Ukuze kube nobusika obuhle bemifino yezithelo, badinga ukwelashwa kusukela ekwindla ezikhungweni nasezinambuzane . Ukupompa nge-autumn kwezihlahla kuyisici esibalulekile sokulungiselela kwabo ubusika obuzayo. Yini, kanjani nokuthi nini-esihlokweni sethu.
Isikhathi sokutshala izihlahla zezithelo
Ukuphalaza kwe-Autumn kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuqala kwasebusika, lapho wonke amaqabunga esewile kakade. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, njengokushisa kwamaqabunga nokuwa kweqabunga kwamakhasi.
Lokhu ngeke nje ukuletha umphumela omuhle, kodwa futhi kuholela ekutheni amandla okulimazeka, angenaso isikhathi sokuthola zonke izakhi futhi alungiselele kahle ubusika.
Qala ukuphalaza ngoNovemba, uma kungekho ngozi yokulimaza amaqabunga ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali. Ngaphambi kokucubungula, izihlahla ezindala zidinga ukususa ama-lichen kanye negxolo elidala nge-brush yensimbi.
Ukuphalaza izihlahla ekwindla ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo
Ukwelashwa kwensimu yezithelo kunezinhlobo eziningana zezidakamizwa. Ngokuvamile, abalimi balisebenzisa lokhu ngenhloso yethusi ne-vitriol yensimbi, i-Bordeaux liquid, irea kanye ne-diesel fuel.
Isenzo semithi ngayinye sihloswe ekuxazululeni inkinga ethile, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe ukuthi yini yokuhlanza izihlahla zezithelo ekwindla ngokuhambisana nezidingo zensimu.
Ake sicabangele ukuhluka okuyisisekelo kokupuniza kanye nesiqondiso salokhu noma leso sidakamizwa:
- Ukufafaza kwezihlahla zezithelo ekwindla Bordeaux liquid . Lokhu kuzosindisa izihlahla ezivela ezifweni ezinjengama-scung, spotting, moniliasis, cladosporyosis njalonjalo. Ukucubungula kuyadingeka emva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Ukuze ufefaze, sebenzisa uketshezi olungama-3%. Lungisa isixazululo ebhakedeni lepulasitiki noma elihlanganisiwe (kodwa hhayi elithuthukisiwe nelensimbi, ukuze isixazululo singenzi lutho)
- Ukufafaza kwezihlahla zezithelo ekwindla nge- sulfate yethusi . Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, ungaphatha amapheya, amapulazi nama-apple ngezixazululo zethusi sulfate. Ama-plums aphathwe ngalelixazululo avikelwe ezifweni ezinjenge-moniliosis, i-curly, i-klyasterosporoz ne-coccomicosis. Ngokuba izihlahla ze-apula neziphakathi kwe-sulfate ekwindla ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesikhumba, i-phyllosticosis, i-curlew, i-moniliosis. Izithombo ezincane, ama-2 amalitha esisombululo nge-1 izithombo zanele, futhi umuthi omuthi omuthi omdala uzodinga amalitha ayi-10.
- Ukufafaza kwezihlahla zezithelo ekwindla ngensimbi sulfate . Khiqizwe ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho ingadi isilungele ukulungiselela ubusika. Ukwelashwa nalesi sidakamizwa kunomgomo owodwa: okokuqala, ingadi ithola insimbi edingekayo yokuphefumula, futhi okwesibili, insimbi yinto yokuvimbela izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi edinga i-vitriol yensimbi, izithelo zezithelo ze-apula, kanye namapheya kanye nama-plums. Ukuntuleka kwalensimbi kubonakala kubo ngesimo somkhiqizo ophansi kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezithelo. Ngosizo lwe-sulfate ye-iron, ungaphinde ulwa nezifo ezinjenge-lichen, moss, scab, umdlavuza omnyama, i-cytosporosis, i-septospore. Ngenxa yalokho, ngonyaka ozayo amagatsha ezihlahla
izokhula ngokushesha, futhi isivuno saleso sitshalo sizokhula. - Ukufafaza kwezihlahla zezithelo ekwindla nge-urea (carbamide). Kuhle kakhulu ukulungiselela ukugcina izihlahla zebusika. Ukucubungula nge-autumn nge-carbamide kungenziwa uma ingxenye yamaqabunga ewela emithini. Ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo kulesi simo kufanele kube ngu-5%. Ngokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwamaqabunga, ukuhlushwa kungakhuphuka kube ngu-7-10%.
- Ukucubungula kwezihlahla zezithelo ngefutha dizeli . Leli huyili lisetshenziselwa ukugubha ekwindla kwensimu ukuvimbela ukubola kwemithi - i-apula nemithi ye-plums. Amafutha we-solar ayisetshenzisiwe ngendlela ehlanzekile, kodwa emva kokukhuphuka okukhulu ngamanzi.