Emikhakheni eminingi yokwelapha ekhaya kukhona imithi, injongo nenqubo abantu abangaziqondi. I-Antihistamine nayo ingezomuthi onjalo. Abaningi abagulayo abagulayo bakhetha imishanguzo yabo, balinganisa umthamo kanye ne-course of treatment, ngaphandle kokubonisana nochwepheshe.
Ama-Antihistamines - yini emazwini alula?
Leli gama ngokuvamile liqondwa kahle. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi ziyimithi yokwelashwa nje kuphela, kodwa zenzelwe ukwelashwa kwezinye izifo. Ama-Antihistamine yiqembu lemithi evimba ukuphendula komzimba kumzimba ongaphandle. Lokhu akubandakanyi izifo zokwelapha kuphela, kodwa futhi ama-virus, isikhunta nama-bacteria (ama-agent aphefumulayo), amakhemikhali. Imithi ecatshangwayo ivimbela okwenzekayo:
- i-bronchospasm ;
- i-edema yezinambuzane ezimangcwabeni zempumphu nomphimbo;
- ubomvu, amabhuleki esikhumbeni;
- itching;
- colic emathunjini ;
- ukufihla ngokweqile ijusi esiswini;
- iminyango yegazi emincane;
- imisipha ye-muscle;
- ukuvuvukala.
Ama-antihistamine asebenza kanjani?
Indima enkulu yokuzivikela emzimbeni womuntu idlalwa ngamaseli amhlophe egazi noma amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Kuneziningana zazo, enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu - amangqamuzana amancane. Ngemva kokukhula, zihamba ngegazi futhi zifakwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlangene, zibe yingxenye yesistimu yomzimba. Lapho izinto eziyingozi zingena emzimbeni, amangqamuzana amancane akhipha i-histamine. Kuyinto imithi yamakhemikhali edingekayo ekulawuleni izinqubo zokugaya ukudla, ukugcoba kwe-oksijeni nokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukweqile kwalo kuholela ekuphenduleni okweqile.
Ukuze i-histamine ibangele izimpawu ezimbi, kufanele zithathwe ngumzimba. Ukwenza lokhu, kunezikhungo ezikhethekile ze-receptors H1, ezisegodini elingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi, amaseli wezinhlanzi ezibushelelezi nesistimu yezinzwa. Ama-antihistamine asebenza kanjani: izithako ezisebenzayo zalezi zidakamizwa "zikhohlisa" i-H1-receptors. Isakhiwo nesakhiwo sabo kufana kakhulu nezinto ezibhekene nazo. Imithi iqhudelana ne-histamine futhi igxilwe yi-receptors esikhundleni sayo, ngaphandle kokubangela ukusabela kokugula.
Ngenxa yalokho, ikhemikhali elivusa izimpawu ezingadingeki lihlala egazini elingasebenzi futhi lizoqedwa ngokwemvelo. Umphumela we-antihistamine uxhomeke ukuthi bangaki ama-H1-receptors akwazi ukuvimba umuthi othathwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha emva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala kokungezwani komzimba.
Ngingahlala isikhathi esingakanani ngithathe ama-antihistamine?
Isikhathi sokwelashwa sincike ekuzalweni kwemithi kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu ze-pathological. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthatha ama-antihistamine, udokotela kufanele anqume. Iminye imithi ingasetshenziswa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-6-7, izisebenzi zamanje zokwelapha zesigcina sokugcina zibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho zingasetshenziswa iminyaka engu-1. Ngaphambi kokuthatha lokhu kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe. Ama-antihistamine anganqwabelana emzimbeni futhi abangele ubuthi. Abanye abantu baphinde bathuthukise ukungezwani komzimba kule mithi.
Ngingawuthatha kaningi kangakanani ama-antihistamine?
Abakhiqizi abaningi bemikhiqizo echazwe bayayikhulula esilinganisweni esifanele, esenza ukusetshenziswa kuphela kanye ngosuku. Umbuzo wokuthi ungathatha kanjani ama-antihistamine, kuye ngokuthi imvamisa yezinto ezenzekayo ezibonakalweni ezingekho emtholampilo, ixazululwa nodokotela. Iqembu elikhulunywayo lemithi libhekisela ezindleleni zokwelashwa ezibonakalayo. Kumele zisetshenziswe njalo lapho kunezibonakaliso zesifo.
