I-infarction ye-myocardial kwezokwelapha iphathwa njengokungasebenzi okubukhali kokunikezwa kwegazi engxenyeni eyodwa yenhliziyo. Lesi simo esinzima esinomphumela omkhulu wokuba nomphumela omubi, okhulu kakhulu emahoreni amabili okuqala ngemva kokuhlaselwa futhi kuncishiswe ngemuva kwezinyathelo zokuvuselela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kubonakala kanjani, izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala ze-pathology.
Kungani i-infarction ye-myocardial yenzeka?
Imisipha yomzimba - i-myocardium - idinga ukwenziwa okuqhubekayo kwe-oksijeni ukudala njalo ukuphazamiseka nokugcina igazi eligeleza emzimbeni wonke. Ukuhlinzekwa kocingo lwamasipha ngegazi kwenzeka ngezindleko ze-coronary, ezihamba kude ne-aorta, igatsha futhi zithunyelwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zenhliziyo. Okubaluleke kakhulu uhlelo olukhethekile lwezitsha ze-bypass, ezisesimweni esinezimpande futhi ezilungele ukungena esiteshini senhliziyo yegazi, lapho izitsha eziyinhloko ziphela.
Ngokuqeda ukugeleza kwegazi ku-layer ye-muscle ye-muscle, izinqubo ze-pathological zibangelwa ngesikhathi esifushane kanti izicubu zifa ngokugxila okuthile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza komzimba kunzima kakhulu, indawo ye-necrosis isuke ishintshwe yizicubu ezixhumene nokubunjwa kobunzima, okuphethwe ukukhubazeka. Uma kwakukhona ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, izimpawu, izibonakaliso zokuqala ezabonakala futhi zinikezwa usizo ngesikhathi esifanele, ithuba elikhulu lokuvimbela i-necrosis, ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-infarction ye-myocardial ziye zafundwa kahle, kufaka phakathi izinto ezinobungozi, ezinye zazo ezingenakuqedwa, kanti ezinye zixhomeke ekukhethweni kwethu. Ukuqeda ukugeleza kwegazi ku-myocardium kungenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezimbili ezihamba phambili:
- Izinguquko ze-atherosclerotic emithanjeni ye-coronary ne-development of stenosis - kulokhu, ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kuyisimo senhliziyo ye- coronary ;
- izinguquko ezingezona-atherosclerotic ezinhlotsheni zenhliziyo (spasm, embolism, vasculitis, ukwanda kwegazi coagulability, njll) - isifo senhliziyo njengesifo-syndrome-nezinye izinkinga.
Lemibandela elandelayo isekela isizinda esingavumelekile sokuthuthukiswa kwe-necrosis ku-myocardium:
- umfutho wegazi ophezulu ;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukuba khona kwe-cholesterol enkulu egazini;
- ukuhlukumeza utshwala nokubhema;
- ukuvezwa njalo kokucindezeleka;
- ukungabi nokuhamba noma umsebenzi omzimba oqinile;
- inani elingafaneleli lokuphumula kwegazi.
I-infarction ye-myocardial - izimpawu
Kwabesifazane, i-infarction ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka esigabeni sokuthunyelwa kwamadoda, ngoba ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kuvikelwa kukhishwe ama-hormone, ama-estrogens alawula izinga le-cholesterol futhi akhuthaze ukwandiswa kwemithambo yegazi. Ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso esidabukisayo ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, lapho ngokuvamile kubhalwe i-angina, ezinye izinkinga ezinenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kodwa ngisho nalokhu ngezinye izikhathi akunciphisi isimo sengqondo sokungabi nabulungiswa empilweni yomuntu, izimpawu ze-infarction esikhathini sokuqala zilahlwe phansi, futhi isikhathi esiyigugu sokonga silahlekile.
Izimpawu ze-pre-infarction
Inkambo ye-infarction ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi eziningana, okuqala kwayo ingaphambi kokuphazamiseka - ukuqhuma kancane kancane kokugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile kuya kumisipha yenhliziyo. Ihlala emaminithini ambalwa kuya kwamasonto amaningana. Ukwazi ukuthi ungabona kanjani ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, izimpawu zalesisigaba, ungagcina impilo yakho. Izimpawu ezisemqoka ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwenhliziyo:
- i-syndrome yezinhlungu ezinamahlombe, isikhathi eside, ikhula kakhulu futhi ijabule kuzo zonke izindawo ezinkulu - ubuhlungu esifundeni senhliziyo buya entanyeni, e-scapula, engxenyeni, engxenyeni engakwesokudla kwesiqu (i-nitroglycerin ayisize);
- ukuphefumula;
- ukukhululwa kwesithukuthezi esibandayo;
- isicasuli;
- ukungahambisani nokusebenza ngokomzimba;
- ukukhathazeka;
- isiyezi;
- ukwanda kwentando yenhliziyo ngesigqi esiphazamisayo;
- i-cyanosis yezindebe.
