okuqukethwe emcimbini ungaphezu kwendabuko.
- Aspirin. Izinkinga zenhliziyo nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo.
- Izitatimende. Ukunciphisa i-cholesterol, ukuvala imithwalo yegazi.
- Izidakamizwa ezisiza ngezinkinga zokulungiswa. Ngokuvamile i-Viagra ne-Levitra, kodwa ungayithatha kuphela emva kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
- Kusho izinkinga ngokugaya. Kungaba yiTserukal noma i-Erythromycin uma i-gastroparesis ithuthukile.
Izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili
Uma sikhuluma ngendlela yokwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, khona-ke izidakamizwa zibekiwe ngendlela ehlukile. Phakathi kwazo yizithunywa ezikhulisa ukutholakala kwamaseli ku-insulin:
- I-Pioglar;
- I-Metformin ;
- I-Diaglitazone.
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezintsha ezifanisayo ezibandakanya ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinamandla:
- Januvia;
- Inglis;
- I-Glukobay;
- I-Victoria;
- I-Baeta.
Amalungiselelo akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulini:
- I-Novonorm;
- I-Starlix;
- Gljurenorm;
- Isifo sikashukela;
- I-Maninil.
Indlela yokwelapha isifo sikashukela ngamakhambi abantu?
Labo abafisa ukukhulula izimpawu ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela, umbuzo wokuthi ukwelapha isifo sikashukela ekhaya usuke ukhulu kangakanani. Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sifaka izindlela zokupheka kanye nemithi yendabuko, kodwa ukwenza ngokuqondile, ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela akukhuthazwa.
Ukumnika amakhemikhali amakhemikhali Amur avela kusifo sikashukela uye wazimisela njengomuthi omuhle ngenxa yamandla akhe okuthuthukisa kakhulu umzimba we-carbohydrates metabolism. Ukuthola lesi sidakamizwa akugqugquzeli kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulini, kodwa futhi ne-enzyme ye-pancreas: lipase, protease kanye ne-amylase. Thatha ukumnika ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo.
- Kubantu abadala: 1 ithisipuni kathathu ngosuku.
- Kubantwana: 1 tsp 1-2 izikhathi ngosuku.
- Inkambo yesicelo ayikho ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Iresiphi yokunciphisa ushukela wegazi kusuka kumlonyeni uKim
Izithako:
- 300 g kagalikhi;
- 300 g amaqabunga noma izimpande zika-parsley (izimpande ziyasebenza kakhulu);
- 100 g wekhasi lemon.
Ukulungiselela nokusebenzisa
- Faka ikhasi likagalikhi bese ugeza impande yama-parsley (noma amaqabunga).
- Zonke izithako zingaphansi komgudu wenyama.
- Dlulisa ingxube elandelayo ibe embizeni bese uvumele uhlale endaweni emnyama amasonto amabili.
- Ukwamukelwa kunconywa ngesilinganiso sepuni eyodwa ngaphambi kokudla.
- Umlobi we-iresiphi weluleka ukuphuza ingxube ye-decoction yamakhambi: i-horsetail yasendle, ama-cranberries amaqabunga, ama-corn agcwele ama-pods. Brew umhluzi kalula: 1 isipuni weqoqo isitshalo on ingilazi yamanzi.
Ukudla okunomsoco wesifo sikashukela
Kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo, ukudla okunesifo sikashukela kuyinto yokuqala yokugcina. Uma ucabanga ukuthi imbangela yalesi sifo ngokuvamile iwukudla okungalungile: ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lokudla elinomdwebo ophakeme we-glycemic, amaswidi, izimpahla ezibhaka, njll, kanti ukudla kwakhiwa kusuka emuva.
Isifo sikashukela - ungenzani ukuthi awukwazi?
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunquma izigaba zemikhiqizo ewela ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa okuqinile, okumele kube kwimenyu yansuku zonke. Ukudla kwe- diabetes mellitus uhlobo 2 bese uthayipha 1 kufanele kuklanyelwe kucatshangelwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini imikhiqizo ye-diabetes mellitus, hhayi okuthandayo. Kuyadingeka ukuba ugcine ngokucophelela uhlelo olunjalo lwamandla, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube khona okushiwo kulo.
Inqatshelwe ukufakwa ekudleni:
- Ushukela ngendlela ehlanzekile namaswidi. Ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa kuzothola i-ayisikhilimu, ujamu, ushokoledi, ama-chocolate kanye ne-halva.
