Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi, kunamathuba amaningi emvelo ukuthi ososayensi abakwazi ukuchaza. Ukufuduka okumangalisayo kwamavolontiza, ama-funnel abulalayo kanye namabhomu, konke lokhu nokunye okuningi ekukhetheni kwethu.
Izenzakalo zemvelo aziyeki ukumangaza abantu. Eziningi zazo zisabangela imibuzo eminingi phakathi kososayensi abangakwazi ukuchaza isizathu sokwenzeka kwabo. Ake sijwayelane nezimo ezingavamile kakhulu zemvelo, mhlawumbe uzothola inguqulo yakho yemvelaphi yawo.
1. Butterfly-abahambi
Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zezinkanyezi zaseNyakatho Melika ziye zaqaphela ukuthi minyaka yonke izigidi zezimvemvane-amakhosi zibalekela isikhathi sasebusika kuze kube ibanga elingaphezu kuka-3 000 km. Ngemuva kokucwaninga kwakusungulwe ukuthi bafudukela ehlathini eliseMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bathole ukuthi izimvemvane zihlale zihlala ezindaweni ezingu-12 kuphela ezingu-15. Kodwa-ke, kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo ukuthi baqondiswa kanjani. Abanye ososayensi baqhubekisela phambili umbono wokuthi isikhundla seSanga sibasiza kulokhu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sinikeza isiqondiso esijwayelekile. Enye inguqulo ukukhangwa kwamandla we-geomagnetic, kodwa lokhu akubonakalwanga. Kamuva nje, ososayensi baqala ukutadisha ngenkuthalo uhlelo lokuhamba lwezimvemvane-amakhosi.
2. Imvula engavamile
Abaningi bayomangala ukuthi akuwona nje amaconsi amanzi, kodwa futhi abameleli bezilwane, bangawela esibhakabhakeni. Kukhona amacala lapho lesi simangaliso senzeke emazweni ahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, eSerbia babona amaxoxo ewa esibhakabhakeni, e-Australia - ama-perches, naseJapane - amaxoxo. Ngemva kokuqoqa ulwazi, isazi sezinto eziphilayo uValdo MacEti washicilela umsebenzi wakhe othi "Imvula evela ezintweni eziphilayo" ngo-1917, kodwa ayikho incazelo yesayense, kanye nobufakazi obuqondile, obunemvula engavamile. Lowo kuphela owazama ukuchaza imbangela yalesi senzakalo kwakunguFhysicist physicist. Wacabanga ukuthi lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi umoya onamandla uphakamisa izilwane, bese uziphonsa phansi ezindaweni ezithile.
3. I-Fireball
Kusukela esikhathini saseGrisi lasendulo, kukhona ubufakazi obuningi bokubonakala kwebani lokukhanyisa ibhola, ngokuvamile okuhambisana nesiphepho sezulu. Ichazwe njengengxenye ekhanyayo engangena ngisho namakamelo. Ososayensi abakwazi ukuqinisekisa lesi simo, ngoba abaphumi ukuzoyifunda. UNicola Tesla nguye owokuqala kuphela ongakwazi ukukhiqiza umlilo emtholampilo, futhi wakwenza ngo-1904. Namuhla kukhona inkolelo yokuthi i-plasma noma ukukhanya okubonakala ngenxa yomphumela wamakhemikhali.
4. Ukushona okungavamile
Isimo esivamile siwumvuthwandaba ogugu ogwini, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi kunendlela eqondile, futhi kunganciphisa ukuphakama kwesihlabathi noma ezinye izithiyo. Nokho, isenzakalo esingavamile singabonakala ogwini laseDorsetshire eningizimu yeNgilandi. Into ewukuthi lapha ukuguquka kolwandle phakathi nokunyakaza kuya ogwini ngesikhathi esithile kuhlukaniswa futhi kakade kulesi simo kuqhubeka nokunyakaza. Abanye babona inselele efana ne-algebraic curve ethi endaweni ethile ihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amaningana anesiqondiso esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, imbangela yangempela yalesi simo ayifakazi, ngaphandle kokuthi ijwayele ukugcinwa emva kwesiphepho.
5. Imidwebo esihlabathini
Wonke umuntu owake wakwenza izindiza phezu kwehlane elingasogwini lasePeru, wabona imidwebo ehlukene yobukhulu obukhulu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, izinkolelo eziningi zemvelaphi yazo zihanjisiwe, enye yazo isigijimi esivela kubafokazi. Noma kunjalo, kuze kube manje, aziwa ukuthi ubani owayengumbhali wale misebenzi yobuciko. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi imidwebo yadalwa ngabantu baseNazca, ababehlala kule ndawo kusukela ku-500 BC. futhi kuze kufike ku-500 AD. Ekuqaleni kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-geoglyphs iyingxenye yekhalenda yezinkanyezi, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa lolu lwazi. Ngo-2012, ososayensi eJapane banquma ukuvula isikhungo sokucwaninga ePeru futhi iminyaka engu-15 bafunde yonke imidwebo ukuze bathole lonke ulwazi ngabo.
