Izintela ezinkulu, imikhawulo ehlukahlukene kanye nokuhaha kwenza abantu benze ibhizinisi labo emthunzini ukuze bavimbele imithetho futhi bathole izinzuzo eziphezulu. Ibhizinisi lesithunzi liletha ukulahlekelwa okukhulu emnothweni wombuso futhi kubalulekile ukulwa nomzabalazo osebenzayo.
Iyini umnotho wesithunzi?
Imisebenzi ethuthukayo ngokungalawuleki futhi ngaphandle kokubalwa kombuso kuthiwa umnotho wesithunzi. Kunezizathu eziningi ezivusa ukubukeka kwayo. Umqondo kanye nesisekelo somnotho wesithunzi sekuye kwafundwa iminyaka eminingi, futhi incazelo kanye nokuvimbela imisebenzi engekho emthethweni kuyimfuneko ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye nezwe. Leli gama lasetshenziswa ngo-1970.
Umnotho wezithunzi unomdlandla obukhulu futhi unomthetho ngokusemthethweni nomkhakha wangempela wezomnotho, futhi usebenzise nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, isibonelo, abasebenzi noma izinto ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Ukusebenza okunjalo okungemthetho kusiza ukuthola inzuzo enkulu, engakhokhiswa intela futhi iqondiswa kuphela ekucebiseni.
Izinhlobo zomnotho wesithunzi
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomnotho wesithunzi ezakha isakhiwo esithile:
- Ikholomu emhlophe . Lolu khetho lusho ukuthi abantu abasebenza ngokusemthethweni bahlanganyela emisebenzini evinjelwe, okubangela ukusabalalisa okulandelwayo kwemali engenayo kazwelonke. Umqondo womnotho wezithunzi, ubonisa ukuthi indaba yezinto ezinjalo ngabantu abavela emphakathini webhizinisi abanezikhundla eziphezulu. "Abasebenzi be-white collar" basebenzise isikhundla sabo esisemthethweni kanye neziphambeko zomthetho emthethweni. Ukwenza ubugebengu, ubuchwepheshe bwanamuhla buvame ukusetshenziswa.
- Grey . Isakhiwo somnotho wesithunzi sihlanganisa uhlobo olungavumelekile lwebhizinisi, okungukuthi, uma umsebenzi uvunyelwe umthetho, kodwa awubhalisiwe. Ngokuyinhloko ibhizinisi elincane elisebenza ekwakhiweni nasekuthengisweni kwezimpahla nezinsiza ezihlukahlukene. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu.
- Okumnyama . Lona umnotho wobugebengu obuhlelekile, obuhlobene nokukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezingavunyelwe umthetho (ukuzingela, izikhali, izidakamizwa).
Izinzuzo kanye nokuziqhenya komnotho wesithunzi
Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni futhi ofihliwe kusuka kumbuso uthinta kabi izinga lokuphila lomuntu kanye nesimo jikelele sezwe, kodwa bambalwa bayaqaphela ukuthi umnotho wezithunzi unenzuzo yawo njengenhlekelele yomphakathi nezomnotho. Uma siqhathanisa ubuhle nokuziqhenya komsebenzi onjalo, amaphutha ayedlula kakhulu ibhalansi.
Izinkinga zomnotho wesithunzi
Amazwe amaningi aphikisana nale nkinga ngenkuthalo, ngoba ayithinta kabi izinqubo eziningi kanye nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi.
- Ihlisa phansi ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wezwe, isibonelo, i-GDP iyancipha, ukungasebenzi kukhula, njalonjalo.
- Izimali zikahulumeni ziyancipha, ngoba amabhizinisi enza imisebenzi engekho emthethweni awakhokhi intela.
- Izindleko zezimali zezimali ziyancishiswa futhi abasebenzi bezezimali, abahola impesheni kanye namanye amaqembu abantu abathola izinkokhelo zenhlalakahle bahlupheka ngalokhu.
- Ugibe lomnotho wezithunzi luhlanganiswe neqiniso lokuthi lifaka isandla ekukhuleni kwenkohlakalo, kepha inkohlakalo ngokwayo ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi engekho emthethweni.
Izinzuzo zomnotho wesithunzi
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, izici ezinhle zemisebenzi engekho emthethweni zimbalwa, kodwa ziyizi:
- Imiphumela emihle yomnotho wesithunzi ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi enjalo yenza ukutshala imali kumkhakha wezomthetho.
- Kuyindlela elula yokukhwabanisa kwezimboni ezikhona ekuhlanganiseni kwezomnotho. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokwabiwa kabusha kwezinsiza phakathi kwemikhakha evunyelwe futhi evinjelwe.
- Umnotho wesithunzi uthonya kahle imiphumela yezinkinga zezimali uma kunqotshwa okukhulu kwabasebenzi abangathola indawo emkhakheni ongakahleleki.
Umnotho wesithunzi kanye nenkohlakalo
Sekukhulunywe kakade ukuthi le mibono emibili ihlobene futhi ibizwa ngokuthi amawele ezenhlalo nezomnotho. Okubalulekile komnotho wesithunzi kanye nenkohlakalo kufana nezimbangela, izinhloso nezinye izici.
- Umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni ungathuthuka kuphela ezimweni lapho wonke amagatsha ombuso nohulumeni enakele.
- Imisebenzi engaphandle komthetho ifaka isandla ekusungulweni kobudlelwane benkohlakalo kuzo zonke izindawo ezithinta ubukhona bayo obuhle.
- Inkohlakalo ibangela amabhizinisi angekho emthethweni ukuba abe semthunzini, futhi idala nesisekelo sokuhlela izindawo ezintsha zebhizinisi lesithunzi.
- Imiqondo emibili ekhulunywe ngayo yilezi zindleko zomunye nomunye.
Izimbangela zomnotho wesithunzi
Izimbangela eziyinhloko ezivusa ukubukeka kwemisebenzi engekho emthethweni zihlanganisa:
- Izintela eziphakeme . Ngokuvamile ukwenza ibhizinisi akusizi ngalutho, njengoba yonke inzuzo iholela intela.
- Izinga eliphakeme lezezikhundla . Ukuchaza izimbangela zomnotho wezithunzi, umuntu akanakunqothula icala lokuphatha izinkampani kuzo zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo zokucubungula nokuqhuba ibhizinisi.
- Ukuphazamiseka ngokweqile kombuso . Abantu abaningi ababandakanya ibhizinisi elisemthethweni bafaka isikhalazo ngokuthi umhloli wentela uvame ukuqhuba ukuhlola, ubeka izinkokhelo njalonjalo.
- Izijeziso ezincane zokuthola imisebenzi engekho emthethweni . Imali ebekiwe kumuntu owenza imisebenzi engekho emthethweni, ezimweni eziningi, kuncane kunenzuzo yakhe.
- Izimo ezinzima ezivamile . Ngesikhathi sokunciphisa kwezomnotho, umsebenzi wezomnotho wezomthetho uyaba usizo futhi wonke umuntu uzama ukuya emthunzini.
Imiphumela emibi yomnotho wesithunzi
Ibhizinisi elingekho emthethweni yisenzakalo esiyingozi esithinta kakhulu uhlelo lonke lomnotho wezwe. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani umnotho wesithunzi ubi, udinga ukubheka uhlu lwemiphumela emibi.
- Kuncishiswe isabelomali sesifundazwe, ngoba akukho ukukhishwa kwentela.
- Ngenxa yethonya esikhwameni nakumkhakha wezezimali, kunezinguquko ezimbi esakhiweni sokubuyiswa kwentela kanye nokugqugquzelwa kwamanani emali .
- Imiphumela yomnotho wesithunzi nayo ihlobene nomsebenzi wezomnotho wangaphandle, ngoba kukhona ukungathembeki kwabathengi bangaphandle.
- Ukukhohlakala nokuhlukumeza kwamandla kukhula kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wezwe kunciphisa futhi umphakathi wonke uhlupheka.
- Izinhlangano eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba azihambisani nemigomo yemvelo yokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokungabi khona kwezimali, okuthinta kabi isimo semvelo.
- Ngenxa yomnotho wesithunzi, izimo zokusebenza zinciphisa, njengoba amabhizinisi angayinaki imithetho yomsebenzi.
Izindlela zokulwa nomnotho wesithunzi
Ukubhekana nemisebenzi engakahleleki kunzima kakhulu, kunikezwe izinga lokusabalalisa. Ukulwa nomnotho wesithunzi kufanele kube okuphelele futhi kusebenze ngezici ezahlukene.
- Ukwenza izinguquko zesistimu yentela okuzosiza ukuhoxisa ingxenye yengeniso kusuka ethunzini.
- Ukuqinisa isijeziso ngezikhulu ezikhohlakeleyo.
- Ukwethulwa kwezinyathelo zokubuyisela imali ekhishiwe ezweni futhi ukhiqize isimo sezulu sokukhangisa ukuze sikhiphe ukuphuma kwezimali.
- Incazelo yezimboni ezisebenza ngaphansi komhlaba, nokuphela kwemisebenzi yabo.
- Ukwandisa ukulawula ukwedlula ukheshi, okungeke kwenzeke ithuba lokuvula izimali ezinkulu.
- Ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa ebhizinisini nguhulumeni, isibonelo, ukunciphisa inani labaphathi bokuphatha nokuhlola.
- Ukuvinjelwa kokuhlinzekwa okungalawulwa nokukhangwa kwemali mboleko .
- Ukubuyiswa kwamandla ezinkantolo nakwezinye iziphathimandla. Umthetho kufanele uqinisekiswe.
Izincwadi ezinomnotho wesithunzi
Amabhizinisi angekho emthethweni ahlolisiswa ngokucophelela ngabomnotho, okubangela ukutholakala kwezincwadi ezahlukene kule ndaba.
- "Umnotho wesithunzi" Privalov K.V. Incwadi yokuqeqesha inikeza indlela entsha ekuchazeni lo mqondo. Umbhali ufunda inkinga yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yebhizinisi elingekho emthethweni.
- "Izimo zomthelela omuhle wombuso emnothweni wesithunzi" uL . Zakharova . Umbhali unesithakazelo sokuthi umzabalazo olwa nomnotho wesithunzi uqhubeka kanjani, le ncwadi inakelela izindlela eziningana.