Ubuntu, obangelwa izimfanelo ezingaphezu kwavamile, bezikhathi zonke. Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bakhulekela onkulunkulu, futhi kamuva kule ndima indima abantu bakhethwa-ngenkathi ngokuzalwa kwesokudla, futhi nini ngokusolakala ukuthi kufanelekile. Iyini inkolo yobuntu - sizoyiqonda kulesi sihloko.
Iyini inkolo yobuntu?
Kuqondene nokuphakanyiswa komuntu ngamunye, ongumbusi ovelele. Labo abanesithakazelo kulokho ukukhulekela kobuntu kusho, kufanelekile ukunikeza izibonelo zamagama ajwayelekile njengoStalin, uHitler, Mao Zedong, njll. Ngama-monarchies aphelele, amakhosi nabaphathi babedlala indima yabaNkulunkulu. Babenhlonipho, bakhulekela futhi badumise ngezimfanelo ezithile, kodwa ngenxa nje yokuthi babekhona esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Ngaphansi kobudlova kanye nemibuso yezibusiso, kwakungenalo okwanele ukuma esihlalweni samandla. Kwakudingeka ukuba nezimfanelo ezivelele ezenza umbusi afanele ihhovisi. Njengoba unamathuluzi anamandla enkulumo-ze, kulula ukudlulisa njengomuntu othile abantu abafuna ukubona njengomholi wabo nombusi wabo. Mayelana nabantu abanjalo babhala izinkondlo futhi benza ama-epic, ama-biographies okuphila ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukusebenza kwabo kwakucwaningwa ezikhungweni zemfundo futhi yonke indawo ababeyizikhumbuzo ezifakiwe.
Izizathu zokubunjwa kwehlelo lobuhlanga
Isenzakalo esinjalo sakhiwa kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile:
- Ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izizathu zokusungulwa kwehlelo lobuhlanga, kuyafaneleka ukuphendula ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka emphakathini onamalungu omphakathi angasanda kuthanda ukuthatha umthwalo wemisebenzi yazo.
- Ngezinga eliphansi lemfundo, isitayela esithile esingaguquki sokuziphatha senziwa.
- Ukungakwazi ukucabanga ngokujulile kuvulwa amathuba amaningi omlawuli wokulawula ukulawula nokulawula ulwazi lomphakathi.
Abantu bayamnika izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu - ukuhlakanipha, ukuzimisela, ukuqina, umusa nabanye, ngaphandle kokuzivumela ukuba angabaza ukuthi izenzo zakhe zilungile. Izizathu zokusungulwa kwehlelo lobuhlanga zihlobene nenkinga ezweni:
- impi noma iziyaluyalu;
- ubugebengu obukhulu;
- ukukhuphuka kwamanani;
- ukungabi nampahla emashalofini ezitolo. Izimpikiswano zemisa zidinga umbusi oqinile, futhi lokho kuhlale kukhona.
Kungani ububumbulu bevame ukuzala ubuhlanga?
Ngalolu hlobo lukahulumeni, wonke amandla agxila ezandleni zomholi. Usebenza njengamandla amakhulu ezombusazwe, aqede ukuphikisana ngazo zonke izindlela. Zonke izici zokuphila komuntu zilawulwa yizwe. Abantu basatshiswa futhi baphoqeleka ukuba balalele uhulumeni, ukuwuhlonipha, nakuba kungenalwazi ukuthi leli gunya lezombangazwe liphumelela kangakanani. Emhlabathini onjalo, kuhlanganiswa ubumbano buntu, obudlala indima yokuthungatha izindlu, namalungu omphakathi - izikrini emshinini omkhulu.
Iyini imiphumela yemikhuba yobuntu?
Bangacatshangelwa esibonelweni sokugxekwa kobuhlanga bukaStalin. Ngemuva kombiko kaKhrushchev ngoFebhuwari 25, 1956, lapho aqala khona inkolelo yemfanelo yomholi, izimpikiswano zaqhamuka kuleli zwe, intukuthelo yomphakathi yazama ukukhuphuka. Ukuphendula umbuzo, yini engalungile ngehlelo lobuhlanga, kufanelekile ukuphendula ukuthi ngokuvamile labo ababuyela emandleni basebenzise ukuze baqinise izikhundla zabo. Kwaba njalo noNicita Sergeyevich.