Ama-antihistamine amasha angasetshenziswa futhi njengokuvimbela. Uma uxhumane ne-allergen angeke kugwenywe ngokuqondile (i-poplar fluff, i-ragweed blossom, njll), kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imithi kusengaphambili. Ukudla kwangaphambili kwama-antihistamine ngeke kulungise kuphela izimpawu ezimbi, kodwa ngaphandle kokubonakala kwazo. I-receptors ye-H1 izovinjelwa kakade lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisama ukuqala ukusabela okuvikelayo.
Ama-Antihistamines - Uhlu
Imithi yokuqala yeqembu yahlanganiswa ngo-1942 (i-Fenbenzamin). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukutadisha okukhulu kwezinto ezikwazi ukuvimbela i-H1 receptors sekuqalile. Okwamanje, kunezizukulwane ezine zama-antihistamine. Izinketho zokuqala zokwelashwa azivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yemiphumela emibi engathandeki kanye nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni. Imithi yanamuhla ibonakala ngokuphepha okuphezulu kanye nemiphumela esheshayo.
I-antihistamines isizukulwane 1 - Faka kuhlu
Loluhlobo lwezisebenzi zamakhemikhali lunomphumela wesikhashana (kuze kufike emahoreni angu-8), lungaba umlutha, ngezinye izikhathi luvusa ubuthi. Ama-antihistamines wesizukulwane sokuqala ahlala ethandwa kuphela ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi futhi ezibizwa ngokuthi izidakamizwa (ukuphumula). Amagama ka:
- Dedalon;
- I-Bicarfen;
- Suprastin;
- I-Diphenhydramine ;
- I-Tavegil;
- I-Diazoline;
- I-Clemastine;
- I-Diprazine;
- Lorediks;
- I-Pipolphen;
- Setastin;
- I-Dimebon;
- I-Cyproheptadine;
- Fenkarol;
- I-Peritol;
- Quifenadine;
- Dimetinden;
- I-Fenistil nabanye.
Ama-antihistamines 2 izizukulwane - Bhala
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35, i-blocker yokuqala ye-H1-receptor yakhululwa ngaphandle kokusondeza nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni. Ngokungafani nabandulelayo, ama-antihistamine wesizukulwane sesibili asebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu (amahora angu-12-24), ungabi umlutha futhi ungaxhomeki ekudleni nasekudleni kotshwala. Bavusa imiphumela emibi kakhulu engavamile futhi abavimbeli amanye ama-receptor ezinhlakeni nasemifuleni yegazi. Ama-antihistamines wesizukulwane esisha - uhlu:
- Taldan;
- Claritin ;
- Astemizole;
- Terfenadine;
- I-Bronal;
- I-Allergodyl;
- Fexofenadine;
- I-Rupafin;
- I-Trexile;
- I-Loratadine;
- I-Histadyl;
- Zirtek;
- Ebastin;
- Astemysan;
- I-Claricens;
- I-Histalong;
- Cetrin;
- I-Semprex;
- IKestin;
- Acryvastine;
- I-Gismanal;
- Cetirizine;
- Levocabastine;
- Azelastine;
- Histimet;
- Lorahexal;
- I-Claridol;
- I-Rupatadine;
- Lomilan nokufana.
Ama-Antihistamine izizukulwane ezintathu
Ngokusekelwe ezidakamizweni zangaphambilini, ososayensi bathole ama-stereoisomers kanye nama-metabolites (amavunithi). Ekuqaleni lezi antihistamines zazibekwe njengeqembu elincane lemithi noma isizukulwane sesithathu:
- I-Glencet;
- I-Xizal;
- I-Cezer;
- I-Suprastinex;
- I-fexophagus;
- I-Zodak Express;
- L-Cet;
- I-Lauratec;
- I-Fexadine;
- Elius;
- Dezal;
- I-Neo-Claritin;
- Lordestin;
- I-Telfast;
- I-Fexofen;
- I-Allegra.
Kamuva ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kwabangela ukungqubuzana nokuphikisana emphakathini wesayensi. Ukuze wenze isinqumo sokugcina kulezi zimali ezingenhla, iqembu lezazi ezivivinyweni ezizimele zemitholampilo lihlangene. Ngokwezilinganiso ezilinganiselwe, amalungiselelo avela emzimbeni wesithathu akufanele ashintshe umsebenzi we-system central wezinzwa, akhiqize imiphumela enobungozi enhliziyweni, esibindi nasezindlini zegazi futhi ahlangane neminye imithi. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo, akekho kulezi zidakamizwa ezihlangabezana nalezi zidingo.