6. I-jelly engavamile
Ake ucabange ukuthi i-jelly ayibonakali kuphela esitsheni se-dessert, kodwa nasendle. Ukuvumelana okufana ne-jelly kutholakala emahlathini, izihlahla kanye nohlaza. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalokhu kutholakala emuva kwekhulu le-14, kodwa kuze kube manje ososayensi abakwazi ukuthola incazelo yalesi simo. Naphezu kokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinguqulo, kuyinkinga ukutadisha lesi simo, ngoba lesi siyaluyalu esingavamile asivele nje singalindelekile, kodwa siphinde siphume ngokushesha, singashiyi lutho ngemuva kwayo.
7. Ukuhamba ngamatshe ehlane
E-California, kukhona echibini elomile, elisesigodini sokufa, kuyinto engaqondakali - ukuhamba kwamatshe amakhulu angaba ngu-25 kg. Yiqiniso, uma ubheka ngqo kubo, ukunyakaza ngeke kubonakale, kodwa ucwaningo lwama-geologists luye lwabonisa ukuthi baye bashintsha ibanga elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-200 eminyakeni engu-7. Kuze kube manje, ayikho incazelo yalesi simo, kodwa kukhona ukucabanga okuningi. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwemimoya eqinile, iqhwa kanye nokududuza kwemvelo kuyimbangela yalokhu konke. Konke lokhu kunciphisa amandla okubambisana phakathi kwetshe kanye nomhlaba. Noma kunjalo, le mbono ayiqinisekisiwe ngu-100%, ngaphezu kwalokho, maduzane, ukunyakaza kwamatshe akubhekwa.
8. Ukuqhuma okungaqondakali
Namuhla, ku-Inthanethi, ungathola izithombe eziningi ezibonisa ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni semibala ehlukahlukene ehambisana nokuzamazama komhlaba. Umuntu wokuqala owaqaphela futhi waqala ukuwafunda kwakuyi-physicist Cristiano Ferouga wase-Italy. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi abaningi babengabaza ukuvela kwala ma-auroras. Ukuqubuka kwaqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1966 ngenxa yesimo sokuzamazama komhlaba saseMatsushiro eJapane. Abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ama-flares ayashisa, okwakhiwa ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwamapuleti angama-lithospheric. Okwesibini okusolakala ukuthi imbangela yilezi zogesi ezigcwala emadwaleni e-quartz.
9. I-Green Beam
Ukushona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga - into ehle kakhulu, abantu abaningi abathanda ukuyigcina. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abakwazi ukubona umphumela ongavamile obonakalayo ngesikhathi sokunyamalala noma ukubukeka kwelanga ekugcineni, ngokuphindaphindiwe ulwandle. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi senzakalo sibonakala ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbili: umoya ohlanzekile nesibhakabhaka ngaphandle kwefu elilodwa. Iningi lezinkathi ezirekhodiwe likhanya kuze kube kumasekhondi angu-5, kodwa ukukhanya okude kuyaziwa. Kwenzeke eSouth Pole, lapho umshayeli waseMelika nomhloli wezindiza uRair Baird behamba ngokuhamba. Le ndoda isiqinisekisile ukuthi i-ray yenziwa ekupheleni kobusuku be-polar, lapho ilanga libonakala phezulu futhi lihambela khona. Wayiqaphela imizuzu engama-35. Ososayensi abakakaze bakwazi ukuthola imbangela nemvelo yalesi simo semvelo.
10. Amabhola amatshe amakhulu
Ngesikhathi i-United Fruit Company isula umhlaba ngezindawo zebhanana ezizayo eCosta Rica ngo-1930, kwatholakala amatshe angaqondakali. Zaba ngaphezu kwekhulu, kuyilapho abanye befinyelela ku-2m ububanzi futhi beba nesimo esihle spherical. Ukuze siqonde injongo abantu basezindaweni zasendulo abadala ngayo amatshe (abantu bakuleli bawabiza ngokuthi i-Las Bolas) akunakwenzeka, ngoba idatha ebhaliwe emasikweni aseNosta Rica ayasuswa. Into kuphela engaboniswa yile minyaka yobudala balezi zimpi ezinkulu - lokhu kuyi-600-1000 AD. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona imibono eminingi yokubukeka kwabo, ethandwa kakhulu yimidolobha elahlekile noma umsebenzi wabahlali besikhala. Kodwa-ke, emva kwesikhashana isazi sezizwe uJohn Hoops sabaphika.