Njengoba ebhala phansi wonke amaphutha eminyaka edlule kumholi wazo zonke izizwe, wangathuli ngendima yakhe kule nqubo. Umphakathi ubonakala sengathi uphumile futhi kwakungeyona nje ukulinda izinguquko, kodwa ukuwafuna. Kwasungulwa isimo sengqondo esikhethekile sokungaphelelwa isineke, sikhuthaza iziphathimandla ukuba zithathe isinyathelo esiqinelayo futhi zandisa ingozi yenkambo yokuziphendulela kwama-propulandism. Kamuva kwenzeka.
Ukulwa nobuhlanga buntu
Ukuqamba inkolelo yokungathembeki komholi oyedwa, labo abaza kubaholi abawina, kodwa balahlekelwa. Umphumela wokugcina wenqubo enjalo ngu:
- Ukuvimbela ukholo lwabantu ekupheleleni kwamandla aphezulu njengalokhu.
- Ukugxeka inkolo yobuhlanga emphakathini waseSoviet kwaholela ekubhujisweni kwesimo sokwesaba okuphelele.
- Ukucubungula okubuhlungu nokubuhlungu komkhuba womphakathi wezenhlalakahle emphakathini.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwenhlangano yezwe yamaKhomanisi kanye nokungena kwayo esikhathini esibucayi, okungekho okhethiwe kuso. Akuwona ubugebengu bukaStalin obuningi kakhulu ohlelweni lwezenhlalo lweSoviet olulahla.
Inqubo yokunqoba ubuhlanga buntu
Uhlelo lweSoviet-state kwezombangazwe lwaqala ukuguqulwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokufa kukaStal ngo-1953. Kwaqala kakhulu:
- Ukuqothulwa kwemiphumela yokucindezelwa kukaStalin, kwaxoshwa iziboshwa eziningi zala makamu kulo lonke izwe.
- Ukubuyiselwa komthetho nokuhleleka.
- Kusukela ezinkundleni zamandla, bakhuluma okuningi mayelana nokunqoba inkolo yabantu kanye nemiphumela yayo, befuna inqubomgomo efanele yeBolshevik, evumelekile futhi ehambisana nemigomo yemicabango kaLenin.
Ukukhulekela ubuntu kanye nemiphumela yaso kwaholela ekutheni "iKhwushchev" ihlale "inhlanzi", eyayizigaba ezintathu zokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Futhi amagagasi okuthi "de-Stalinization" afaka ukulungiswa kweGrbachev, kanye nezenzakalo eziningi zeRussia zanamuhla. Izinga elisheshayo lokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kanye nezolimo zikhula, izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ziyadalwa, futhi inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe iqhubekela phambili.
Izinkinga zanamuhla zehlelo lobuhlanga
Kuze kube manje, inkinga yenkambiso yobuntu iyisiqondiso somqondo womsebenzi ososayensi abakhulu kunazo zonke. Bafunda inqubo yokufaniswa kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha njengengxenye ebalulekile yesiko. Isisekelo semisebenzi yabantu emfundweni yizo zonke izindinganiso zomuntu ngamunye - izici zobuntu , umlingiswa wokuziphatha, imizwa. Lena yindlela yokugxilisa umuntu emfundweni. Imikhuba yobuntu nemiphumela yayo ikhulunywa ngokuphathelene nokucubungula inkinga yenkambiso yomuntu njengengxenye engahlukaniswanga yenqubo yokwazi isiko ngabantu.
Amabhuku mayelana nenkolo yobuntu
Izigidi zabantu zadutshulwa, zadutshulwa zavalelwa emakamu ngesikhathi zisemthethweni weStalin. Izwe lisathola imiphumela yalezo zenzakalo. Abalobi abaningi abavelele ngezikhathi ezehlukene baphakamisa isembozo semfihlo, bachaza izici zenkcubeko yabantu kanye nemiphumela ekuphakanyisweni kwalowo muntu. Imisebenzi edume kunazo zonke ihlanganisa:
- "I-Gulag Archipelago" ka-A . Solzhenitsyn . Leliveli-ukuvuma kwakufakwe "ezincwadini ezingu-100 zekhulu".
- I "anqatshiwe" u-Anchi Ming . Le novel yomlando ibonisa ubuhlanga buntu bukaMao Zedong nemiphumela ebuhlungu yokubusa kwakhe.
- "Umeluleki wangasese kumholi" V. Uspensky . Izincwadi ezimbili zichaza imisebenzi kaStalin egameni lomngane wakhe. Indaba ayifuni, kodwa ayiyikumnyama umholi wazo zonke izizwe, kodwa ikhuluma ngobuqotho ngezenzakalo zaleyo minyaka.