4 Generation Antihistamines - Uhlu
Kweminye imithombo, lolu hlobo lwamakhemikhali ezemithi luhlanganisa uTelfast, Suprastinex no-Erius, kodwa lesi yisitatimende esiphutha. Ama-antihistamine wezizukulwane ezine azange athuthukiswe, kanye nesithathu. Kukhona amafomu okuthuthukiswa kuphela kanye neziqephu zenguqulo yangaphambilini yemithi. Okungokwesimanje kunamanje izidakamizwa zesizukulwane sesibili.
Ama-antihistamine amahle kakhulu
Ukukhethwa kwemali evela eqenjini elichazwe kufanele kwenziwe ngumchwepheshe. Abanye abantu bafanelekile kangcono ngenxa yesizukulwane sokuhlukunyezwa 1 ngenxa yesidingo sokuba sedation, ezinye iziguli azidingi umphumela. Ngokufanayo, udokotela uncoma uhlobo lokukhululwa kwemithi kuye ngokuthi izimpawu. Izidakamizwa zesimiso zenzelwe izibonakaliso zesifo, kwezinye izimo, ungayenza ngemali yendawo.
Amaphilisi e-Antihistamine
Imithi yomlomo iyadingeka ukuze kususwe ngokushesha ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo ye-pathology ethinta izinhlelo eziningana zomzimba. Ama-Antihistamine wokuthola kwangaphakathi aqala ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwehora futhi ngokuqinisekile ayeke ukuvuvukala komphimbo nezinye izinambuzane ezinamakhaza, kunciphisa izimpawu ezibandayo, ukuhlambalaza nezikhumba zesifo.
Amathebulethi aphumelelayo futhi ephephile:
- I-Fexofen;
- I-Alersis;
- I-Tsetril;
- I-Altiva;
- I-rollinosis;
- I-Telfast;
- Amertyl;
- I-Edeni;
- I-fexophagus;
- Cetrin;
- I-Allergomax;
- I-Zodak;
- I-Tigofast;
- Allertec;
- Cetral;
- Eridez;
- Hamba Neo;
- Zeilola;
- L-Cet;
- Alerzin;
- I-Glencet;
- I-Xizal;
- I-Aleron Neo;
- Nkosies;
- Elius;
- I-Allergistop;
- AmaFribri nabanye.
I-Antihistamine yehla
Kule fomu ifomu, kokubili amalungiselelo asendaweni kanye nesistimu akhiqizwa. Ukwehla kokungezwani komzimba ukuphathwa komlomo;
- Zirtek;
- Dezal;
- I-Fenistil;
- I-Zodak;
- I-Xizal;
- IPhalamende;
- I-zaditor;
- I-Allergonics ne-analogues.
Ama-Antihistamine amalungiselelo e-topical for the nose:
- Tizin Allärji;
- I-Allergodyl;
- Lecrolin;
- I-Cromohexal;
- I-Sanorin Aneralgin;
- Vibrocil nabanye.
Ama-antiallergic awela phansi iso:
- I-Opatanol;
- I-Zaditen;
- I-Allergodyl;
- Lecrolin;
- I-Nafkon-A;
- I-Cromohexal;
- Vizin;
- Okumil kanye nezilinganiso.
Ama-ointments e-Antihistamine
Uma lesi sifo sibonakala kuphela ngesifuba, isikhumba esinamahloni nezinye izimpawu ze-dermatological, kungcono ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zendawo kuphela. Ama-antihistamine anjalo asebenza endaweni yangakini, ngakho-ke abavame ukuvusa imiphumela engadingekile futhi abayilutha. I-perfume ye-allergies enhle ingakhethwa kulolu hlu:
- Nezulin;
- I-Soderm;
- Flucinar;
- I-Celestoderm B;
- Elokom;
- I-Mesoderm;
- Lorinden;
- Irikar;
- I-Beloderm;
- Advantan;
- Isikhumba-isikhumba;
- I-Fenistil;
- Belosalik;
- Sinaflan;
- Lokoid;
- I-Gystan ne-analogues.