11. Ukuphazamiseka okungazelelwe kwama-cicadas
Isenzakalo esimangalisayo senzeke ngo-2013 ngasempumalanga yeMelika - kusukela emhlabathini kwaqala ukuvela i-cicadas (uhlobo lweMicicicicada septendecim), okuyinto egcine ukubonakala kuleli zwe ngo-1996. Kubonakala ukuthi isikhathi seminyaka engu-17 yisikhathi sokuphila salezi zinambuzane. I-awakening iyenzeka ukukhiqizwa nokufakwa kwezibungu. Into engavamile kunazo zonke ukuthi emva kwezinambuzane ezineminyaka engu-17 ubudala ezisebenza ngobuningi be-hibernation zisasebenza izinsuku ezingu-21 kuphela, emva kwalokho zifa. Ososayensi bayaqhubeka bezibuza ukuthi i-cicadas yazi kanjani ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuvuka futhi ushiye indawo yokubamba iqhwa.
12. Ama-fireballs
Enyakatho-mpumalanga yeThailand, wonke umuntu angabona into engavamile eyenziwa eMfuleni iMekong. Kanye ngonyaka phezu kwamanzi avela amabhola aqhakazile ubukhulu beqanda lezinkukhu. Ziyakhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-20 futhi zinyamalale. Ngokuvame ukwedlula ukujwayelekile kwenzeka ngesikhathi seholidi likaPavarana ngo-Okthoba. Naphezu kokuthi ososayensi abakafinyeleli incazelo yalesi senzakalo, abantu bendawo bayaqiniseka ukuthi lezi zibhamu zakha i-Naga ngekhanda nomuntu womuntu.
13. Imisipha emangalisayo
Ngezinye izikhathi ososayensi benza izinto ezithokozelayo futhi zibenza bacabange ukuthi izinkolelo eziningi ezisekelweyo azilungile. Izenzakalo ezinjalo zihlanganisa izinsalela zomuntu, ezitholakala ngezikhathi lapho zingafanele khona. Ukutholwa okunjalo kunikeza ulwazi olusha mayelana nomsuka womuntu, kodwa ezinye zazo ziphutha futhi ziyimfihlakalo. Omunye odume kakhulu yilokho okuthola ngo-1911, lapho umdwebi wezinto zakudala uCharles Dawson athola izingcezu zendoda yasendulo enekhono elikhulu ngokwanele elahlala eminyakeni engaba ngu-500 000 eyedlule. Ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sidalwa siyisixhumanisi esingekho phakathi kwabantu nezimbongolo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwesikhashana, izifundo ezinembile kakhulu azivumelananga nale mbono futhi yabonisa ukuthi lesi skull ungoka-monkey futhi ayikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1 000 ubudala.
Buka Kufakiwe 14 Bourdie's Funnels
Ogwini oluseningizimu yeLake Michigan kunezintambo zasemhlabathini, okungenani zifinyelela ku-10-20 m. Okuphawulekayo kule ndawo yiBaldi Hill, okuphakama kwayo kufinyelela ku-37 m. Maduzane, le ndawo ibe yingozi kubantu. Into yukuthi ngezikhathi ngezikhathi kuvela ama-funnel we-usayizi omkhulu, lapho abantu bewela khona. Ngo-2013, ingane eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala yayisegodini elinjalo. Umntwana wasindiswa, kodwa cabanga nje ukuthi ubude obuyi-3 m. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi uzovela nini futhi kuphi lapho kuvela khona umbhoshongo olandelayo, futhi ososayensi abakhulumi ngalokhu okungajwayelekile.
Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe 15 Sound of the Earth
Kuvela ukuthi iplanethi yethu ikhiqiza i-buzz eyazibonakalisa ngesimo somsindo ophansi. Akubona wonke umuntu ozwayo, kodwa kuphela umuntu oneminyaka engu-20 emhlabeni wonke, futhi abantu bathi le nomsindo ibacasula kakhulu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umsindo uhlotshaniswa namagagasi asuka kude, umsindo wezezimboni kanye nezixuku zehlabathi eziculayo. Owukuphela komuntu othi urekhodile umsindo ongajwayelekile ngo-2006 wayengumcwaningi ohlala eNew Zealand, kodwa ulwazi aluqinisekisiwe.