Kuzo zonke izinzwa zomuntu, umbono ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwe-acuity
Ukuze ubone ukuthi i-acuity ebonakalayo, ama-ophthalmologists ngokuvamile asebenzisa amatafula akhethekile. Ukuze uhlole amehlo abantu abadala, ngokuvamile usebenzise ithebula le-Sivtsev, lapho imigqa ihlelwe khona, izintambo eziphansi, ezincane (itafula elinamafonti aseLatini libizwa ngokuthi ithebula le-Snellen). Kodwa-ke, itafula elinjalo alikuvumeli njalo ukuthi uhlole ngokunembile ukubonakala okubonakalayo, ngoba umuntu angaqagela incwadi ngokuma. I-a-Golovin ithempelini enembile kakhulu, nakuba ijwayele ukusetshenziswa, ihlanganisa imigqa yamasongo, ne-discontinuities ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ukunquma ubuciko obubonakalayo, izingane zisebenzisa amatafula ngezithombe zezinto nezilwane.
Amatafula anjalo ngokuvamile ane imigqa engu-12, enezinhlamvu noma izibonakaliso zobukhulu obuhlukene, futhi ahlanganiswe ohlelweni lwesimali. Umugqa ngamunye olandelayo uhambelana nokwanda kokubonakala okubonakalayo okungu-0.1. Ubuningi obubonakalayo obubonakalayo bubhekwa njengokuhambisana neyunithi, lapho umuntu ehlukanisa ngokuthula ugijime 10 ukusuka kude kwamamitha angu-5. Ngesinye isikhathi kunabantu abanezici ezibonakalayo ezinkulu kunezingu-1, abakwazi ukuhlukanisa imigqa engezansi kweyeshumi.
Okwamanje, ngaphezu kwamatafula, izindlela zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bokubukeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo nazo ziyasetshenziswa, usebenzisa i-refractometers ekhethekile namanye amadivaysi. Izindlela ezinjalo zibhekwa njengenembile nangenhloso.
Isheke senziwa ngokwehlukana kweso ngalinye, ukuvala okwesibili, njengoba ubuciko obubonakalayo bungahlukana ngeso ngalinye.
Izinto ezithinta ubuciko bokubukwa
Ubuso bomuntu buxhomeke kakhulu ezintweni zangaphandle: ngakho-ke ekukhanyeni okujwayelekile sibona kungcono kunombono omnyama, umbono oqondile ngokuphindaphindiwe ungcono kune-peripheral, umbala wombala uphinde usebenze kangcono ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, futhi kumnyama nomhlophe ebumnyameni, okuhlobene nezici zesakhiwo amehlo kanye nokuhlelwa kwama-cones namahlombe. Kodwa lezi zinto ziyimvelo, futhi ngokuvamile aziphazamisi ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibukwayo nge-se.
Kodwa ukunciphisa amandla okubukwa kuyinkinga evamile kakhulu engabangelwa izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala, kanye nezici ezifa, ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kweso, kanye nokugula noma ukucindezeleka.
Ukubuyiselwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Njengoba kunikezwe ukubaluleka nokubaluleka kwalezi zindlela, izindlela eziningi manje zikhangiswa ezingahle zibuyise amandla okubukwa.
- Ukuvivinya amehlo. Uma sicabangela ukuthi amehlo ayo avezwa kanjani nsuku zonke, ukuvivinya okunjalo kuyoba usizo ngisho nakubantu abangenazo izinkinga zombono okwamanje, ikakhulukazi ngoba kulula. Vala amehlo akho, futhi uwafake ngobumnene ngeminwe yakho, ngezikhathi eziyindilinga. Blink izikhathi 10-12, ngenkathi ucindezela ngangokunokwenzeka. Vala amehlo akho bese ubheka amehlo ayisishiyagalombili noma imibuthano. Ngokuphakamisa amehlo akho phezulu, bese ubahlehlisa phansi, hamba amehlo akho ngakwesokudla - ngakwesobunxele. Ukuvocavoca kugcinwe imizuzu engu-10-15 izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
- Iilazi zokuthuthukisa ubuciko bokubukwa. Izibuko ezikhethekile, ezigcwala izimbobo ezincane, ezisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhathala kweso futhi zithuthukise ubuningi bokubukwa lapho i-lens iba khona.
- Ukulungiswa. Okokuqala, amalungiselelo anjalo ahlanganisa amavithamini amaningi e-vitamin, izithasiselo ze-LHC nezinye izidakamizwa ezihloswe ngokujwayelekile ukwenza izinqubo ze-metabolic kule retina nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo. Ukuqinisa ubuciko obubonakalayo bala mithi ngeke kusize,
kepha ukwazi ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okunye nokusimamisa isimo. Futhi, kunezidakamizwa eziningi (ezisetshenziselwa ngokuqinile ngokwemithi ye-ophthalmologist) ehlose ukuphumula imisipha yamehlo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukunikezwa kwegazi iso.
Ezimweni eziningi, uma ubuciko obubonakalayo buyanciphisa kakhulu, indlela ephumelelayo kuphela yokuhlinzeka, futhi izindlela ezisele (ukuvocavoca kwamehlo, amaconsi, njll) ziyakwazi ukunikeza umphumela omncane kuphela. Noma kunjalo, kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvimbela nokuvimbela ukuwohloka kombono.