Izimpawu zokuqala zenhliziyo
Bese kulandela isikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi i-acute period, lapho i-infarction, izimpawu zokuqala ezingazange zithole ukusabela okwanele futhi zingavinjelwe, zidlula esigabeni se-necrotic ngokuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala kwe-aseptic nokubanjwa kwemikhiqizo yokufa kwezicubu. Ubude beli sigaba bungaba amahora amane. Ake sicabangele, yiziphi izimpawu ezise-infarction eziwuphawu kulokhu:
- ukuqiniswa kobuhlungu, ukutholakala kokukhanda, ukushisa, ukulinganisa;
- ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma ukunganakwa;
- umuzwa wokuntuleka komoya;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- izindebe ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izindlebe, impumu
I-infarction ye-myocardial elula - izimpawu
Isigaba esilandelayo sinzima kakhulu, lapho ukuhlukunyezwa kwamabhayisikili kwabesifazane kuthola ezinye izimpawu, okuhlobene nokuqothula kwendawo ye-necrosis nokuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala kwamathisini aseduze. Ubude besikhathi izinsuku eziningana, ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo kubonakala:
- ukuhoxiswa ubuhlungu (ezimweni eziningi);
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukwanda kwentando yenhliziyo.
Izinkathi ezilandelayo kanye nokuthutha emva kokulandela, lapho ukubunjwa kobunzima nokuvumelanisa uhlelo lwesimo senhliziyo kuya kwezimo ezintsha kuzokwenzeka amasonto ambalwa. I-Symptomatology izoxhomeka ekubambeni, endaweni yangakapheli, eyakhelwe ngenxa yenkinga. Ngokuvamile, isimo sezempilo sesiguli sibonakala sinelisekile.
Usizo lokuqala lokuhlasela kwenhliziyo
Ngemva kokubiza i-ambulensi lapho kuvela izibonakaliso, usizo lokuqala kufanele lunikezwe i-infarction ye-myocardial kwisisulu, okulandelayo:
- Umkhawulo ophelele womsebenzi womzimba, ukuthatha isikhundla esilandelayo noma sokuqamba amanga.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okuvamile kwe-air.
- Ukwamukelwa kwe-nitrolycerin (ngaphansi kolimi) kanye ne-acetylsalicylic acid (ukuhlaziya) i-tablet eyodwa.
- Ukuthatha imithi echazwe udokotela ngaphambili.
- Uma kunokwenzeka, qapha ukucindezelwa kwegazi.
- Lapho inhliziyo iyeka - i-punch emfushane eqinile esitelekeni emasekhondeni okuqala, ke- ukusikhipha okungaqondile .
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Ukuxilongwa kwe-infarction ye-myocardial
Lapho kuhlasela isifo senhliziyo, izimpawu nezibonakaliso zokuqala ezikhathini eziningi zivutha futhi zivame, okuvumela odokotela ukuba baqaphele ngokushesha ukugula. Ukucacisa isimo nendawo ye-lesion, inhloso yokwelashwa, izindlela zokuxilongwa kwe-infarction ye-myocardial ziyadingeka:
- i-electrocardiography;
- i-angiography;
- ukuhlola igazi kwe-laboratory (ukuzimisela kwe-ESR, i-leukocytes, izimpawu zokuvuvukala kwezinto eziphilayo, izimpawu ze-necrosis).
Indlela yokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo?
Ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukukhubazeka, ukuvinjelwa kwe-infarction ye-myocardial kunconywa, imithetho eyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi.
- Ukulawula isisindo somzimba.
- Ukulawula izinga le-cholesterol noshukela egazini.
- Ukudla okunempilo.
- Ukuphila ngaphandle kwemikhuba emibi.
- Izinga elijwayelekile lomsebenzi womzimba.
- Ukuvinjelwa kwe-overstrain ye-nervous.