- Ukubhaka , njengomthetho, kuqukethe ushukela olunqatshelwe futhi kuphezulu khalori.
- Ukudla okusemathinini nemikhiqizo yokubhema. Ukudla nokudla okusemathinini ngemifino yemifino yemifino, imikhiqizo enobisi nosawoti ayenqatshelwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-GI ephansi, leyo mikhiqizo enayo, iphezulu kakhulu ngamakholori.
- Inyama enamafutha nenhlanzi. Izinhlobo ezinamafutha akufanele zisetshenziswe. Uma udla inyoni, kufanele ususe isikhumba.
- Imikhiqizo yobisi. Kuthiwani ngemikhiqizo yobisi lonke, ngoba banezinto ezinamafutha aphezulu, njenge-SD.
- Ama-Sauces. Ikakhulukazi iphathelene nemayonnaise nezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene.
- Manka. Ama-manna akhiyiwe ngokuphelele, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-pasta kunemikhiqizo elinganiselwe futhi ekhethiwe eyenziwa ngamanhlamvu.
- Izithelo ezinokudla ushukela ophezulu. Lokhu kusebenza kumagilebhisi, ikhabe kanye nobhanana.
- Imifino. Ukunciphisa isidingo kusuka emifino ethosiwe nama beet abilisiwe.
- Iziphuzo ze-carbon. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kweshukela kubo.
- Ama-chips nokudla okulula. Le mikhiqizo njengemithetho ine-fat content futhi inoketshezi oluningi.
- Utshwala kufanele kube nokulinganiselwe, kodwa kusuka emavinini amnandi ne-champagne kufanele ilahlwe ngokuphelele.
Imikhiqizo okufanele ifakwe ekudleni ngesifo sikashukela:
- Imikhiqizo kanye nemikhiqizo yokubhaka. Kungcono uma kubhakabhaka okhethekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
- Inyama. Khetha izinhlobo ezingezona amafutha: unogwaja, u-veal, inyama yenkomo, izinkukhu.
- Inhlanzi. Kuqondene nezinhlobo eziphansi zamafutha (i-carp, i-cod, i-pike perch, i-pike), ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele iphekwe kubhangqwana, ubhaka noma ubilise.
- Amaqanda. Akungavunyelwe ngaphezu kweyodwa ngosuku.
- Imikhiqizo yobisi enezinto eziphansi zamafutha.
- Izitsha zokuqala. I-soups nama-broths, okuphekwe ngemifino noma inyama ephansi yamafutha nenhlanzi.
- Imifino. Kuvunyelwe ukuba badle yonke imifino, kodwa hhayi ethosiwe.
- Izithelo namajikijolo. Kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa ama-apula, ama-raspberries, ama-grapefruit kanye nama-kiwi esifo sikashukela, ngoba akugcini nje ukwandisa izinga likashukela, kodwa futhi kunciphisa i-cholesterol.
- Amafutha omifino. Amapuni wezipuni angaphezu kwamabili avunyelwe nsuku zonke.
- Iziphuzo. Okuhle: ama teas ngaphandle kokushukela namajusi amasha.
Imenyu yesifo sikashukela
Ukwenza imenyu efanele yesifo sikashukela sehlobo 2 bese uthayipha u-1, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi kunconywa ukuthatha ukudla okuncane ezinxenyeni ezihlukene. Imfuneko yokudla imenyu yesifo sikashukela yanele ngokwanele amanzi ahlanzekile (kuze kube ngamalitha amabili). Imenyu yansuku zonke cishe ingabonakala kanje:
Ukudla kwasekuseni:
- iphalenda - 200 g;
- isinkwa sonke sikakolweni - 25 g;
- ucezu olunamafutha aluhlaza - 30-40 g;
- itiye ngaphandle ushukela.
Ukudla kwasekuseni kwesibili:
- ama-apula - cishe ngo-150 g;
- itiye ngaphandle noshukela ngebhasikili yebhasikili.
Usuku lokudla:
- borsch noma isobho - 250 g;
- isinkwa - 25 g;
- isaladi yemifino - 100 g;
- I-cutlets (inyama noma inhlanzi) yombhangqwana - 100 g.
Isinkwa:
- isiphuzo se-hip rose;
- I-cottage cheese ephansi ephansi-100 g;
- i-jelly ne-sugar substitute noma izithelo ezintsha 100 g.
Dinner:
- inyama ebilisiwe noma inhlanzi - 100 g;
- isaladi yemifino fresh - 100 g.
Ukudla kwesibili:
- ingilazi ye-fat-fat kefir.