Kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi amaqembu amane egazi ahlonziwe. Ukuba yingxenye yomuntu womuntu ngamunye kuya komunye noma omunye wabo kuyinto engavamile futhi engapheliyo. Uhlelo oluvame kakhulu lamaqembu egazi yi-AB0 (a, b, zero). Ukwakheka kwegazi kuyinkimbinkimbi, kepha amaseli egazi abomvu abalulekile ekunqumeni iqembu legazi, embranini lapho ama-molecule ephawulekayo - ama-antigens angaba khona. I-antigens eyinhloko i-A ne-B. I-Rh factor (i-Rh) i-antigen (lipoprotein, amaprotheni) engatholakala nangemvilophu yamaseli amangqamuzana abomvu. Iqukethe ama-antigens angaphezu kuka-50, okuyinhloko yi-C, c, D, d, E, e, B. Njengoba kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kunomqondo omuhle noma omubi, kuthiwa ngama-antigens D no-d kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwawo lapho iprotheni izuzwa ngabantwana kusuka kubazali.
Ukunqunywa kohlobo lwegazi ne-Rh factor
Ukuze ubone iqembu legazi lomuntu, thola ukuthi linama-antigens A ne-B:
- Uma engekho nhlobo, lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lingelaqembu lami, elikhethwe "u-0".
- Uma i-antigen A ikhona, leli gazi lingelaqembu II, libizwa ngokuthi "A".
- Uma i-antigen B ikhona embranini yeseli, leli gazi lingelaqembu III futhi likhethwe "B".
- Uma i-antigens A ne-B ikhona, igazi leqembu IV libizwa ngokuthi "AB".
Ukuze uthole ukuthi i-Rh isici, udinga ukuthola okulandelayo:
- Uma le phrotheni - kukholelwa ukuthi i-Rh isintu esitholile.
- Uma amaprotheni ayitholakali - i-Rh factor ayibi.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, kwaziwa ukuthi cishe u-85% wabakhileyo planethi bane-Rh enhle.
Ukwazi i-Rh factor neqembu legazi?
Kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuphila kolwazi lweqembu legazi kanye neR Rh factor ayilusizo. Nokho, kunezimo lapho kudingeka khona ukwazi lolu lwazi:
- ngaphambi kokusebenza;
- ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa igazi ;
- ngaphambi kokufakelwa komzimba;
- ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambi kokuhlela ukukhulelwa ;
- lapho kuqapha nokuqapha abesifazane abakhulelwe;
- Ukuthola isifo se-hemolytic yezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlaziya i-Rh factor neqembu legazi.
Incazelo yeqembu lapho igazi lingokwakhe khona ukulihlola ngokwendlela ye-ABO. Ukuze unqume iqembu legazi, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi ama-antigens A ne-B akhona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Uhlolo lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-control ye-polisi equkethe ama-antibodies kuma-antigens A ne-B. Antibodies ku-antigen A kuthiwa i-anti-A futhi ikhethwe i-α (alpha), futhi kuya ku-B-anti-B futhi kuchazwa i-β (beta). Uma kwenziwa okuthile okusebenzayo, ukusabela kokunamathela kwe-erythrocyte kwenzeka, okuthiwa i-agglutination. Ama-antigens A no-B abizwe ngokuthi ama-agglitinogenes, namagciwane anesifo se-α ne-β yi-agglutinins.
Uma i-agglutination (i-adhesion) yenzeka, i-Rh enhle, uma ingenjalo-engekho.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi, qhathanisa ama-antibodies aqondile (α and β) nama-antigens (A no-B), ngamanye amazwi, amaqembu egazi angu-4 atholakala ngenxa yemincintiswano ehlukahlukene ye-agglutinins ne-agglitinogens.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuphenya ngegazi le-Rh:
- Indlela yokuveza. Lena yindlela esemqoka yophenyo - uma ithubhu yokuhlolwa enezimpumputhe zegazi ingashushu. Lokhu kudinga i-serum yonke, efanelekayo kuwo wonke amaqembu egazi.
- Indlela ye-Gelatinous. Hlanganisa ngezinga elilinganayo legazi ne-10% isisombululo se-gelatin.
- Ezinye izindlela. Funda nge Petri izitsha.
- Ngosizo lwe-papain. Le ncazelo yenziwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ukukhomba ukuhambisana ngaphambi kwenqubo yokumpontshelwa igazi.
Izici zabantu abanezinhlobo ezahlukene zegazi
Abantu abanesimo esihle segazi se-Rh, banqunywe futhi bayazethemba.
Labo abanesigaba sesibili segazi, ne-Rh factor, banokuxhumana, baxoxisana, bavulekile, banobungane, bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa.
Abantu abaneqembu lesithathu legazi kanye neRhesus positive banethemba futhi bavulekile, njengama-adventures.
Ngeqembu lesine legazi kanye ne-rhesus efanayo, abantu banomlingisi omnene futhi omnene, bahlakaniphile futhi bangavamile.